Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Maria Grazia Lain, Paula Vaz, Marco Sanna, Nalia Ismael, Sergio Chicumbe, Teresa Beatriz Simione, Anna Cantarutti, Gloria Porcu, Stefano Rinaldi, Lesley de Armas, Vinh Dinh, Suresh Pallikkuth, Rajendra Pahwa, Paolo Palma, Nicola Cotugno, Savita Pahwa
Summary: This study described the viral response over a two-year follow-up period for 39 perinatally HIV-infected infants in Mozambique who initiated treatment at one month of age. The findings showed a low rate of viral load suppression and a high rate of viral rebound. More frequent monitoring of viral response and timely adherence support for infants experiencing rebound are recommended. Tailored psychosocial support and differentiated service delivery should be provided for mother-baby pairs.
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Joseph Paez Chavez, Karunia Putra Wijaya, Carla M. A. Pinto, Clara Burgos-Simon
Summary: Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease characterized by insufficient production of insulin. This paper proposes a cell model to explain the development of T1D in HIV-infected individuals during immune restoration and antiretroviral therapy. The study verifies theoretical predictions through numerical simulations and establishes accurate parameter thresholds for effective disease treatment.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chloe A. Teasdale, Michelle Choy, Fatima Tsiouris, Eduarda Pimentel De Gusmao, Etelvino C. P. Banqueiro, Aleny Couto, Kwalila Tibana, Nicole Flowers, Marilena Urso, Mirriah Vitale, Elaine J. Abrams
Summary: Repeat HIV testing for pregnant and breastfeeding women in Mozambique showed low testing yield among women in antenatal care (ANC) and child welfare clinics (CWC). Only a small proportion of eligible pregnant women and HIV-exposed infants were retested and tested positive.
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jie Zhou, Jingyi Yun, Xinxin Ye, Wen Liu, Wenhan Xiao, Peige Song, Hongmei Wang
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of interventions targeting antiretroviral adherence in HIV-infected pregnant women. The study found that enhanced standard of care, enhanced standard of care with a supporter, and device reminder were significant interventions for improving medication adherence.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Maganizo B. Chagomerana, Jessie K. Edwards, Lauren C. Zalla, Nicole B. Carbone, Godfrey T. Banda, Innocent A. Mofolo, Mina C. Hosseinipour, Michael E. Herce
Summary: In Malawi, women with a last positive HIV test during breastfeeding have a higher risk of mother-to-child transmission. Delaying testing until the postpartum period may result in increased MTCT risk.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Barbara Rossetti, Massimiliano Fabbiani, Domenico Di Carlo, Francesca Incardona, Ana Abecasis, Perpetua Gomes, Anna Maria Geretti, Carole Seguin-Devaux, Federico Garcia, Rolf Kaiser, Sara Modica, Adrian Shallvari, Anders Sonnerborg, Maurizio Zazzi
Summary: This large multi-cohort study indicates high effectiveness of elvitegravir- or dolutegravir-based first-line ART in routine practice across Europe. Factors such as baseline viral load and CD4 cell count can affect the treatment outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Clara Pons-Duran, Aina Casellas, Azucena Bardaji, Anifa Vala, Esperanca Sevene, Llorenc Quinto, Eusebio Macete, Clara Menendez, Raquel Gonzalez
Summary: The study found that in sub-Saharan Africa, the interaction between adolescence and HIV infection could impact maternal health, with adolescent women possibly facing higher risks of maternal morbidity and adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Peilin Cao, Yifan Zhang, Guangyan Dong, Hongkun Wu, Yuxiang Yang, Yi Liu
Summary: The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical oral status and investigate the effect of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on oral flora diversity in HIV-infected/AIDS patients. The study found that demographic indicators such as age, sex, marital status, income level, smoking, and oral health behaviors had an impact on periodontal and dental health indicators in HIV-infected/AIDS patients. Most of these patients had oral manifestations such as candidiasis, salivary gland disease, AIDS-associated periodontitis, and oral ulcers. HAART may play a crucial role in maintaining the salivary microecological balance in AIDS patients, and early initiation of HAART could be important in preventing oral lesions.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ines Mendoza, Alicia Lazaro, Alfredo Espinosa, Lorenzo Sanchez, Ana Maria Horta, Miguel Torralba
Summary: This study shows that dolutegravir plus lamivudine (2-DR) is not as effective as bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (3-DR) in treating HIV-1. However, the durability and safety of 2-DR are similar to 3-DR.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Lara Lorenzetti, Mandy Swann, Andres Martinez, Amy O'Regan, Jamilah Taylor, Alexis Hoyt
Summary: The study found that cash inflows in the economic lives of PMTCT participants were large and erratic, while outflows were small but consistent. PMTCT expenses comprised a small proportion of overall expenses and focused on proper nutrition. The research indicates an association between economic stability and treatment adherence.
Article
Biophysics
Divya Soundararajan, Lakshmi Narashimhan Ramana, Prakash Shankaran, Uma Maheswari Krishnan
Summary: Nanotechnology-based interventions have the potential to improve the therapeutic efficacy of antiretroviral drugs for HIV infections. The use of nanocarriers for drug delivery is gaining momentum, offering the possibility to overcome some of the disadvantages associated with conventional drugs.
COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Annie Kalibwe Mkandawire, Vincent Jumbe, Alinane Linda Nyondo-Mipando
Summary: This study explores the experiences of newly diagnosed HIV-infected pregnant women in Blantyre, Malawi, in disclosing their HIV status to their male sexual partners. The study finds that women are motivated to disclose in order to have an HIV-free baby, know their partners' status, and address how they got infected. Challenges in the disclosure process include uncertainty about the partner's reaction, fear of relationship dissolution, and the partner's soberness.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tinei Shamu, Cleophas Chimbetete, Matthias Egger, Tinashe Mudzviti
Summary: This study investigated OPLHIV patients aged 50 and above receiving ART in sub-Saharan Africa, finding high prevalence of hypertension as a common comorbidity, with being unmarried or unemployed being significant predictors of mortality, while better immune competence was protective against mortality.
Article
Microbiology
Stefano Rinaldi, Lesley de Armas, Sara Dominguez-Rodriguez, Suresh Pallikkuth, Vinh Dinh, Li Pan, Kathleen Gartner, Rajendra Pahwa, Nicola Cotugno, Pablo Rojo, Eleni Nastouli, Nigel Klein, Caroline Foster, Anita De Rossi, Carlo Giaquinto, Paolo Rossi, Paolo Palma
Summary: The study highlights the association between T cell phenotypic signatures and the size of the latent HIV reservoir, with frequencies of PD-1+ and TIGIT+ CD4 T cells positively correlating with HIV DNA levels, while frequencies of HIV-specific CD4 T cells negatively correlate. These findings provide important insights into the mechanism of viral persistence and potential therapeutic targets.
Article
Immunology
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse, Byron Alexander Foster, Emile Latour, Jeong Youn Lim, Degu Jerene, Andrea Ruff, Eleni Aklillu
Summary: This prospective cohort study in southern Ethiopia identified a significant risk of virologic failure in children with HIV infection, with limited predictive value of clinical variables for virologic failure. It emphasizes the need for rapid and reliable viral load testing and adherence interventions in sub-Saharan Africa to adequately address the HIV epidemic.
PEDIATRIC INFECTIOUS DISEASE JOURNAL
(2021)
Review
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Eleonora Brillo, Valentina Tosto, Sandro Gerli, Ersilia Buonomo
Summary: Administering COVID-19 vaccines during pregnancy can reduce the risk of severe infection for pregnant women and their offspring, but there are still many aspects that need to be clarified.
JOURNAL OF MATERNAL-FETAL & NEONATAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giuseppe Liottaid, Leonardo Emberti Gialloreti, Maria Cristina Marazzi, Olga Madaro, Maria Chiara Inzerilli, Margherita D'Amico, Stefano Orlando, Paola Scarcella, Elisa Terracciano, Susanna Gentili, Leonardo Palombi
Summary: This paper assesses the impact of a social and health program on reducing COVID-19 mortality among people aged over 80. The results show that the program is likely to limit mortality associated with COVID-19, but further studies are needed to establish the reasons behind this.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Isotta Triulzi, Claire Somerville, Salimu Sangwani, Ilaria Palla, Stefano Orlando, Hawa Sangare Mamary, Fausto Ciccacci, Maria Cristina Marazzi, Giuseppe Turchetti
Summary: This study explores the impact of male partner support on adherence of HIV-positive women and finds that it is not simply limited to providing transportation and accompanying appointments, but also includes control over resources and decision-making. The results suggest that previous descriptions of male partner support may hide male partner control over accessing resources.
GLOBAL HEALTH ACTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Antonio Vinci, Amina Pasquarella, Maria Paola Corradi, Pelagia Chatzichristou, Gianluca D'Agostino, Stefania Iannazzo, Nicoletta Trani, Maria Annunziata Parafati, Leonardo Palombi, Domenico Antonio Ientile
Summary: The study reveals a correlation between the number of emergency medical service (EMS) calls and the short-term evolution of the COVID-19 epidemic wave. By analyzing the relationship between EMS calls and the slope of ICU admissions curve, it is possible to predict short-term trends in COVID-19 outbreaks.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Livianna Carrieri, Alberto Ruben Osella, Fausto Ciccacci, Gianluigi Giannelli, Maria Principia Scavo
Summary: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex condition that affects 25% of the global population. There are geographical and gender differences, but they decrease with age. Factors such as hormonal imbalance, microbiome dysregulation, insulin resistance, early menarche, breastfeeding duration, and polycystic ovarian syndrome contribute to the development of NAFLD in premenopausal women. Future clinical management and research should focus on personalized monitoring and treatment, particularly for women who had early metabolic symptoms considered insignificant at the time.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Stefano Orlando, Tuba Mazhari, Alessio Abbondanzieri, Gennaro Cerone, Fausto Ciccacci, Giuseppe Liotta, Sandro Mancinelli, Maria Cristina Marazzi, Leonardo Palombi
Summary: This study aims to explore the relationship between the organizational-structural characteristics and preventative measures of nursing homes during the COVID-19 pandemic and the risk of a COVID-19 outbreak. The study found that larger facilities with more than 15 beds and facilities admitting new residents during the pandemic were more likely to experience a COVID-19 outbreak. Other characteristics and measures were not associated with an outbreak.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Stefania Moramarco, Ireen Roster Mwaba, Lweendo Chafula Muyaba, Leonardo Palombi, Ersilia Buonomo
Summary: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted to compare the dietary diversity, feeding habits, and nutritional status of under-five malnourished children enrolled in the Rainbow Project supplementary feeding programmes (SFPs). The study found significant improvements in dietary diversity, meal frequency, animal-protein consumption, and treated drinking water at discharge compared to admission. Teenage motherhood, children's age >2 years, and breastfeeding cessation were associated with increased risk of malnutrition.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCES AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Martina Chimienti, Giustino Morlino, Fabio Ingravalle, Antonio Vinci, Emilio Colarusso, Carolina De Santo, Valeria Formosa, Lavinia Gentile, Grazia Lorusso, Claudia Mosconi, Martina Scaramella, Virginia Rosca, Elena Veneziano, Francesco Torino, Leonardo Emberti Gialloreti, Leonardo Palombi
Summary: In the future, the number of cancer survivors will increase due to early detection and new therapies, but the long-term consequences need to be considered. This study aims to assess the impact of cancer and treatment on employment status. Through a strict selection process, we found that cancer, treatments, and related disabilities are risk factors for unemployment. It is important to address the negative influence of cancer on employment status and promote health and social welfare support programs.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Yolande Christelle Ketchanji Mougang, Laurent-Mireille Endale Mangamba, Rosamaria Capuano, Fausto Ciccacci, Alexandro Catini, Roberto Paolesse, Hugo Bertrand Mbatchou Ngahane, Leonardo Palombi, Corrado Di Natale
Summary: Tuberculosis is a common cause of death in many countries, and the current diagnostic method of smear microscopy has a low true positive rate. Analyzing exhaled VOCs using sensors has been proposed as a promising alternative for disease diagnosis. Testing an electronic nose based on sensor technology in a Cameroon hospital showed promising results for the diagnosis of pulmonary TB.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marco Floridia, Clementina Maria Galluzzo, Stefano Orlando, Richard Luhanga, Robert Mphwere, Thom Kavalo, Mauro Andreotti, Roberta Amici, Fausto Ciccacci, Maria Cristina Marazzi, Marina Giuliano
Summary: A study conducted on breastfed Malawian infants found no significant differences in vitamin and nutritional status between infants of HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women who received antiretroviral therapy. However, there were concerns about ferritin deficiency and malnutrition.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
E. Brillo, M. Ciampoletti, V. Tosto, E. Buonomo
Summary: The vaccination uptake of influenza and Tdap vaccines among pregnant women in Italy is low. However, this study showed that women are willing to get vaccinated during pregnancy when adequately informed about the recommended vaccines.
ANNALI DI IGIENE MEDICINA PREVENTIVA E DI COMUNITA
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Susanna Gentili, Fabio Riccardi, Leonardo Emberti Gialloreti, Paola Scarcella, Alessandro Stievano, Maria Grazia Proietti, Gennaro Rocco, Giuseppe Liotta
Summary: The worldwide aging and increase of chronic disease have led to an increased risk of admission to Long-Term Care (LTC) facilities. This study aimed to evaluate the admission rate to LTC facilities for older adults and identify factors associated with these admissions. The findings suggest that access to LTC facilities is related to moderate disability and a lack of social support.
