Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Erika Cortes-Macias, Marta Selma-Royo, Karla Rio-Aige, Christine Bauerl, Maria Jose Rodriguez-Lagunas, Cecilia Martinez-Costa, Francisco J. Perez-Cano, Maria Carmen Collado
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of milk microbiota, cytokine, and adipokine profiles on the risk of overweight in infants at 12 months of life and identify possible mechanisms of host-microbe interactions. The findings indicated that milk microbiota and cytokines were associated with infant development. Further research is needed to understand the specific effects of milk microbiota and cytokines on infant growth and the risk of overweight.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jigna M. Dharod, Kristen S. McElhenny, Jasmine M. DeJesus
Summary: We found that infants fed with formula only had a higher calorie intake and a 3-fold higher risk of rapid weight gain compared to breastmilk only or combined breastmilk and formula feeding. Exceeding daily calorie requirements or overfeeding was associated with the amount and frequency of formula feeding. It is important to develop specific guidelines and provide education on formula feeding practices to prevent excessive growth in infants.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Veronica Perea, Andreu Simo-Servat, Carmen Quiros, Nuria Alonso-Carril, Maite Valverde, Xavier Urquizu, Antonio J. Amor, Eva Lopez, Maria-Jose Barahona
Summary: This study found that pregestational obesity is associated with a higher risk of ADHD in offspring of GDM pregnancies. However, excessive weight gain during pregnancy does not have an independent effect on ADHD risk. Only the joint association of obesity and excessive weight gain during pregnancy remains significant in relation to ADHD risk.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Ksawery Golawski, Wojciech Giermaziak, Michal Ciebiera, Cezary Wojtyla
Summary: Adequate weight gain during pregnancy is important for a healthy pregnancy, but excessive weight gain is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Based on a Polish national survey of 10,319 women and 6930 children, excessive gestational weight gain is associated with higher birthweight, increased risk of birthweight over 4500 g, cesarean section/assisted delivery, pregnancy induced hypertension, hospitalization during pregnancy, and lower Apgar score in the first minute of neonate's life. However, there was no significant difference in premature rupture of membranes and labor inductions. Our study highlights the increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes with excessive gestational weight gain.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Douglas Tremblay, Mikaela Dougherty, John Mascarenhas, Emily Jane Gallagher
Summary: Weight gain is a common side effect of ruxolitinib, and this study suggests that it may be related to changes in whole body energy expenditure.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Yuying Qiu, Meijuan Li, Yonghui Zhang, Ying Liu, Yongping Zhao, Jing Zhang, Qiong Jia, Jie Li
Summary: Berberine could reduce weight gain in schizophrenia patients, with significant weight loss observed in the berberine group compared to placebo. The effect may be related to the regulation of leptin levels.
ASIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rizaldy C. Zapata, Dinghong Zhang, Besma Chaudry, Olivia Osborn
Summary: Preclinical studies in mice often use invasive protocols to deliver drugs, which can impact metabolic parameters. An alternative approach is to mix drugs with highly palatable food, allowing mice to self-administer them and reduce stress. This method enables reliable and rapid drug intake compared to traditional injection or gavage methods.
JOVE-JOURNAL OF VISUALIZED EXPERIMENTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Hasan Mohammad, Esra Senol, Martin Graf, Chun-Yao Lee, Qin Li, Qing Liu, Xin Yi Yeo, Menghan Wang, Achilleas Laskaratos, Fuqiang Xu, Sarah Xinwei Luo, Sangyong Jung, George J. Augustine, Yu Fu
Summary: Obesity primarily results from overconsumption of food, with eating in obese individuals driven more by external cues than internal physiological needs. A specific population of somatostatin neurons in the mouse hypothalamic tuberal nucleus respond to palatable food and facilitate contextually conditioned feeding through interactions with the subiculum.Activation of these neurons and their synaptic inputs play critical roles in non-homeostatic feeding driven by environmental context.
NATURE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Isabella Gaziano, Svenja Corneliussen, Nasim Biglari, Rene Neuhaus, Linyan Shen, Tamara Sotelo-Hitschfeld, Paul Klemm, Lukas Steuernagel, Alain J. De Solis, Weiyi Chen, F. Thomas Wunderlich, Peter Kloppenburg, Jens C. Bruening
Summary: This study reveals the differential effects of dopamine on neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, with activation of food intake-promoting neurons and inhibition of anorexigenic neurons. By targeting specific POMC neurons, it is found that dopamine-mediated inhibition of feeding depends on the Drd2 receptor, and POMCDrd2+ neurons exhibit differential expression of neuropeptide signaling mediators. Chemogenetic activation of POMCDrd2+ neurons can suppress feeding and maintain body temperature.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nikolaj H. Schmidt, Pia Svendsen, Julian Albarran-Juarez, Soren K. Moestrup, Jacob Fog Bentzon
Summary: Feeding high-fructose diets to pigs led to upregulation of hepatic DNL proteins but did not result in steatosis or hepatocellular ballooning, suggesting pigs rely on adipose tissue rather than liver for de novo lipogenesis in response to fructose, which differs from rodents and humans who develop NAFLD when exposed to high-fructose diets.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Insaf Kouba, Jaclyn Del Pozzo, Martin L. L. Lesser, Disha Shahani, Moti Gulersen, Luis A. A. Bracero, Matthew J. J. Blitz
Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify the socioeconomic and clinical factors associated with Excessive Gestational Weight Gain (EGWG). The results showed that EGWG was associated with being of Black race, being an English speaker, being overweight or obese before pregnancy, and having a mood disorder diagnosis. On the other hand, patients who were underweight, multiparous, and those with gestational diabetes were less likely to have EGWG.
ARCHIVES OF GYNECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Shangang Zhao, Qian Lin, Wei Xiong, Li Li, Leon Straub, Dinghong Zhang, Rizaldy Zapata, Qingzhang Zhu, Xue-Nan Sun, Zhuzhen Zhang, Jan-Bernd Funcke, Chao Li, Shiuhwei Chen, Yi Zhu, Nisi Jiang, Guannan Li, Ziying Xu, Steven C. Wyler, May-Yun Wang, Juli Bai, Xianlin Han, Christine M. Kusminski, Ningyan Zhang, Zhiqiang An, Joel K. Elmquist, Olivia Osborn, Chen Liu, Philipp E. Scherer
Summary: Antipsychotic drugs can cause weight gain and diabetes, and hyperleptinemia plays a key role. Suppression of leptin rise can reduce the adverse effects of these drugs.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mei-Yan Xu, Yan-Jun Guo, Li-Juan Zhang, Qing-Bin Lu
Summary: This study demonstrates that individualized weight management is still effective for pregnant women with excessive weight gain in the second or third trimester, and can decrease the associated adverse outcomes.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Cristina Silva-Jose, Miguel Sanchez-Polan, Ruben Barakat, Angeles Diaz-Blanco, Vanessa Carrero Martinez, Fatima Garcia Benasach, Irune Alzola, Michelle F. Mottola, Ignacio Refoyo
Summary: This study examined the effects of a virtual exercise program on maternal weight gain during pregnancy in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings showed that pregnant individuals in the intervention group had lower rates of excessive weight gain and overall lower weight gain compared to the control group. Subgroup analysis based on pre-pregnancy body mass index also revealed significant differences in weight gain between the two groups for normal-weight and overweight participants. These results suggest that a virtual exercise program can be a valuable tool for managing maternal weight gain during the pandemic.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Beatriz Ferrer, Lisa M. Prince, Alexey A. Tinkov, Abel Santamaria, Marcelo Farina, Joao Batista Rocha, Aaron B. Bowman, Michael Aschner
Summary: Studies have shown that methylmercury enhances leptin effects in male mice, leading to anorexigenic behavior, with different impacts on the leptin signaling pathway in males and females. Understanding the molecular alterations induced by methylmercury in the hypothalamus advances knowledge of its neurotoxicity and potential for novel therapies.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jing Wu, Larry N. Agbor, Shi Fang, Masashi Mukohda, Anand R. Nair, Pablo Nakagawa, Avika Sharma, Donald A. Morgan, Justin L. Grobe, Kamal Rahmouni, Robert M. Weiss, James A. McCormick, Curt D. Sigmund
Summary: Our study found that mice expressing a dominant-negative mutation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in vascular smooth muscle developed salt-sensitive hypertension during a high salt diet, with impaired vasodilation in systemic and renal vessels occurring before hypertension onset. The impairment of vasodilation after salt loading led to increased peripheral vascular resistance.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Leticia Maria de Souza Cordeiro, Arwa Elsheikh, Nagavardhini Devisetty, Donald A. Morgan, Steven N. Ebert, Kamal Rahmouni, Kavaljit H. Chhabra
Summary: The study found that MC4R-deficient mice, whether obese or weight-matched, exhibited improved glucose tolerance due to increased glucosuria. Selective MC4R deficiency in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) lowered the renal threshold for glucose as measured by a graded [C-13(6)]glucose infusion technique. MC4R deficiency also suppressed renal sympathetic nerve activity and decreased circulating adrenaline and renal GLUT2 levels in mice, contributing to elevated glucosuria.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Patricia Seoane-Collazo, Carlos Dieguez, Ruben Nogueiras, Kamal Rahmouni, Jose Manuel Fernandez-Real, Miguel Lopez
Summary: Nicotine exerts significant regulatory effects on energy balance through various pathways, affecting body weight and energy metabolism, and may have potential value as a complementary approach to obesity treatment given the limited efficiency of current therapies.
PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
John J. Reho, Deng-Fu Guo, Donald A. Morgan, Kamal Rahmouni
Summary: mTORC1 functions as a molecular hub and intracellular energy sensor regulating various cellular processes, showing strong implications for cardiovascular function and diseases. Selective disruption of mTORC1 through conditional Raptor gene deletion in endothelial or smooth muscle cells alters vascular function. Endothelial-specific Raptor deletion reduces relaxation responses in the aorta, while smooth muscle cell-specific deletion reduces both endothelial- and smooth muscle-dependent relaxation responses in the aorta, indicating a critical role of mTORC1 signaling in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle function.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mohamed Rouabhi, Deng-Fu Guo, Donald A. Morgan, Zhiyong Zhu, Miguel Lopez, Leonid Zingman, Justin L. Grobe, Kamal Rahmouni
Summary: The study revealed that the SF1 neuron BBSome is crucial for regulating energy homeostasis by modulating sympathetic nervous system activity, affecting body weight, fat content, and energy expenditure. Additionally, the SF1 neuron BBSome plays a key role in the development of obesity-related comorbidities.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Physiology
John J. Reho, Deng-Fu Guo, Andreas M. Beyer, Lauren Wegman-Points, Gary L. Pierce, Kamal Rahmouni
Summary: The study suggests that obesity leads to increased vascular mTORC1 signaling, but this activation does not seem to be necessary for the development of endothelial dysfunction in obesity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephen A. Harrison, Peter J. Ruane, Bradley L. Freilich, Guy Neff, Rashmee Patil, Cynthia A. Behling, Chen Hu, Erica Fong, Brittany de Temple, Erik J. Tillman, Timothy P. Rolph, Andrew Cheng, Kitty Yale
Summary: The study demonstrated the efficacy of efruxifermin in treating NASH by significantly reducing HFF levels in patients, with an acceptable safety profile.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Erik J. Tillman, William J. Brock, Tim Rolph
Summary: Efruxifermin is an FGF21 analogue that can reduce weight gain and decrease urine volume without increasing sympathetic tone.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Yuying Zhao, Kamal Rahmouni
Summary: The BBSome is a protein complex associated with Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) and has been linked to various cardiovascular conditions. It was initially believed to be involved in cilia function, but further studies have shown its role in multiple cellular processes, including receptor localization and gene expression. Animal models have helped uncover the importance of the BBSome in cardiovascular regulation, such as blood pressure control, renal function, vascular reactivity, and cardiac development. The BBSome also plays a critical role in key systems involved in cardiovascular control, including the renin-angiotensin system.
Article
Physiology
Madeliene Stump, Deng Fu Guo, Kamal Rahmouni
Summary: Bsardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a genetic condition associated with various clinical features. This study shows that mice lacking the Bbs1 gene in T cells have smaller spleens and impaired skin repair, suggesting an important role of the BBSome in immune function and skin repair.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Younes Rouabhi, Deng-Fu Guo, Yuying Zhao, Kamal Rahmouni
Summary: The BBSome protein complex plays an important role in metabolic regulation, especially in skeletal muscle and liver. Disruption of the BBSome in skeletal muscle has minimal effects on body weight and glucose handling, but improves insulin sensitivity in female mice. On the other hand, loss of the BBSome in hepatocytes leads to increased body weight, impaired glucose handling, and insulin sensitivity due to attenuated insulin signaling and reduced insulin receptor levels in the plasma membrane caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Mikiko Watanabe, Garima Singhal, Ffolliott M. Fisher, Thomas C. Beck, Donald A. Morgan, Fabio Socciarelli, Marie L. Mather, Renata Risi, Jared Bourke, Kamal Rahmouni, Owen P. McGuinness, Jeffrey S. Flier, Eleftheria Maratos-Flier