Article
Immunology
Shengtao Fan, Yun Liao, Guorun Jiang, Lichun Wang, Heng Zhao, Li Yu, Xingli Xu, Dandan Li, Ying Zhang, Qihan Li
Summary: The study developed a bivalent inactivated EV71/CA16 vaccine that, when administered via the intradermal route, activated innate immunity and induced neutralizing antibodies and specific T cellular responses in adult mice. This successful induction of specific protective antiviral immunity suggests that immunization with this vaccine elicits effective immunity against EV71 and CA16 infection.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pirom Noisumdaeng, Pilaipan Puthavathana
Summary: This study characterized the molecular evolution of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) viruses in Thailand over a period of twenty years. The findings revealed the co-circulation and subgenotypic changes of the major pathogens causing HFMD outbreaks. The study provided valuable insights into molecular epidemiology and supported the development and implementation of genotype-matched vaccines.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Jin Luo, Chunling Huo, Huan Qin, Junhong Hu, Lei Lei, Zishu Pan
Summary: This study prepared EV71-VLP and its chimeras, finding that the chimeras provided better cross-protection against CA16 infection compared to EV71-VLP, and induced potent cellular immune responses while decreasing Th2 type cytokine secretion.
Article
Immunology
Zhong Zhang, Yang Liu, Fengfeng Liu, Minrui Ren, Taoran Nie, Jinzhao Cui, Zhaorui Chang, Zhongjie Li
Summary: This study analyzed laboratory-confirmed HFMD outbreaks in mainland China between 2011 to 2018 and found that EV-A71, CV-A16, and CV-A6 are the three most common serotypes causing HFMD, with strong transmission among children.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eun-Je Yi, Young-In Kim, Seung-Yeon Kim, Sung Hyun Ahn, Hyoung Jin Lee, Bohyun Suh, Jaelim Yu, Jeehye Park, Yoon Jung Lee, Eunju Jung, Sun-Young Chang
Summary: Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral infectious disease mainly caused by coxsackievirus (CV) and enterovirus (EV) in children under 5 years old. In the absence of efficient therapeutics, vaccines play a crucial role in preventing HFMD. A bivalent vaccine is needed to provide broad coverage against both CV and EV. This study used Mongolian gerbils as an animal model to investigate the efficacy of a bivalent inactivated EV71 C4a and inactivated CVA16 vaccine. The results showed that the bivalent vaccine induced increased production of Ag-specific IgG antibodies, activated T cell-biased cytokine responses, mitigated paralytic signs, increased survival rate, and decreased viral amplification, indicating its potential as a safe and effective HFMD vaccine candidate.
BIOMOLECULES & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Xiu Hui Tan, Wei Lim Chong, Vannajan Sanghiran Lee, Syahril Abdullah, Kartini Jasni, Saiful Qushairi Suarni, David Perera, I-Ching Sam, Yoke Fun Chan
Summary: HFMD is a childhood disease caused by EV-A71 and CV-A16. The capsid loops play a crucial role in the immunogenicity of these viruses. Substituting CV-A16 loops into EV-A71 disrupted its immunogenicity.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Xiaolan Yuan, Ziwei Liu, Li Wan, Wei Liu, Yan Huang, Shuang Cao
Summary: This report provides a detailed introduction to the background, gene and protein structures of CV-A16, a major virus causing hand, foot and mouth disease, and summarizes the current advances in pharmaceutical targets and drug research.
FUTURE MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Sha-Sha Qian, Zhen-Ni Wei, Wei-Ping Jin, Jie Wu, Yan-Ping Zhou, Sheng-Li Meng, Jing Guo, Ze-Jun Wang, Shuo Shen
Summary: This study established an actively immunized-challenged mouse model to evaluate the efficacy of an inactivated CV-A6 vaccine candidate. The results showed that immunized mice had higher survival rates, lower virus loads, and weaker pathological changes compared to control mice. Additionally, increased levels of inflammatory cytokines were observed in the control group.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chao Zhang, Caixuan Liu, Jinping Shi, Yalei Wang, Cong Xu, Xiaohua Ye, Qingwei Liu, Xue Li, Weihua Qiao, Yannan Yin, Yao Cong, Zhong Huang
Summary: This study comprehensively investigates the functions and working mechanisms of two CVA16-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and demonstrates their efficacy in preventing and treating CVA16 infection in a mouse model. The study provides important information for the design and development of effective CVA16 vaccines and antibody therapies.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yaping Chen, Yanhui Xiao, Ying Ye, Feng Jiang, Hanqing He, Linyun Luo, Haiping Chen, Lubin Shi, Qiuyue Mu, Wei Chen, Xue Guo, Min Zhang, Jun Li, Qinghu Guan, Zhiping Chen, Xiaoming Yang
Summary: This study demonstrates that in infants, coadministration of an inactivated enterovirus 71 vaccine (EV71 vaccine) with trivalent split-virion inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) is safe and does not interfere with immunogenicity.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yi-Sheng Sun, Yong Xia, Fang Xu, Hang-Jing Lu, Zi-An Mao, Meng Gao, Tian-Yuan Pan, Ping-Ping Yao, Zhen Wang, Han-Ping Zhu
Summary: This study isolated a high-growth CVA16 virus strain and developed an MRC-5-adapted vaccine candidate strain. The inactivated whole-virus vaccine produced by this strain induced an effective antibody response and provided cross-protection against different strains.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Everlyn Kamau, Dung Nguyen, Cristina Celma, Soile Blomqvist, Peter Horby, Peter Simmonds, Heli Harvala
Summary: The seroprevalence of EV-A71 and CVA6 viruses increases with age, reaching over 75% by 10 years old, but antibody titers decline after 20 years. Despite a marked increase in CVA6-related HFMD incidence from 2010, age profiles for acquiring infections and mean titers remained comparable in the three testing years. This suggests a change in CVA6's pathogenicity over the 11-year study period, as indicated by seroprevalence data.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Virology
Yanli Chen, Heng Li, Jinxi Yang, Huiwen Zheng, Lei Guo, Weiyu Li, Zening Yang, Jie Song, Longding Liu
Summary: Transgenic mice expressing human SCARB2 were infected with CA16 via the respiratory route, showing signs of neural infection with viral replication observed in the lung and brain tissues. The histopathological findings included interstitial pneumonia and diffuse punctate hemorrhages, along with high levels of inflammatory cytokines detected in nasal mucosa, lungs and brain tissues. This model provides insights into the pathogenesis of CA16-associated respiratory and neurological diseases.
Article
Virology
Lina Yi, Hanri Zeng, Huanying Zheng, Jinju Peng, Xue Guo, Leng Liu, Qianling Xiong, Limei Sun, Xiaohua Tan, Jianfeng He, Jing Lu, Hui Li
Summary: The study revealed irregular patterns of CV-A16 infections in Guangdong, with continuously high infection rates from 2008 to 2014, a decrease in activity from 2015 to 2017, and a resurgence in 2018-2019. Subgenotype B1a was predominant from 2008 to 2012, but was replaced by B1b from 2013 onwards. Phylogenetic analysis suggested endemic circulation of CV-A16 strains with occasional transmissions between regions, and the re-emergence of B1a in 2016-2019 in Guangdong was likely due to introductions from Southeast Asia.
ARCHIVES OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Amita Sripattaraphan, Kamonpan Sanachai, Warinthorn Chavasiri, Siwaporn Boonyasuppayakorn, Phornphimon Maitarad, Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
Summary: Outbreaks of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by Coxsackievirus-A16 (CV-A16) and Enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) have led to a need for effective treatments. In this study, 50 novel rupintrivir analogs were designed against CV-A16 and EV-A71 using computational tools. Five compounds, namely P1'-1, P2-m3, P3-4, P4-5, and P4-19, showed better binding affinity with 3C protease (3Cpro) of both CV-A16 and EV-A71 compared to rupintrivir. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that P2-m3 displayed the greatest potential for interaction with the 3Cpro target, forming stronger hydrogen bonds with specific residues and showing lower binding free energies. These designed rupintrivir analogs provide a basis for the development of candidate compounds for HFMD treatment.
Article
Biology
Essam H. Ibrahim, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Hamed A. Ghramh, Mona Kilany
Summary: The study found that both symptomatic and asymptomatic Saudi individuals infected with the novel coronavirus have IgG and IgM antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, with higher titers in symptomatic patients. Using N + S proteins as antibody capture antigens in ELISA greatly increased detectability of infection.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
A. Al-Ojeery, E. Ibrahim, E. Shalaan, A. Inoue, F. Al-Marzouki
Summary: A nano-porous glassy Zr60Al5Ni30Pd5 skeleton structure alloy was prepared by electrochemical etching treatment, showing enrichment of Ni and Pd elements on the nano-porous surface, leading to enhanced reaction activity and corrosion resistance.
JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Essam H. Ibrahim, Mohammed Asiri, Mona Kilany, Ahmad Alshehri, Ali G. Alkhathami, Kareem Morsy, Harish C. Chandramoorthy
Summary: The study found that the ethanolic extract of Coccinia indica exhibited inhibitory effects on MRSA, Candida auris, and Streptococcus pyogenes, while showing weaker effects on E. coli and Trichophyton rubrum. The aqueous extract did not show any inhibitory effects. The results demonstrate concentration-dependent antibacterial and antifungal activities of the plant extract, suggesting its potential in combating multidrug resistance.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ali S. Alshehri, Attalla F. El-Kott, Ayman E. El-Kenawy, Mohamed Samir A. Zaki, Kareem Morsy, Reham A. Ghanem, Eman T. Salem, Eman R. Ebealy, Heba S. Khalifa, Ahmed E. Altyar, Hussah I. M. AlGwaiz, Essam H. Ibrahim, Mohammed S. Mahmoud, Mohammad A. Dallak, Eman M. Abd-Ella
Summary: This study demonstrates that kaempferol has a nephroprotective effect against cadmium-induced nephropathy by reducing kidney damage, improving kidney function, and attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. It achieves these effects by suppressing NF-kappa B p65 and activating Nrf2.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Essam H. Ibrahim, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Hamed A. Ghramh, Hani Alothaid, Mona Kilany, Kareem Morsy, Attalla F. El-kott, Ramadan Taha, Haitham El-Mekkawy, Gamal A. EL-Shaboury, Ahmed A. El-Mansi, Mohammed E. A. Mohammed, Mahmoud A. Sayed, Ibrahim S. Yahia
Summary: The study demonstrates that Origanum majorana leaf acetone extract has anti-colorectal cancer effects by inducing cell division arrest and apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Badria M. AL-Shehri, Reham M. Mashat, Rahaf M. H. Alshareef, Wed Mohammed Ali Alaerjani, Khalid Ali Khan, Hamed A. Ghramh, Essam H. Ibrahim, Majed A. Bajaber, Abdulaziz A. Zarbah, Mohammed Elimam Ahamed Mohammed
Summary: This study investigated the presence of artificial sweeteners in honey samples from Asir region-Saudi Arabia and measured their concentration along with glucose oxidase (GOX) activity and other quality parameters. The results showed that Acacia and Zizphus honey samples contained high amounts of sorbitol and trace levels of xylitol. The floral origin and year of harvest significantly influenced the pH, electric conductivity, and acidity of the honey samples.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
F. El-Sayed, Mai S. A. Hussien, T. H. AlAbdulaal, Abdel-Haleem Abdel-Aty, H. Y. Zahran, I. S. Yahia, Mohamed Sh. Abdel-wahab, Essam H. Ibrahim, Medhat A. Ibrahim, Hanan Elhaes
Summary: Cationic dye (methylene blue) and anionic dye (carmine) degradation were demonstrated using SrO and G-SrO NPs. The efficacy of photocatalysis and electro & photo-electrocatalytic oxidation in degrading carmine dye was compared. The study found that graphene-modified SrO nanoparticles showed improved photocatalytic activity and the 0.25G-SrO catalyst achieved high degradation efficiency for methylene blue dye under UV light.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Essam H. Ibrahim, Mohammed Asiri, Mona Kilany, Ali G. Alkhathami, Mohammed N. Alshahrani, Harish C. Chandramoorthy
Summary: The addition of lycopene to the extract enhances the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, showing potential inhibition against multidrug-resistant bacteria.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
K. Morsy, S. B. Dajem, A. Alghamdi, A. El-kott, E. Ibrahim, K. Attia, A. Al-Doaiss, H. El-Mekkawy, N. Sheraba, A. Baiomy, M. Fahmy, F. Shalaby
Summary: In 2020, 52 marine fish specimens were caught from boat landing sites along the Alexandria coast in Egypt. Among them, 30 fish were found to be infected with three different parasitic species, which can negatively impact fish health and lead to consumers rejecting the fish.
ARQUIVO BRASILEIRO DE MEDICINA VETERINARIA E ZOOTECNIA
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Kareem Morsy, Saad Bin Dajem, Mohammed Al-Kahtani, Attalla El-Kott, Essam Ibrahim, Hamida Hamdi, Amin Al-Doaiss, Mohamed Abumandour, Haitham El-Mekkawy, Diaa Massoud, Asmaa Adel, Shams Abd El-Kareem
Summary: Members of the order Trypanorhyncha are cestode parasites that infect the muscles of marine fish, affecting fish health and consumer behavior. This study identified four different species of parasites and confirmed their taxonomic position through molecular analysis. The results emphasize the importance of removing parasites during the commercialization of fish.
REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE PARASITOLOGIA VETERINARIA
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Essam Hassan Ibrahim, Mohammad Yahya Alshahrani, Hamed Ali Ghramh, Hani Alothaid, Mona Kilany, Kareem Morsy, Ramadan Taha, Khalid Mushabab Al Syaad, Haitham Ibrahim El-Mekkawy, Gamal Awad EL-Shaboury, Ahmed Abdel Aziz El-Mansi, Ahmad Alamri, Mahmoud Ahmed Sayed, Ibrahim Sayed Yahia, Rahaf Mohammed Hussein Alshareef, Badria Mohammed Al-Shehri, Mohammed Elimam Ahamed Mohammed
Summary: This study investigated the biological effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract (MOE) alone or in combination with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on colon cancer and microbial cell growth. The results showed that MOE had mild antibacterial effects and increased apoptosis and p53 protein expression in colon cancer cells. MOE also arrested cell cycle at G2/M phase and stimulated splenic cell growth. Both extract preparations exhibited antioxidant activities. Thus, MOE can be utilized as an anticancer agent.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hamed A. Ghramh, Rahmah N. Al-Qthanin, Zubair Ahmad, Khalid Ali Khan, Essam H. Ibrahim, Habeeb Mansour A. Al-Solami, Ahlam Khalofah, Abeer Alahmari, Farhat S. Khan, Asma N. Asiri, Sally Negm, Mogbel Ahmed Abdalla El-Niweri, Fawziah M. Asiri
Summary: This study investigated the larvicidal toxicity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from the ethanol extract of S. palmeri against 4th instar larvae of Ae aegypti. The results showed that the silver nanoparticles were more effective in killing mosquitoes compared to the original extract.
FRESENIUS ENVIRONMENTAL BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Essam H. Ibrahim, Attalla F. El-kott, Ali Alshehri, Mona Kilany, Reza Yavari, Salahud Din, Diaa Massoud
Summary: The morphology and histology of the tongue in two adult Asian bears were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy, revealing four types of papillae. The tongue was covered by a keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, with a dense connective tissue making up the lamina propria and thick masses of striated muscles forming the bulk of the tongue. Lingual salivary glands with seromucous secretions were also present in the lingual root.
PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hamed A. Ghramh, Rahmah N. Al-Qthanin, Zubair Ahmad, Essam H. Ibrahim, Mona Kilany, Khalid Ali Khan, Habeeb Mansour A. Al-Solami, Ahlam Khalofah, Abeer Alahmari, Farhat S. Khan, Ahmad M. Alamri, Asma N. Asiri, Fawziah M. Asiri
Summary: This study demonstrates that silver nanoparticles synthesized using Artemisia annua extract have significant antibacterial and larvicidal activity, with a stimulatory effect on normal splenocytes.
SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hamed A. Ghramh, Rahmah N. Al-Qthanin, Zubair Ahmad, Essam H. Ibrahim, Mona Kilany, Khalid Ali Khan, Habeeb Mansour A. Al-Solami, Ahlam Khalofah, Abeer Alahmari, Farhat S. Khan, Ahmad M. Alamri, Asma N. Asiri, Fawziah M. Asiri
Summary: Gold nanoparticles (MiAuNPs) synthesized using an eco-friendly method with Melilotus indicus L. extract showed significant antimicrobial, anticancer, and larvicidal activities, inhibiting the growth of various microorganisms and cell lines while displaying toxic effects on larvae of the common house mosquito.
SCIENCE OF ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)