Article
Immunology
Luxin Pei, Kiyoshi F. Fukutani, Rafael Tiburcio, Adam Rupert, Eric W. Dahlstrom, Frances Galindo, Elizabeth Laidlaw, Andrea Lisco, Maura Manion, Bruno B. Andrade, Irini Sereti
Summary: The study identified metabolic disturbances in IRIS before and during the event, linking oxidative stress, tryptophan pathway, and lipid signaling with IRIS development. Metabolic pathways of lipids and amino acids were significantly associated with inflammatory biomarkers like IL-12p70 and IL-8 during the IRIS event, suggesting the impact of cellular metabolism on immune cell activation and vice versa.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rahaba Marima, Rodney Hull, Georgios Lolas, Konstantinos N. Syrigos, Minah Kgoebane-Maseko, Andreas Martin Kaufmann, Zodwa Dlamini
Summary: Cervical cancer is a major public health issue in low-to-middle-income countries, with human papillomavirus infection being the main cause. HIV positive women are at higher risk of HPV and cervical cancer, particularly in African countries. While studies have shown a relationship between HPV, HIV, and cervical cancer, there is still a gap in understanding the precise nature of this tripartite association.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Xiaoming Sun, Ce Gao, Ke Zhao, Yanhui Yang, Yelizaveta Rassadkina, Jesse Fajnzylber, James Regan, Jonathan Z. Z. Li, Mathias Lichterfeld, Xu G. G. Yu
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 plasma viremia is associated with severe disease and death in COVID-19. This study comprehensively analyzed immune responses in various blood cell subsets and found that all seven immune cell subtypes were associated with disease severity. The gene signatures of mDCs and pDCs could distinguish disease severity. Patients with severe disease showed impaired interferon responses, imbalanced cell-intrinsic immune sensing, and excessive inflammatory response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Wolfgang M. Brueckl, Martin Reck, Achim Rittmeyer, Jens Kollmeier, Claas Wesseler, Gunther H. Wiest, Petros Christopoulos, Albrecht Stenzinger, Amanda Tufman, Petra Hoffknecht, Bernhard Ulm, Fabian Reich, Joachim H. Ficker, Eckart Laack
Summary: The study evaluated the efficacy of second line docetaxel plus ramucirumab (D+R) after first line CTx+ICI therapy in metastatic NSCLC patients. Results showed D+R to be an effective and safe treatment option, with KRAS mutations associated with poorer outcomes. Further investigations are needed for KRAS mutated patients.
TRANSLATIONAL LUNG CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Loice A. Ombajo, Jeremy Penner, Joseph Nkuranga, Jared Mecha, Margaret Mburu, Collins Odhiambo, Florentius Ndinya, Rukia Aksam, Richard Njenga, Simon Wahome, Peter Muiruri, Sheila Eshiwani, Maureen Kimani, Catherine Ngugi, Anton Pozniak
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of switching to dolutegravir in HIV-infected patients with viral suppression who were on second-line therapy with a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor (PI) and had no genotype information. The results showed that switching to dolutegravir was noninferior to continuing treatment with a ritonavir-boosted PI at 48 weeks in terms of viral suppression. No resistance mutations to dolutegravir or the ritonavir-boosted PI were detected at the time of treatment failure. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 adverse events related to treatment was similar between the two groups.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laura Macca, Vittoria Moscatt, Manuela Ceccarelli, Ylenia Ingrasciotta, Giuseppe Nunnari, Claudio Guarneri
Summary: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and HIV-infected individuals are more susceptible to developing HS, particularly in atypical sites due to HIV-related immunosuppression.
Article
Immunology
Wei Li, Fahim Syed, Richard Yu, Jing Yang, Ying Xia, Ryan F. Relich, Patrick M. Russell, Shanxiang Zhang, Mandana Khalili, Laurence Huang, Melissa A. Kacena, Xiaoqun Zheng, Qigui Yu
Summary: Immune checkpoints are molecular pairs that either inhibit or stimulate immune defense, regulation, and self-tolerance. Soluble immune checkpoints play important roles in antibacterial immunity, regulation of immune responses, and competition with blocking antibodies. The balance of soluble immune checkpoints can be disrupted in diseases such as cancer, COVID-19, and HIV infection. Therefore, studying the role of soluble immune checkpoints in immune regulation in health and disease is crucial.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Li -Anne H. Douma, Ferry Lalezari, Vincent van der Noort, Jeltje F. de Vries, Kim Monkhorst, Illaa Smesseim, Paul Baas, Bodien Schilder, Marrit Vermeulen, Jacobus A. Burgers, Cornedine J. de Gooijer
Summary: This study evaluated the clinical activity of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib combination therapy in patients with pleural mesothelioma. The results showed promising anti-tumor activity with considerable toxicity in this patient population, indicating the need for further investigation into the combination therapy.
Article
Immunology
Lin Jia, Naifei Chen, Xiao Chen, Chao Niu, Ziling Liu, Kewei Ma, Nanya Wang, Lei Yang, Yuguang Zhao, Wei Song, Jin Lu, Chen Chen, Xiaofeng Cong, Xu Wang, Yinghui Xu, Guozhen Cui, Zengguang Liu, Rongrong Chen, Wei Li, Jiuwei Cui
Summary: This pilot study evaluated the efficacy and safety of PD-1 antibody combined with autologous NK cells in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer patients. The results showed promising antitumor activity and an acceptable safety profile in patients who failed the first-line treatment.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Salvatore Grisanti, Deborah Cosentini, Marta Lagana, Alessandra Morandi, Barbara Lazzari, Laura Ferrari, Alberto Dalla Volta, Roberta Ambrosini, Vittorio Domenico Ferrari, Sandra Sigala, Alfredo Berruti
Summary: The Gem/Cape chemotherapy regimen shows modest activity in heavily pretreated patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. Clinical parameters such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and ECOG performance status are helpful in identifying patients who are unlikely to benefit significantly from this treatment.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
M. C. Rikhotso, S. E. Ledwaba, J-p. k. Ngandu, V. Mavumengwana, C. J. Kinnear, R. Warren, N. Potgieter, A. N. Traore
Summary: According to reports in South Africa, treatment failure rates for rifampicin-resistant TB are high and below the WHO target. HIV infection and HAART can influence the response of patients receiving anti-TB drugs. Newer medications such as bedaquiline, pretomanid, and linezolid have shown promising results in the treatment of RR-TB.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Patrick Neven, Stephen R. D. Johnston, Masakazu Toi, Joohyuk Sohn, Kenichi Inoue, Xavier Pivot, Olga Burdaeva, Meena Okera, Norikazu Masuda, Peter A. Kaufman, Han Koh, Eva-Maria Grischke, PierFranco Conte, Yi Lu, Nadine Haddad, Karla C. Hurt, Antonio Llombart-Cussac, George W. Sledge
Summary: Abemaciclib plus fulvestrant demonstrated significant improvements in PFS and OS compared to placebo plus fulvestrant in HR+, HER2(-) advanced breast cancer patients in both first- and second-line treatment subgroups. The benefits were particularly pronounced in patients with primary resistance to endocrine therapy and visceral disease.
CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
A. Turkova, E. White, H. A. Mujuru, A. R. Kekitiinwa, C. M. Kityo, A. Violari, A. Lugemwa, T. R. Cressey, P. Musoke, E. Variava, M. F. Cotton, M. Archary, T. Puthanakit, O. Behuhuma, R. Kobbe, S. B. Welch, M. Bwakura-Dangarembizi, P. Amuge, E. Kaudha, L. Barlow-Mosha, S. Makumbi, N. Ramsagar, C. Ngampiyaskul, G. Musoro, L. Atwine, A. Liberty, V Musiime, D. Bbuye, G. M. Ahimbisibwe, S. Chalermpantmetagul, S. Ali, T. Sarfati, B. Wynne, C. Shakeshaft, A. Colbers, N. Klein, S. Bernays, Y. Saidi, A. Coelho, T. Grossele, A. Compagnucci, C. Giaquinto, P. Rojo, DFord, D. M. Gibb
Summary: In this trial involving children and adolescents with HIV-1 infection who were starting first- or second-line treatment, dolutegravir-based ART was found to be superior to standard care.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Seung Tae Kim, Jason K. Sa, Sung Yong Oh, Kyung Kim, Jung Yong Hong, Won Ki Kang, Kyoung-Mee Kim, Jeeyun Lee
Summary: The study identified a subset of GC patients with distinct clinical response to ramucirumab therapy through prospective molecular characterization. The results demonstrate the feasibility of personalized therapeutic opportunities in gastric cancer.
Article
Oncology
Shinsuke Ogusu, Yuhei Harutani, Takehiro Tozuka, Ryota Saito, Junji Koyama, Hiroaki Sakamoto, Tomoaki Sonoda, Yuko Tsuchiya-Kawano, Tomohiro Oba, Keita Kudo, Hiroshi Gyotoku, Katsumi Nakatomi, Ryo Ariyasu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of second-line immunosuppressants on corticosteroid-refractory immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients with lung cancer. The response rate of second-line immunosuppressants was confirmed in 72.2% of irAEs, with lower response rates observed in pneumonitis compared to other irAEs.
CANCER IMMUNOLOGY IMMUNOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Andrology
Natalia de Castro Alves, Soraia de Araujo Diniz, Rodrigo Novaes Viegas, Steyner Franca Cortes, Eduardo Damasceno Costa, Marina Morra Freitas, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Marcio Sobreira Silva Araujo, Angela Maria Quintao Lana, Raphael Rocha Wenceslau, Monique de Albuquerque Lagares
Summary: The addition of 5 mM caffeine was found to increase sperm motility and decrease nitrite concentration in frozen-thawed equine sperm, leading to a higher fertility rate in mares inseminated with caffeine-treated semen compared to the control group.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Miriam S. Hohmann, David M. Habiel, Milena S. Espindola, Guanling Huang, Isabelle Jones, Rohan Narayanan, Ana Lucia Coelho, Justin M. Oldham, Imre Noth, Shwu-Fan Ma, Adrianne Kurkciyan, Jonathan L. McQualter, Gianni Carraro, Barry Stripp, Peter Chen, Dianhua Jiang, Paul W. Noble, William Parks, John Woronicz, Geoffrey Yarranton, Lynne A. Murray, Cory M. Hogaboam
Summary: IPF is characterized by elevated levels of CCR10 and CCL28 in lung tissue, with CCR10(+) cells promoting pulmonary fibrosis and EphA3 mAb targeting these cells reducing fibrosis.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alisson L. da Rocha, Rafael L. Rovina, Ana P. Pinto, Bruno B. Marafon, Lilian E. C. M. da Silva, Fernando M. Simabuco, Fabiani G. Frantz, Jose R. Pauli, Leandro P. de Moura, Dennys E. Cintra, Eduardo R. Ropelle, Hugo T. Filho, Ellen C. de Freitas, Donato A. Rivas, Adelino S. R. da Silva
Summary: IL-6 plays a crucial role in inflammatory and hypertrophic signaling in the heart, with levels dramatically increasing after acute strenuous exercise and promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine production and inhibiting TNF-α after chronic moderate exercise. Increased IL-6 expression in skeletal muscle is positively correlated with inflammation-related genes in cardiac tissue, indicating a potential alteration in the heart's intracellular signals. Moreover, ablation of IL-6 is linked to reduced proinflammatory response and enhanced activation of physiological cardiac hypertrophy proteins in response to strenuous exercise.
Article
Microbiology
Suelen Queiroz Diniz, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Maria Marta Figueiredo, Pedro Augusto Carvalho Costa, Bruno Coelho Rocha, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, A. Ricardo Goncalves, Dhelio Batista Pereira, Mauro Shugiro Tada, Fabiano Oliveira, Ricardo Tostes Gazzinelli, Lis Ribeiro do Valle Antonelli
Summary: Monocytes play a crucial role in host defense against Plasmodium vivax by producing inflammatory cytokines and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS). During human P. vivax malaria, monocyte metabolism is altered, with mitochondria playing a key role in this change. This metabolic reprogramming leads to an increase in mROS production, contributing to protective responses against P. vivax and potentially triggering immunomodulatory mechanisms.
Article
Immunology
Renato Sathler-Avelar, Danielle Marquete Vitelli-Avelar, Armanda Moreira Mattoso-Barbosa, Marcelo Antonio Pascoal-Xavier, Silvana Maria Eloi-Santos, Ismael Artur da Costa-Rocha, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Edward J. Dick, Jane F. VandeBerg, John L. L. VandeBerg, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
Summary: The study revealed distinct immunophenotypic features of circulating leukocytes and spleen cells in cynomolgus macaques infected with Trypanosoma cruzi. Infected hosts with cardiac histopathological lesions demonstrated significant alterations in immune cell subsets compared to non-infected controls. These findings support the relevance of the cynomolgus macaque model for pre-clinical Chagas disease research and shed light on the underlying immunological mechanisms in cardiac Chagas disease progression.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Fabio Magalhaes-Gama, Marlon Wendell Athaydes Kerr, Nilberto Dias de Araujo, Hiochelson Najibe Santos Ibiapina, Juliana Costa Ferreira Neves, Fabiola Silva Alves Hanna, Lilyane de Amorim Xabregas, Maria Perpetuo Socorro Sampaio Carvalho, Eliana Brasil Alves, Andrea Monteiro Tarrago, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Andrea Teixeira-Carvalho, Adriana Malheiro, Allyson Guimaraes da Costa
Summary: The study evaluated the levels of immunological molecules in B-ALL patients during induction therapy, revealing an imbalance of chemokines and cytokines in the bone marrow microenvironment. At the end of therapy, an improvement in immune imbalance was observed, with an increase in proinflammatory cytokines.
JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Parasitology
Denise da Silveira-Lemos, Glaucia Diniz Alessio, Mauricio Azevedo Batista, Patrick Orestes de Azevedo, Joao Luis Reis-Cunha, Tiago Antonio de Oliveira Mendes, Rodrigo de Almeida Lourdes, Marta de Lana, Ricardo Toshio Fujiwara, Olindo Assis Martins Filho, Daniella Castanheira Bartholomeu
Summary: The study used multiple markers to decode the genotype-specific immune response of experimental T. cruzi infection, revealing that different T. cruzi genotypes influence the phenotypic and functional features of host immune response as well as genotype-specific serological reactivity during early and late stages of infection.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Larissa G. de Vicente, Vitor R. Munoz, Ana P. Pinto, Rafael L. Rovina, Alisson L. da Rocha, Bruno B. Marafon, Maria Eduarda de A Tavares, Giovana R. Teixeira, Gustavo D. Ferrari, Luciane C. Alberici, Fabiani G. Frantz, Fernando M. Simabuco, Eduardo R. Ropelle, Leandro P. de Moura, Dennys E. Cintra, Jose R. Pauli, Adelino S. R. da Silva
Summary: Strategies to attenuate TLR4 can help alleviate metabolic processes like inflammation and ER stress. Physical exercise plays a key role in mitigating the effects of TLR4 activation. TLR4 is essential for inhibiting apoptosis and ER stress pathways, and influencing beneficial adaptations induced by training.
Article
Oncology
Maira da Costa Cacemiro, Jucara Gastaldi Cominal, Luiz Miguel Pereira, Maria Gabriela Berzoti-Coelho, Giovana Michelassi Berbel, Luciana Baroni, Tathiane Malta, Raquel Tognon, Natalia de Souza Nunes, Elizabeth Xisto Souto, Lorena Lobo De Figueiredo-Pontes, Ana Patricia Yatsuda, Fabiola Attie de Castro
Summary: MPN patients may carry driver mutations in JAK2, MPL, and CALR genes, while decreased expression of Hippo pathway-related genes may contribute to cell resistance to apoptosis and increased proliferation rate, promoting the pathogenesis of MPN.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leonardo J. Galvao-Lima, Fabiana A. Zambuzi, Luana S. Soares, Caroline Fontanari, Aline F. Galva Meirele, Veronica S. Brauer, Lucia H. Faccioli, Lucio Gama, Luiz T. M. Figueiredo, Dumith Chequer Bou-Habib, Fabiani G. Frantz
Summary: The successful establishment of HIV-1 infection is related to the blocking or inactivation of inflammasomes. This study found that resting HIV-1-infected macrophages release pro-inflammatory cytokines and show increased CXCL10 expression. The HIV-1 proteins Gag and Vpr interact with host proteins, preventing the activation of inflammasomes and effective immune responses.
MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ana P. Pinto, Alisson L. da Rocha, Giovana R. Teixeira, Rafael L. Rovina, Allice S. C. Veras, Fabiani Frantz, Jose R. Pauli, Leandro P. de Moura, Dennys E. Cintra, Eduardo R. Ropelle, Joe Quadrilatero, Adelino S. R. da Silva
Summary: Excessive downhill running leads to hepatic fat accumulation, and is associated with increased levels of mTORC1 and insulin signaling. Rapamycin administration can inhibit mTORC1, but does not upregulate autophagy flux.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
T. Parimon, M. Espindola, A. Marchevsky, R. Rampolla, P. Chen, C. M. Hogaboam
Summary: Post-viral lung fibrosis due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is a serious complication without effective preventative or therapeutic measures. Infiltration of macrophages and monocytes is a key feature in promoting lung fibrosis. Understanding the regulatory signals and underlying pathogenic mechanisms is crucial for preventing tissue remodeling.
QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Leticia de Almeida, Alexandre L. N. da Silva, Tamara S. Rodrigues, Samuel Oliveira, Adriene Y. Ishimoto, Amanda A. Seribelli, Amanda Becerra, Warrison A. Andrade, Marco A. Ataide, Camila C. S. Caetano, Keyla S. G. de Sa, Natalia Pelisson, Ronaldo B. Martins, Juliano de Paula Souza, Eurico Arruda, Sabrina S. Batah, Ricardo Castro, Fabiani G. Frantz, Fernando Q. Cunha, Thiago M. Cunha, Alexandre T. Fabro, Larissa D. Cunha, Paulo Louzada-Junior, Rene D. R. de Oliveira, Dario S. Zamboni
Summary: This study identifies niclosamide as a potential FDA-approved drug for treating COVID-19 by inhibiting inflammasome activation and SARS-CoV-2 replication. Niclosamide shows strong inhibitory effects on inflammasome activation in human monocytes and PBMCs from COVID-19 patients in vitro, as well as in an in vivo mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Article
Oncology
Vitor Leonardo Bassan, Gabriel Dessotti Barretto, Felipe Campos de Almeida, Patricia Vianna Bonini Palma, Larissa Sarri Binelli, Joao Paulo Lettieri da Silva, Caroline Fontanari, Ricardo Cardoso Castro, Lorena Lobo de Figueiredo Pontes, Fabiani Gai Frantz, Fabiola Attie de Castro
Summary: Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are hematological diseases associated with driver mutations in JAK2, CALR, and MPL genes. Chronic inflammation and alterations in stromal and immune cells may contribute to the pathophysiology of MPN. The frequency and immunophenotype of peripheral blood monocyte subpopulations were evaluated in patients with MPN, showing alterations in monocyte subpopulations frequency and surface markers expression pattern, which may be associated with MPN pathophysiology.
Correction
Oncology
Maira da Costa Cacemiro, Jucara Gastaldi Cominal, Raquel Tognon, Natalia de Souza Nunes, Belinda Pinto Simoes, Lorena Lobo de Figueiredo-Pontes, Luiz Fernando Bazzo Catto, Fabiola Traina, Elizabeth Xisto Souto, Fabiana Albani Zambuzi, Fabiani Gai Frantz, Fabiola Attie de Castro
HEMATOLOGY TRANSFUSION AND CELL THERAPY
(2021)