Article
Immunology
Sally Sarawar, Claudia R. Gabaglia, Adriana Sanchez, Yasuko Hatta, Peter Dias, Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Pamuk Bilsel
Summary: Seasonal influenza and global pandemics remain a serious threat to public health. Conventional influenza vaccines provide limited protection, but the single-replication vaccine M2SR has shown to offer lasting cross-protection against heterosubtypic influenza viruses due to B cell immune mechanisms in a mouse model.
Review
Immunology
Mark B. Carascal, Rance Derrick N. Pavon, Windell L. Rivera
Summary: This review discusses the progress and advances in the development of recombinant influenza vaccines (RIVs) in the context of heterosubtypic immunity induction for universal vaccine production. Vaccination is considered the most effective strategy against the influenza virus, and RIVs have shown promising potential as universal vaccine candidates.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Karolina Tarasiuk, Anna Kycko, Malgorzata Knitter, Edyta Swieton, Krzysztof Wyrostek, Katarzyna Domanska-Blicharz, Lukasz Bocian, Wlodzimierz Meissner, Krzysztof Smietanka
Summary: This study evaluated the pathogenicity and transmissibility of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N8 subtype Glade 2.3.4.4b in herring gulls. The HPAIV H5N8 virus was highly virulent and lethal for susceptible gulls, causing a broad spectrum of clinical signs and widespread distribution of the virus in organs. Pre-exposure to homologous and heterologous low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) subtypes only partially protected the gulls and affected the disease outcome.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Virology
Hae-Ji Kang, Ki-Back Chu, Keon-Woong Yoon, Gi-Deok Eom, Jie Mao, Min-Ju Kim, Su-Hwa Lee, Eun-Kyung Moon, Fu-Shi Quan
Summary: Research suggests that avian influenza VLP vaccines expressing multiple neuraminidases can provide both homologous and heterosubtypic protection against different subtypes, offering a promising approach for developing a universal influenza A vaccine against avian and human influenza virus infections.
Review
Virology
Xia Lin, Fangmei Lin, Tingting Liang, Mariette F. Ducatez, Mark Zanin, Sook-San Wong
Summary: This review highlights the issue of antibody non-responsiveness after influenza virus infection and vaccination, and discusses biological and technical factors that influence influenza antibody responses, with the aim of providing a more comprehensive understanding for improving influenza vaccines.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dao Nguyen Vinh, Nguyen Thi Duy Nhat, Erwin de Bruin, Nguyen Ha Thao Vy, Tran Thi Nhu Thao, Huynh Thi Phuong, Pham Hong Anh, Stacy Todd, Tran Minh Quan, Nguyen Thi Le Thanh, Nguyen Thi Nam Lien, Nguyen Thi Hong Ha, Tran Thi Kim Hong, Pham Quang Thai, Marc Choisy, Tran Dang Nguyen, Cameron P. Simmons, Guy E. Thwaites, Hannah E. Clapham, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Marion Koopmans, Maciej F. Boni
Summary: The study used principal components analysis to analyze influenza data from Vietnam, establishing the relationship between antibody profiles and age, and estimating annual attack rates for different influenza subtypes. The findings suggest that dimensionality reduction can be used to construct the age-seroprevalence relationship for antigenically variable pathogens.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Lindsay Hill-Batorski, Yasuko Hatta, Michael J. Moser, Sally Sarawar, Gabriele Neumann, Yoshihiro Kawaoka, Pamuk Bilsel
Summary: The novel influenza vaccine platform M2- or BM2-deficient single replication (M2SR and BM2SR) has been shown to induce strong immune responses and protect against drifted influenza strains. In animal models, both monovalent and quadrivalent formulations of M2SR were non-pathogenic and elicited robust neutralizing and non-neutralizing antibody responses. Vaccinated animals demonstrated reduced weight loss, decreased viral replication, and enhanced survival following challenge with wildtype influenza strains. Heterosubtypic cross-protection was observed, with vaccinated animals exhibiting decreased viral titers and eliciting neutralizing antibodies towards drifted strains.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Carly M. Bliss, Alec W. Freyn, Tom G. Caniels, Victor H. Leyva-Grado, Raffael Nachbagauer, Weina Sun, Gene S. Tan, Virginia L. Gillespie, Meagan McMahon, Florian Krammer, Adrian V. S. Hill, Peter Palese, Lynda Coughlan
Summary: Conventional influenza vaccines fail to provide broad protection against diverse influenza A viruses. However, this study presents a non-replicating adenoviral vaccine that can elicit broad and cross-reactive protection against multiple strains of influenza A in mice.
Article
Virology
Julie T. S. Chu, Haogao Gu, Wanying Sun, Rebecca L. Y. Fan, John M. Nicholls, Sophie A. Valkenburg, Leo L. M. Poon
Summary: Rapid antigenic evolution of influenza A virus undermines protection from seasonal vaccines and selects for immune escape mutants. We developed an in vivo mouse model to study viral adaptation and used next generation sequencing to evaluate viral evolution in the context of broad immunity. Heterosubtypic immune pressure increased the occurrence of genome-wide mutations, resulting in the manifestation of highly virulent phenotypes that ablated vaccine mediated protection. Escape variants with high frequency mutations were found in polymerase encoding segments, suggesting the polygenic changes may contribute to the formation of these variants.
Review
Microbiology
Ana Vazquez-Pagan, Stacey Schultz-Cherry
Summary: This article highlights the high risk of severe influenza for pregnant women, newborns, and infants under six months old, emphasizing the importance of vertically transferred immunity. It summarizes novel insights from recent studies and discusses the impact of maternal antibodies on early life immunity, stressing the need for continued research using pregnant animal models and including pregnant women in evaluating novel vaccine platforms.
Article
Immunology
Chris P. Verschoor, Melissa K. Andrew, Mark Loeb, Graham Pawelec, Laura Haynes, George A. Kuchel, Janet E. McElhaney
Summary: Efforts to develop better vaccines for older adults are ongoing, with a focus on identifying correlates of vaccine effectiveness and understanding health outcome heterogeneity. A 4-year randomized trial found that antibody titres for A/H3N2 and IFN-γ:IL-10 ratio increments may be valuable and complementary correlates of protection against laboratory-confirmed influenza illness in vaccinated older adults.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rui Qin, Guanmin Meng, Smruti Pushalkar, Michael A. Carlock, Ted M. Ross, Christine Vogel, Lara K. Mahal
Summary: Understanding the association between glycosylation and vaccine-induced antibody levels is crucial for improving vaccine design and vaccination strategies. A study on Caucasian adults receiving the FLUZONE influenza vaccine found that nonresponders had higher levels of Lewis A antigen (Lea) before vaccination. Glycoproteomic analysis suggested that glycosylation may play a role in modulating complement protein activities, which could be relevant to vaccine responses. Additionally, high responders showed an increase in sialyl Lewis X antigen (sLex) and a decrease in high mannose glycans after vaccination, indicating active modulation of glycosylation by the immune system.
JOURNAL OF PROTEOME RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
James D. Allen, Ted M. Ross
Summary: The study found that broadly-reactive influenza virus vaccine antigens targeting A(H3N2) influenza viruses are more effective at producing cross-reactive antibodies than traditional vaccines, with higher neutralizing capabilities against historical, contemporary, and future drifted influenza strains.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Basudev Paudyal, Adam McNee, Pramila Rijal, B. Veronica Carr, Alejandro Nunez, John McCauley, Rodney S. Daniels, Alain R. Townsend, John A. Hammond, Elma Tchilian
Summary: Prophylactic intravenous administration of specific monoclonal antibodies in pigs showed significant reduction in lung pathology and virus loads, but not consistent reduction in nasal shedding. The effect on lung pathology and virus load is consistent across different doses, suggesting that lower doses may be effective in reducing disease severity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
David E. Stallknecht, Alinde Fojtik, Deborah L. Carter, Jo Anne Crum-Bradley, Daniel R. Perez, Rebecca L. Poulson
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of immune response to influenza A virus (IAV) in migrating mallards in Northwest Minnesota. The results showed a high level of previous infection with IAV early in the fall migration season and a broadening of the antibody response with age. The findings suggest the importance of population immunity in waterfowl populations and the potential for the establishment of introduced IAV.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Erika Ramsdale, Eric Snyder, Eva Culakova, Huiwen Xu, Adam Dziorny, Shuhan Yang, Martin Zand, Ajay Anand
JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Jiong Wang, Dongmei Li, Sheldon Perry, Shannon P. Hilchey, Alexander Wiltse, John J. Treanor, Mark Y. Sangster, Martin S. Zand
Summary: Different H5 priming histories can significantly impact the antibody responses to subsequent H5 vaccination. Long-term priming can enhance antibody responses, and there is a specific association with the initial H5 exposure, reflecting influenza virus immune imprinting. Antibody responses are strongest against the first priming H5 strain, and broad anti-H5 IgG responses are stronger against strains with a small antigenic distance from the initial priming strain.
Article
Immunology
Jiong Wang, Dongmei Li, Qian Zhou, Alexander Wiltse, Martin S. Zand
Summary: The study demonstrates the critical role of preexisting and cross-reactive anti-HCoVs antibodies in the specific antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. The newly developed mPlex-CoV assay, combined with VAMS, allows simultaneous measurement and quantitative analysis of multiple HCoVs antibody levels, showing good analytical performance across three categories of subjects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jiong Wang, Dongmei Li, Andrew Cameron, Qian Zhou, Alexander Wiltse, Jennifer Nayak, Nicole D. Pecora, Martin S. Zand
Summary: A study investigates the effects of preexisting anti-human coronavirus antibodies on SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG responses and disease severity. The results show that COVID-19 subjects have increased levels of anti-S IgG antibodies, which are correlated with antibodies against OC43 and HKU1. However, antibodies against OC43 and HKU1 in pre-COVID-19 era sera do not cross-react with SARS-CoV-2. The study also finds that high levels of anti-OC43 and anti-S2 antibodies are associated with a rapid anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response and increased disease severity.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Michael R. Sherby, Luther G. Kalb, Ryan J. Coller, Gregory P. DeMuri, Sabrina Butteris, John J. Foxe, Martin S. Zand, Edward G. Freedman, Stephen Dewhurst, Jason G. Newland, Christina A. Gurnett
Summary: Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities and children with medical complexity have been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This report describes the implementation of screening testing models to facilitate safe school operations for these high-risk populations during the current and future pandemics.
Article
Microbiology
A. Karim Embong, Phuong Nguyen-Contant, Jiong Wang, Preshetha Kanagaiah, Francisco A. Chaves, Theresa F. Fitzgerald, Qian Zhou, Gabrielle Kosoy, Angela R. Branche, Benjamin L. Miller, Martin S. Zand, Mark Y. Sangster, David J. Topham
Summary: Infection with SARS-CoV-2 leads to strong antibody production. The study shows that pre-existing memory B cells generated by other coronaviruses play a role in recognizing the proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the avidity of IgG antibodies and memory B cells increases after infection.
Article
Immunology
Jiong Wang, Bridget E. Young, Dongmei Li, Antti Seppo, Qian Zhou, Alexander Wiltse, Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn, Katherine Murphy, Kaili Widrick, Nicole Diaz, Joseline Cruz-Vasquez, Kirsi M. Jarvinen, Martin S. Zand
Summary: This study analyzed blood and milk samples from lactating parents who received COVID-19 vaccination or were infected with the disease. The results showed that vaccination increased antibody levels in milk, while infection elicited a broader antibody response. Furthermore, the study found that vaccination and infection might provide passive immunity through breast milk for breastfed infants.
Article
Biology
Shannon P. Hilchey, Mukta G. Palshikar, Eric S. Mendelson, Shichen Shen, Sailee Rasam, Jason A. Emo, Jun Qu, Juilee Thakar, Martin S. Zand
Summary: Coordinated migration of B cells within and between secondary lymphoid tissues is crucial for immune responses. It has been found that low oxygen environments can affect B cell migration and the immunosuppressive calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine A disrupts this process. This study used phosphoproteomics analysis to reveal the important role of LSP1 in cytoskeletal rearrangement in B cells and showed that cyclosporine A treatment decreases LSP1 protein levels. Experimental validation demonstrated that LSP1 levels are correlated with the chemotactic capacity of B cells.
Review
Microbiology
Samantha M. King, Shane P. Bryan, Shannon P. Hilchey, Jiong Wang, Martin S. Zand
Summary: Numerous rigorous studies have demonstrated that early childhood infections have long-lasting effects on the immune system. The concept of immune imprinting, originally known as original antigenic sin, is used to explain how prior antigen exposure shapes memory B-cell responses and the production of antibodies upon subsequent exposure to similar pathogens. This phenomenon has been observed not only in influenza but also in the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Understanding immune imprinting and measuring antigenic distance between strains can potentially lead to improved vaccine design and development for influenza and COVID-19.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Erika F. Augustine, Scott J. Steele, Scott Mcintosh, Laura Sugarwala, Robert J. White, Reza Yousefi-Nooraie, Martin S. Zand, Deborah J. Ossip
Summary: Innovative solutions and engagement of transdisciplinary teams are essential for advancing translational science. Traditional scientific meetings often lack opportunities for active discussions, but an Un-Meeting format was used to overcome this. Results indicated successful multidisciplinary networking, suggesting the potential for advancing team and translational science through the Un-Meeting.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Reza Yousefi Nooraie, Robert J. White, Scott Steele, Erika F. Augustine, Deborah J. Ossip, Martin S. Zand
Summary: This study explores the conceptual diversity and clusterization of ideas generated through an Opioid Crisis Un-Meeting using semantic analysis and conceptual mapping. The results show that the non-traditional format of the Un-Meeting facilitates cross-disciplinary collaborations and supports the development of diverse translational teams.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Raquel Ruiz, Alfred Vitale, Ann Schwartz, Deborah Ossip, Martin S. Zand, Ann Dozier, Leonard E. Egede
Summary: This article describes a methodology for the development of a diverse clinical and translational science workforce. The study evaluates the importance of recruiting and retaining underrepresented persons and women in order to advance the field of translational science.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Raquel Ruiz, Ann Schwartz, Elissa Orlando, Deborah Ossip, Martin S. Zand, Ann Dozier
Summary: This article introduces the Common Metrics Initiative by the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences and the Insights to Inspire project to disseminate and communicate strategies and lessons learned regarding data insights. The project employs a mixed methods approach to translate data into actionable intelligence and communicates the findings through various channels.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE
(2022)