Article
Cell Biology
Xin Chen, Denis Delic, Yaochen Cao, Linghong Shen, Qin Shao, Zheyu Zhang, Hongwei Wu, Ahmed A. Hasan, Christoph Reichetzeder, Mohamed M. S. Gaballa, Bernhard K. Kraemer, Thomas Klein, Lianghong Yin, Ben He, Stanislao Morgera, Berthold Hocher
Summary: The nephroprotective effects of empagliflozin in nondiabetic CKD are attributed to its dose-dependent activation of the TGF mechanism and its effects on the complement system.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ander Vergara, Conxita Jacobs-Cacha, Carmen Llorens-Cebria, Alberto Ortiz, Irene Martinez-Diaz, Nerea Martos, Pamela Dominguez-Baez, Mireia Molina Van den Bosch, Sheila Bermejo, Michael Paul Pieper, Begona Benito, Maria Jose Soler
Summary: The combination therapy of empagliflozin, atrasentan, and ramipril shows synergistic cardiorenal protective effects in a type 2 diabetic mouse model. This therapy not only reduces blood glucose and blood pressure, but also prevents further deterioration of kidney function and has positive effects on heart function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Mohanad Almaimani, Vikas S. Sridhar, David Z. I. Cherney
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have shown to have cardiorenal protective effects in patients with diabetes and CKD, extending to nondiabetic CKD patients. Clinical evidence and mechanistic studies support the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in non-DKD patients for kidney protection.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEPHROLOGY AND HYPERTENSION
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Yang Yang, Gaosi Xu
Summary: This paper summarizes the mechanisms of hyperfiltration in early diabetic kidney disease (DKD), including the effect of glucose reabsorption, renal growth, nitric oxide, adenosine, atrial natriuretic peptide, cyclooxygenase, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and endothelin. Potential treatments targeting these mechanisms may provide new therapeutic opportunities for reducing renal burden in DKD patients.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomohito Gohda, Maki Murakoshi
Summary: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease. Early diagnosis, treatment, and risk factor management are important for preventing DKD progression. While current biomarkers for DKD diagnosis and prognosis are limited, measuring TNFRs in serum can help predict CKD prognosis. Cardiorenal risk factor management and certain medications are effective in slowing DKD progression, but there is still a high residual risk. Emerging therapies like SGLT2 inhibitors show promise for preventing DKD progression in patients with type 2 diabetes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xuan Li, Elizabeth R. Flynn, Jussara M. do Carmo, Zhen Wang, Alexandre A. da Silva, Alan J. Mouton, Ana C. M. Omoto, Michael E. Hall, John E. Hall
Summary: Clinical trials have shown that SGLT2 inhibitors can improve the prognosis of diabetes patients with heart failure. This study investigates how a highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor, EMPA, improves cardiac function in a non-diabetic mouse model of heart failure induced by TAC. The results indicate that EMPA enhances mitochondrial function, reduces reactive oxygen species production, and improves overall cardiac function.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jennifer N. Clements
Summary: Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors have been approved as adjunct therapy for type 2 diabetes and have become a high-level recommendation for patients with cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, they have shown effectiveness in treating heart failure and chronic kidney disease, regardless of diabetes status.
JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cheng-Yang Hsieh, Sheng-Feng Sung
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant risk factor for stroke and cerebrovascular disease, yet the interaction between the brain and kidneys has received less attention compared to the interaction between the heart and kidneys. This article focuses on the potential of SGLT2 inhibitors, a class of oral anti-diabetic drugs, in preventing strokes and improving the cerebro-renal interaction, regardless of diabetes status. The authors propose the roles of baseline renal functions and dual inhibition of SGLT1/2 in stroke prevention, as well as the additional benefits of reducing atrial fibrillation and hemorrhagic stroke.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Christian W. Mende
Summary: Chronic kidney disease is a common condition that poses serious risks, but effective treatments to slow disease progression, prevent complications, and extend patient survival are lacking. Recent research suggests that certain drugs originally developed for other conditions may hold promise as treatments for chronic kidney disease.
ADVANCES IN THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Anxiang Cai, Jianxiao Shen, Xiaoqian Yang, Xinghua Shao, Leyi Gu, Shan Mou, Xiajing Che
Summary: This study analyzed the kidneys of healthy mice, diabetic mice, and diabetic mice treated with dapagliflozin using ATAC and RNA sequencing, and identified Csf2rb, Btla, and Isg15 as key candidate genes associated with hyperglycemia, azotemia, and albuminuria in DKD. The study also demonstrated that dapagliflozin exhibited anti-inflammatory effects on renal cells and attenuated kidney injury and inflammation in mice.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Silvia J. Leon, Navdeep Tangri
Summary: Recent studies have shown that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have similar effectiveness in cardiovascular and kidney-related outcomes in the presence of cardiovascular disease (CV) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce the risk of CHF events and CKD progression, and may have synergistic effects in patients with cardiorenal syndrome.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEPHROLOGY AND HYPERTENSION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Atit Dharia, Abid Khan, Vikas S. Sridhar, David Z. Cherney
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors have been developed as antidiabetic agents and have demonstrated improved cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further analysis has shown consistent improvements in kidney-related outcomes, regardless of diabetes status and kidney function. These inhibitors are generally safe and well-tolerated, with a decreased risk of acute kidney injury. The kidney protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors may be attributed to multiple mechanisms.
ANNUAL REVIEW OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Irene Capelli, Danilo Ribichini, Michele Provenzano, Daniele Vetrano, Valeria Aiello, Giuseppe Cianciolo, Valentina Vicennati, Alessandro Tomassetti, Ginevra Moschione, Sabrina Berti, Uberto Pagotto, Gaetano La Manna
Summary: This retrospective study evaluated the reduction in proteinuria in diabetic kidney disease patients after treatment with SGLT2 inhibitors. The results showed that more than 50% of the patients had a reduction in proteinuria of over 30%, and these patients had higher baseline proteinuria levels. The estimated glomerular filtration rate and body mass index were identified as potential predictors of treatment response.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Eleni Rebelos, Andrea Mari, Vesa Oikonen, Hidehiro Iida, Pirjo Nuutila, Ele Ferrannini
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether [18F]FDG-PET can be used in the study of renal glucose metabolism in humans. The results showed that [18F]FDG-PET can still provide relevant physiological information on regional renal glucose uptake, as long as [18F]FDG uptake is corrected for tubular radioactivity.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tian Gan, Yi Song, Feng Guo, Guijun Qin
Summary: This article reviews the protective effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and their mechanisms, including improvement in tubuloglomerular feedback, reduced intraglomerular pressure and fluid load, decreased blood pressure, anti-inflammatory effects, nutrient deprivation signaling, and improved endothelial function.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2022)