Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mayra Montecillo-Aguado, Belen Tirado-Rodriguez, Sara Huerta-Yepez
Summary: Cancer is a global public health issue with a poor prognosis despite advancements in detection and treatment. The role of omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in apoptosis in cancer is controversial, with some studies supporting their activation and others suggesting inhibition. This review presents diverse molecular mechanisms evidence in both in vitro and in vivo models to clarify the controversial involvement of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs in apoptosis mechanisms in cancer.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Kitty Reemst, Sebastian Tims, Kit-Yi Yam, Mona Mischke, Jan Knol, Stanley Brul, Lidewij Schipper, Aniko Korosi
Summary: Early-life stress and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids have an impact on the gut microbiota, which is related to cognitive, metabolic, and fatty acid profiles.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hongjie Liu, Xiaoqin Li, Yalun Zhu, Yue Huang, Qin Zhang, Shan Lin, Can Fang, Linyan Li, Yanling Lv, Wenhua Mei, Xiaolin Peng, Jiawei Yin, Liegang Liu
Summary: Plant-derived n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids were found to be beneficial for blood lipid levels and decreased the ratio between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, which has advantageous effects on lipid metabolism and intestinal health.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dongmei Zhang, Qijun Li, Chenghu Yan, Wei Cong
Summary: The study demonstrates the feasibility of using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy as a rapid screening method for evaluating biomass and lipid content, especially the specific fatty acid profile of microalgae. By analyzing characteristic bands and establishing PLSR models, accurate prediction of the main fatty acid contents in microalgae can be achieved.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Anna Wyrostek, Katarzyna Czyz, Ewa Sokola-Wysoczanska, Bozena Patkowska-Sokola, Wieslaw Bielas
Summary: This study examined the effect of supplementation with ethyl esters of linseed oil on the fatty acid profile in blood serum, erythrocyte membranes, and hair sebum of healthy beagle dogs. The results showed that the supplementation decreased the content of saturated fatty acids and increased the level of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids, especially those from the omega-3 family.
Article
Microbiology
Isabelle Bourdeau-Julien, Sophie Castonguay-Paradis, Gabrielle Rochefort, Julie Perron, Benoit Lamarche, Nicolas Flamand, Vincenzo Di Marzo, Alain Veilleux, Frederic Raymond
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a lead-in diet on the response to a short-term dietary intervention. The results showed that dietary changes had an immediate and reversible modulation on gut microbiota composition, endocannabinoidome mediators, short-chain fatty acids, and branched-chain fatty acids. The response of gut microbiota composition was more influenced by the lead-in diet, while the endocannabinoidome response was not affected. Higher initial microbiome diversity favored the stability of gut microbiota in response to dietary changes.
Article
Neurosciences
Yongping Zhang, Jingwen Yin, Haifeng Yan, Ling Yan, Yuyu Li, Cai Zhang, Yajuan Li, Baiping Liu, Juda Lin, Liqiang Zhang, Xueqiong Hu, Cai Song
Summary: Inflammation triggered by macrophages or T-lymphocytes and activated glial cells may contribute to neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter dysfunction in schizophrenia (SZ), while omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can attenuate some SZ symptoms through anti-inflammatory effects. However, the correlations between macrophage/T-lymphocyte-produced cytokines and glia phenotypes, between inflammatory status and PUFAs composition, between cytokines and neurotransmitter function, and between n-3 PUFAs and neurotransmitter abnormality in SZ are unclear.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zahra Asefy, Asghar Tanomand, Sirus Hoseinnejhad, Zaker Ceferov, Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi, Mohsen Rashidi
Summary: Many clinical studies have shown the beneficial effects of -3 and -6 fatty acids on various diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, and most cancers. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to have a toxic effect on cancer cells, although the exact mechanism is still unknown.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Erika Kwek, Hanyue Zhu, Huafang Ding, Zouyan He, Wangjun Hao, Jianhui Liu, Ka Ying Ma, Zhen-Yu Chen
Summary: Peony seed oil (PSO) is effective in reducing plasma cholesterol and hepatic lipids, and favorably modulating gut microbiota associated with cholesterol metabolism.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eveline Gart, Kanita Salic, Martine C. Morrison, Martien Caspers, Wim van Duyvenvoorde, Marieke Heijnk, Martin Giera, Ivana Bobeldijk-Pastorova, Jaap Keijer, Andreas B. Storsve, Petter-Arnt Hals, Robert Kleemann
Summary: Long-term treatment with krill oil leads to increased concentrations of anti-inflammatory compounds in white adipose tissue and liver, resulting in beneficial effects on metabolism and inflammation at the tissue level.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Huimin Zhang, Zhenxia Xu, Wenchao Chen, Fenghong Huang, Shouwen Chen, Xu Wang, Chen Yang
Summary: In this study, it was found that supplementation with algal oil could alleviate intestinal damage and inflammation induced by ceftriaxone sodium in mice. The algal oils inhibited the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, and MPO, increased the expression of tight junction protein ZO-1, and regulated the composition of gut microbiota.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Q. Leyrolle, F. Decoeur, G. Briere, C. Amadieu, A. R. A. A. Quadros, I. Voytyuk, C. Lacabanne, A. Benmamar-Badel, J. Bourel, A. Aubert, A. Sere, F. Chain, L. Schwendimann, B. Matrot, T. Bourgeois, S. Gregoire, J. G. Leblanc, A. De Moreno De Leblanc, P. Langella, G. R. Fernandes, L. Bretillon, C. Joffre, R. Uricaru, P. Thebault, P. Gressens, J. M. Chatel, S. Laye, A. Nadjar
Summary: Maternal immune activation (MIA) and poor maternal nutritional habits are risk factors for the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). Low maternal n-3 PUFA intake exacerbates MIA-induced early gut dysfunction and inflammation, leading to long-lasting effects on microglia-neuron crosstalk pathways and behavior. The perinatal period is critical for understanding the link between MIA, poor nutritional habits, and NDD through the gut-brain axis.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Margherita Di Costanzo, Nicoletta De Paulis, Maria Elena Capra, Giacomo Biasucci
Summary: Food allergies are a global health problem influenced by genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and nutritional factors. There is increasing evidence that nutrition in early life can affect the risk of developing food allergies through epigenetic mechanisms involving the gut microbiota.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Santin, Monia Teresa Russo, Maria Immacolata Ferrante, Sergio Balzano, Ida Orefice, Angela Sardo
Summary: Microalgae show great potential in the production of healthy food and feed supplements, with a focus on polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). Research is centered on improving PUFAs production in microalgae through selecting the best species and strains, optimizing culturing conditions, and utilizing genetic and metabolic engineering techniques. Biotechnological applications of PUFAs from microalgae, such as aquafeed and food ingredients, are discussed, along with techniques for extraction and purification.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xuan Jiang, Qin Yang, Hongyan Qu, Yongquan Chen, Shenglong Zhu
Summary: The gut-liver axis is crucial in the development of NAFLD and FFAR4 may act as a bridge between the gut and liver. In this study, FFAR4 deficiency in mice with high endogenous n-3 PUFAs blocked the protective effects on intestinal barrier dysfunction and hepatic steatosis. FFAR4 deficiency also affected the gut microbiota and various metabolic pathways associated with NAFLD aggravation. These findings highlight the role of FFAR4 in the treatment of NAFLD through the gut-liver axis.
Article
Immunology
Ruben Garcia-Cabrerizo, Thaisa Barros-Santos, David Campos, John F. Cryan
Summary: The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining physiological balance and immunity, and is associated with addiction. Animal studies have shown a link between reward and social processes, which can be influenced by the gut microbiota, impacting neurodevelopment and social behaviors across different species. Depletion of the gut microbiota alters reward responses to drug and social stimuli, with a decrease in drug reward and an increase in social reward. Additionally, depleting the gut microbiota in the presence of positive social stimuli attenuates cocaine reward. These findings suggest that targeting the microbiota and enhancing social behavior could be beneficial in reducing harm from drug use.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Caoimhe M. K. Lynch, Caitlin S. M. Cowan, Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen, Gerard M. Moloney, Nigel Theune, Marcel van de Wouw, Eva Florensa Zanuy, Ana Paula Ventura-Silva, Martin G. Codagnone, Francisca Villalobos-Manriquez, Matilde Segalla, Fatma Koc, Catherine Stanton, Paul Ross, Timothy G. Dinan, Gerard Clarke, John F. Cryan
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in neurodevelopment and behavior. Early-life exposure to antibiotics has been associated with increased risk of immune and metabolic diseases. Targeted antibiotic-induced disruption of the microbiota during critical developmental periods has enduring effects on physiology and behavior. This study demonstrates that microbiota disruption during early life alters the structure and function of the caecal microbiome, as well as immune cells and neurophysiology in adolescence. However, the effects on behavior are limited and subtle, suggesting the importance of the gut microbiota during critical windows of development.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Samuele Laudani, Sebastiano A. Torrisi, Silvia Alboni, Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen, Cristina Benatti, Veronica Rivi, Rachel D. Moloney, Virginia Fuochi, Pio M. Furneri, Filippo Drago, Salvatore Salomone, Fabio Tascedda, John F. Cryan, Gian Marco Leggio
Summary: Mounting evidence suggests a link between gut microbiota abnormalities and PTSD, but the influence of gut microbiota on PTSD susceptibility is poorly understood. This study demonstrates pre-trauma and post-trauma gut microbiota alterations in susceptible mice with persistent PTSD-related phenotypes. The findings suggest that gut microbiota abnormalities contribute to trauma susceptibility and could be a potential therapeutic target for PTSD.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Jessica Emily Green, Michael Berk, Mohammadreza Mohebbi, Amy Loughman, Amelia J. McGuinness, David Castle, Mary Lou Chatterton, Joahna Perez, Philip Strandwitz, Eugene Athan, Christopher Hair, Andrew A. Nierenberg, John F. Cryan, Felice Jacka
Summary: This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, and safety of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a treatment for major depressive disorder. The results suggest that FMT is a feasible, acceptable, well-tolerated, and safe treatment for depression, supporting further research on its clinical efficacy.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anna Ratsika, Joana S. Cruz Pereira, Caoimhe M. K. Lynch, Gerard Clarke, John F. Cryan
Summary: There is growing recognition of the gut microbiota's key role in maintaining homeostasis and influencing brain and behavior. Communication between the gut and the brain, mediated by the immune system, appears to be crucial in understanding various neuropsychiatric disorders. This review discusses the factors contributing to the balance between health and disease of these systems and explores the potential mechanistic implications of gut microbiota modulation on host brain and behavior across the lifespan.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Carina Carbia, Thomaz F. S. Bastiaanssen, Luigi Francesco Iannone, Ruben Garcia-Cabrerizo, Serena Boscaini, Kirsten Berding, Conall R. Strain, Gerard Clarke, Catherine Stanton, Timothy G. Dinan, John F. Cryan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of alcohol consumption on the gut microbiome and its association with social cognition, impulsivity, and craving. The results showed that binge drinking was associated with changes in the microbiome and difficulties in emotional recognition. Craving was strongly linked to alterations in the microbiome over time. These findings highlight the role of the gut microbiome as a regulator of social cognition and its relevance for addressing early alcohol-related issues during adolescence.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Monique C. P. Mendonca, Yao Sun, Michael F. Cronin, Andrew J. Lindsay, John F. Cryan, Caitriona M. O'Driscoll
Summary: Huntington's disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by a genetic mutation, and effective treatment options are still lacking. In this study, cyclodextrin-based nanoparticles (CDs) were used as a delivery system for antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to target the mutant huntingtin (mHTT) protein. Modified gamma-CDs showed the highest efficiency in delivering ASOs and successfully downregulated the levels of mHTT protein. Incorporating a brain-targeting peptide into the modified gamma-CDs further improved the downregulation effect. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using CDs as a platform for delivering ASO-based therapeutics for the treatment of HD.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jodi L. Pawluski, Pauline Murail, Florine Grudet, Lena Bys, Anna V. Golubeva, Thomaz Bastiaanssen, Tim F. Oberlander, John F. Cryan, Siobhain M. O'Mahony, Thierry D. Charlier
Summary: This study aimed to determine how peripartum SSRI treatment may prevent the effects of gestational stress on plasticity in the maternal hippocampus, plasticity in the neonatal brain, and related changes in gut microbiota. The findings show significant changes to the maternal microbiome-gut-brain axis that may mediate plasticity in the maternal hippocampus. Additionally, gestational stress has a significant impact on neonatal gut microbiota and brain microglia density, while the effects of SSRIs are limited. This is the first study to explore the impact of gestational stress and SSRIs on the microbiome-gut-brain axis in the mother and neonate.
JOURNAL OF NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Brendan L. Sharvin, Maria Rodriguez Aburto, John F. Cryan
Summary: Research in the last decade has highlighted the important role of gut microbiota in influencing host neurodevelopment and its association with various neurological disorders. Specific brain regions, such as the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and striatum, appear to be susceptible to the effects of changes in the microbiota. Human neuroimaging studies also reveal the impact of microbiota on the functional connectivity and structure of these brain regions, which are linked to cognition and behavior. Understanding these microbiota-mediated changes can help in identifying new therapeutic targets for neurological disorders.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
John R. Kelly, Gerard Clarke, Andrew Harkin, Sinead C. Corr, Stephen Galvin, Vishnu Pradeep, John F. Cryan, Veronica O'Keane, Timothy G. Dinan
Summary: Moving towards a systems psychiatry paradigm involves a comprehensive approach that considers complex interactions at different levels and takes into account external biofeedback signals. The gut microbiome, through the gut-brain axis, plays a critical role in unconscious parallel processing systems. The microbiota-gut-brain axis may have a role in different phases of psychedelic therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Sarah-Jane Leigh, Friederike Uhlig, Lars Wilmes, Paula Sanchez-Diaz, Cassandra E. Gheorghe, Michael S. Goodson, Nancy Kelley-Loughnane, Niall P. Hyland, John F. Cryan, Gerard Clarke
Summary: The physiological consequences of stress often affect the gastrointestinal tract, and understanding the mechanisms behind these effects is important in the fields of neurogastroenterology and psychiatry. Stress-induced changes in the gut can increase susceptibility to gastrointestinal disorders and impair gut-brain communication. The gut microbiota is also sensitive to the effects of stress. This review focuses on different aspects of the gastrointestinal tract, including gut barrier function and gut-brain communication, and discusses the evidence for a role of stress in gastrointestinal disorders.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marguerite M. Nyhan, John F. Cryan
Correction
Clinical Neurology
Richard M. O'Connor, Susan Grenham, Timothy G. Dinan, John F. Cryan
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Hajara Aslam, Mojtaba Lotfaliany, Daniel So, Kirsten Berding, Michael Berk, Tetyana Rocks, Meghan Hockey, Felice N. Jacka, Wolfgang Marx, John F. Cryan, Heidi M. Staudacher
Summary: This study conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of dietary fibers on depressive and anxiety outcomes. The results showed a negative correlation between fiber intake and depressive and anxiety outcomes in observational studies. However, current randomized controlled trials did not support the use of fiber supplementation for improving depressive or anxiety outcomes. Further research, including clinical trials in specific populations and using a wider range of fiber types, is needed.
Correction
Neurosciences
H. Schellekens, G. Ribeiro, C. Cuesta-Marti, J. F. Cryan
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
