Article
Environmental Sciences
Maddison Carbery, Frithjof Herb, Julien Reynes, Christopher K. Pham, Wye-Khay Fong, Roman Lehner
Summary: Particle size of microplastics plays a crucial role in their behavior and effects in aquatic environments. This study conducted the first assessment of microplastics in marine surface waters near the Whitsunday Islands of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park, Australia, revealing the presence of small microplastics. These microplastics, mainly fibers and fragments, were found to be derived from tourism and marine recreation activities. The abundance of small microplastics in marine surface waters is grossly underestimated compared to larger microplastics, highlighting the need for further investigation.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Langqing Liu, Mirte Bosse, Hendrik-Jan Megens, Manon de Visser, Martien A. M. Groenen, Ole Madsen
Summary: Human disturbance and climate change have a negative impact on habitat integrity and size, leading to population decline and habitat fragmentation for wild fauna and flora. Analysis of the genomic data of the pygmy hog reveals a very small historical population size with no recent inbreeding, but evidence of harmful mutation accumulation exceeding purifying selection. Care must be taken in conservation efforts to prevent further inbreeding depression and mitigate potential environmental changes.
EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Jing-Yue Hu, Xiao-Kai Zhang, Cheng-Qi Xin, Lei Zhang, Jian Kang, Ping Gong
Summary: We report a case of severe V. anguillarum infection in a 70-year-old man from Dalian, China, who had low immunity due to long-term glucocorticoid use. Despite aggressive treatment, the patient died of septic shock and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. This case highlights the potential for human infection by V. anguillarum, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
EMERGING MICROBES & INFECTIONS
(2023)
Article
Horticulture
Huiyeon Hong, Junho Lee, Wonbyoung Chae
Summary: This study developed a simple and efficient method to identify radish cultivars and elite lines using PCR-based markers. Only 11 markers were needed for cultivar identification and 14 markers for elite line identification, making it a cost-effective and easily applicable method.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Nicholas J. Gotelli, Faye Moyes, Laura H. Antao, Shane A. Blowes, Maria Dornelas, Brian J. McGill, Amelia Penny, Aafke M. Schipper, Hideyasu Shimadzu, Sarah R. Supp, Conor A. Waldock, Anne E. Magurran
Summary: The composition of plant and animal species in global assemblages has changed substantially, with dynamics of a small percentage of species driving this change significantly. Quantifying the reorganization of assemblages based on shared temporal dynamics could aid in monitoring and restoring biodiversity.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Kui Zhang, Miao Li, Jiajun Li, Mingshuai Sun, Youwei Xu, Yancong Cai, Zuozhi Chen, Yongsong Qiu
Summary: Marine ecosystems are facing the combined impacts of overfishing and climate change, making it crucial to understand how fish stocks respond to climate change for ecosystem-based fisheries management. Research showed dramatic fluctuations in small pelagic fish populations in the Beibu Gulf after La Niña events, creating uncertainty for the marine ecosystem.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
David Nos, Joan Navarro, Montserrat Sole
Summary: This study investigated the effects of key biological and environmental factors on three hepatic xenobiotic biomarkers and compared two pelagic species. The results showed sex-dependent activities of carboxylesterases in sardine, and reproductive activity and temperature significantly influenced carboxylesterases and glutathione S-transferase activities. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the pesticide dichlorvos could inhibit carboxylesterases activity up to 90%. This research highlights the importance of considering reproductive status, temperature, and sex in biomarker responses and suggests that anchovy may be a more suitable pelagic bio-indicator for pollution due to its higher sensitivity to dichlorvos and sex-independent biomarker responses.
MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Danielle Davenport, Paul Butcher, Sara Andreotti, Conrad Matthee, Andrew Jones, Jennifer Ovenden
Summary: Monitoring breeding population size of white sharks in east Australia-New Zealand over a few years shows stable and comparable effective breeding number values using genetic estimators, providing insight into conservation effectiveness.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Prabakaran Rajamanickam, Joel Daou
Summary: This study investigates the propagation of premixed flames in rapidly-varying, small-scale, zero-mean, spatio-temporal periodic flows with thick reaction zones. The effective Lewis number and effective burning speed ratio are determined using large activation energy asymptotics and homogenization theory. The research reveals that flow-enhanced diffusion induces anisotropic effects on the propagation of multi-dimensional flames. The scaling laws for the diffusion coefficients provide insights into the behavior of turbulent premixed flames.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hugo Cayuela, Yann Dorant, Claire Merot, Martin Laporte, Eric Normandeau, Stephane Gagnon-Harvey, Marie Clement, Pascal Sirois, Louis Bernatchez
Summary: The study uses recent developments in RAD-seq data analysis to investigate the associations between CNVs and fitness-related traits, local environmental conditions, and demographic history, as well as how copy number variation drives population genetic structure. The findings reveal a complex relationship between CNVs and fitness traits, environmental conditions, and population structure, highlighting the complementary role of CNVs and SNPs in population genomics studies.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fei Liu, Qiang Xie, Ri-Qing Yu, Zhenhui Xie, Jiaxue Wu, Xiyang Zhang, Yuping Wu
Summary: This study found that fatty acids (FAs) may serve as bioindicators of organic contaminants in marine fish. However, the bioindicators of organic contaminants show regional-specific characteristics.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Fisheries
Kim Tallaksen Halvorsen, Torkel Larsen, Howard Browman, Caroline Durif, Nicolai Aasen, Leif Asbjorn Vollestad, Alessandro Cresci, Tonje Knutsen Sordalen, Reidun M. Bjelland, Anne Berit Skiftesvik
Summary: The movement patterns of three wrasse species in a small marine protected area on the west coast of Norway were analyzed over 21 months. The distance between capture and recapture locations varied between 10 and 187 meters, with no relation to body size or sex. This suggests that strategically located marine protected areas can be effective in protecting wrasses from selective fishing mortality based on size and sex.
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Fisheries
Derek G. Bolser, Jack P. Egerton, Philip M. Souza, Kevin M. Boswell, Brad E. Erisman
Summary: Assessing marine fish community size spectra with hydroacoustics is challenging due to the diverse nature of communities, common schooling and swim-bladder-less fishes, and variable fish orientation. The study developed an approach to address these challenges and found that fish lengths and size spectra slopes were significantly smaller when using in situ target strength distributions, but comparable to reference data when simulated target strength values were used. Fish orientation was not a useful predictor of target strength or slope.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rosemary Peter Mramba, Kelvin Emmanuel Mkude
Summary: The fisheries sector in Tanzania is dominated by small-scale fishers, who face challenges such as inadequate infrastructure, lack of capital and skills, leading to variations in fish catch and spoilage. Factors such as fishing experience, age, gender, education level, and selling time influence the amount of fish caught and spoilage levels. Training in fish processing, handling, and improving cold storage and transport facilities are recommended to reduce spoilage.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ljiljana Kuzmanovic, Gloria Giovenali, Roberto Ruggeri, Francesco Rossini, Carla Ceoloni
Summary: This study evaluated the breeding potential of six recombinant lines (RLs) of durum wheat-Thinopyrum spp., which included high-efficiency QTL for resistance to Fusarium head blight and Fusarium crown rot. The RLs showed excellent genetic stability and yield performance under both rainfed and irrigated conditions, making them promising candidates for breeding programs to enhance crop security and safety.