Article
Oncology
Anne S. Reiner, Gordon P. Watt, Esther M. John, Charles F. Lynch, Jennifer D. Brooks, Lene Mellemkjaer, John D. Boice, Julia A. Knight, Patrick Concannon, Susan A. Smith, Xiaolin Liang, Meghan Woods, Roy Shore, Kathleen E. Malone, Leslie Bernstein, Jonine L. Bernstein
Summary: There was no evidence that radiation therapy further increased second primary contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk in young women with first primary breast cancer who were current smokers or had smoking history.
JNCI-JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Ajay Prakash, Brandilyn A. Peters, Emilia Cobbs, Dia Beggs, Heesun Choi, Huilin Li, Richard B. Hayes, Jiyoung Ahn
Summary: The study found that smoking significantly alters the composition of the fecal microbiome, different from never smokers. Enriched and depleted taxa in smokers are consistent across different populations. Additionally, taxa enriched in smokers are positively correlated with the inferred abundance of pathways related to smoking-associated toxin breakdown and response to reactive oxygen species (ROS).
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Juma Rahman, Robert Scragg
Summary: This study analyzed the association between sun exposure and demographic/lifestyle factors and found that high sun exposure was associated with sex, ethnicity, education, age, alcohol drinking, TV watching, and physical activity. However, it was not associated with tobacco smoking, overweight or obesity, or skin reaction to sun exposure.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Mohammad Saleh Bahreini, Sareh Sami Jahromi, Amir Hossein Radfar, Amir Masoud Salemi, Naghmeh Dastan, Qasem Asgari
Summary: This study assessed the relationship between latent toxoplasmosis and smoking and found an inverse association between seropositivity to Toxoplasma infection and cigarette smoking. This relationship could be due to the changes that latent toxoplasmosis has on the neurotransmitters, especially dopamine, which needs more research.
Article
Oncology
Lijun Wang, Zhi-Ming Mai, Roger Kai-Cheong Ngan, Wai-Tong Ng, Jia-Huang Lin, Dora Lai-Wan Kwong, Shing-Chun Chiang, Kam-Tong Yuen, Alice Wan-Ying Ng, Dennis Kai-Ming Ip, Yap-Hang Chan, Anne Wing-Mui Lee, Maria Li Lung, Sai Yin Ho, Tai-Hing Lam
Summary: A multicenter case-control study in Hong Kong found that longer quitting duration and younger age of quitting were associated with lower nasopharyngeal cancer risk, with dose-response relations.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Hanla A. Park, Sonja Neumeyer, Kyriaki Michailidou, Manjeet K. Bolla, Qin Wang, Joe Dennis, Thomas U. Ahearn, Irene L. Andrulis, Hoda Anton-Culver, Natalia N. Antonenkova, Volker Arndt, Kristan J. Aronson, Annelie Augustinsson, Adinda Baten, Laura E. Beane Freeman, Heiko Becher, Matthias W. Beckmann, Sabine Behrens, Javier Benitez, Marina Bermisheva, Natalia Bogdanova, Stig E. Bojesen, Hiltrud Brauch, Hermann Brenner, Sara Y. Brucker, Barbara Burwinkel, Daniele Campa, Federico Canzian, Jose E. Castelao, Stephen J. Chanock, Georgia Chenevix-Trench, Christine L. Clarke, Don M. Conroy, Fergus J. Couch, Angela Cox, Simon S. Cross, Kamila Czene, Mary B. Daly, Peter Devilee, Thilo Dork, Isabel Dos-Santos-Silva, Miriam Dwek, Diana M. Eccles, A. Heather Eliassen, Christoph Engel, Mikael Eriksson, D. Gareth Evans, Peter A. Fasching, Henrik Flyger, Lin Fritschi, Montserrat Garcia-Closas, Jose A. Garcia-Saenz, Mia M. Gaudet, Graham G. Giles, Gord Glendon, Mark S. Goldberg, David E. Goldgar, Anna Gonzalez-Neira, Mervi Grip, Pascal Guenel, Eric Hahnen, Christopher A. Haiman, Niclas Hakansson, Per Hall, Ute Hamann, Sileny Han, Elaine F. Harkness, Steven N. Hart, Wei He, Bernadette A. M. Heemskerk-Gerritsen, John L. Hopper, David J. Hunter, Agnes Jager, Anna Jakubowska, Esther M. John, Audrey Jung, Rudolf Kaaks, Pooja Middha Kapoor, Renske Keeman, Elza Khusnutdinova, Cari M. Kitahara, Linetta B. Koppert, Stella Koutros, Vessela N. Kristensen, Allison W. Kurian, James Lacey, Diether Lambrechts, Loic LeMarchand, Wing-Yee Lo, Arto Mannermaa, Mehdi Manoochehri, Sara Margolin, Maria ElenaMartinez, Dimitrios Mavroudis, Alfons Meindl, Usha Menon, Roger L. Milne, Taru A. Muranen, Heli Nevanlinna, William G. Newman, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Kenneth Offit, Andrew F. Olshan, Hakan Olsson, Tjoung-Won Park-Simon, Paolo Peterlongo, Julian Peto, Dijana Plaseska-Karanfilska, Nadege Presneau, Paolo Radice, Gad Rennert, Hedy S. Rennert, Atocha Romero, Emmanouil Saloustros, Elinor J. Sawyer, Marjanka K. Schmidt, Rita K. Schmutzler, Minouk J. Schoemaker, Lukas Schwentner, Christopher Scott, Mitul Shah, Xiao-Ou Shu, Jacques Simard, Ann Smeets, Melissa C. Southey, John J. Spinelli, Victoria Stevens, Anthony J. Swerdlow, Rulla M. Tamimi, William J. Tapper, Jack A. Taylor, Mary Beth Terry, Ian Tomlinson, Melissa A. Troester, Therese Truong, Celine M. Vachon, Elke M. van Veen, Joseph Vijai, Sophia Wang, Camilla Wendt, Robert Winqvist, Alicja Wolk, Argyrios Ziogas, Alison M. Dunning, Paul D. P. Pharoah, Douglas F. Easton, Wei Zheng, Peter Kraft, Jenny Chang-Claude
Summary: Despite a modest association between tobacco smoking and breast cancer risk reported by recent epidemiological studies, the Mendelian randomisation study provides supportive evidence for a potential causal association with breast cancer risk for lifetime smoking exposure but not cigarettes per day among smokers. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results and showed no strong evidence of pleiotropic effect.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Niki Dimou, James Yarmolinsky, Emmanouil Bouras, Konstantinos K. Tsilidis, Richard M. Martin, Sarah J. Lewis, Inger T. Gram, Marije F. Bakker, Hermann Brenner, Jane C. Figueiredo, Renee T. Fortner, Stephen B. Gruber, Bethany van Guelpen, Li Hsu, Rudolf Kaaks, Sun-Seog Kweon, Yi Lin, Noralane M. Lindor, Polly A. Newcomb, Maria-Jose Sanchez, Gianluca Severi, Hilary A. Tindle, Rosario Tumino, Elisabete Weiderpass, Marc J. Gunter, Neil Murphy
Summary: Mendelian randomization analysis revealed a positive association between higher lifetime smoking amount and the risk of breast and colorectal cancer, supporting the previous observational evidence and suggesting smoking as a causal risk factor for these common malignancies.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Julia Brillinger, Louise Marsh, Janet Hoek
Summary: The study explored how outdoor bar areas facilitate and normalize young adult smoking. Participants valued comfortable and relaxing outdoor smoking areas, with attributes such as seating, tables, heating, and protection from inclement weather seen as important. Potential policy implications include introducing comprehensive smokefree outdoor policies to reduce the influence of design attributes that foster smoking.
NICOTINE & TOBACCO RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yusuke Takanashi, Tomoaki Kahyo, Takamitsu Hayakawa, Keigo Sekihara, Akikazu Kawase, Minako Kondo, Takuya Kitamoto, Yutaka Takahashi, Tomohito Sato, Haruhiko Sugimura, Norihiko Shiiya, Mitsutoshi Setou, Kazuhito Funai
Summary: This study aimed to identify lipid biomarkers that reflect the smoking status and the postoperative recurrence risk in lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SQCC) patients. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified two ADC lipid peaks and 12 SQCC lipid peaks that showed a significant positive correlation with the patient's smoking status. Among them, three phosphatidylcholine isomers in the ADC cohort and a lipid peak in the SQCC cohort were associated with a shorter recurrence free period and a greater likelihood of recurrence.
LIPIDS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Vasily Giannakeas, David W. Lim, Steven A. Narod
Summary: Women with unilateral breast cancer have an annual risk of contralateral breast cancer similar to 0.4% per year, which persists over the 25-year follow-up period. The 25-year cumulative risk of contralateral invasive breast cancer was 9.9%, with variations based on age of diagnosis, time since diagnosis, race, and ER status of the first cancer.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Substance Abuse
Ankur Vivek, Rajeev Mohan Kaushik, Reshma Kaushik
Summary: Smoking is strongly associated with iron deficiency anemia, with both cigarette smoking and beedi smoking showing significant correlation with the condition. The risk of developing iron deficiency anemia is higher among light smokers and is dependent on the duration of smoking.
JOURNAL OF ADDICTIVE DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Meng Chen, Yifan Xu, Junfeng Xu, Haidee Chancoco, Jian Gu
Summary: This study found no strong evidence supporting an association between LTL and bladder cancer risk in European Americans. The findings suggest that LTL does not play a significant role in the etiology of bladder cancer.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jennifer Rusmaully, Nastassia Tvardik, Diane Martin, Regine Billmann, Sylvie Cenee, Martine Antoine, Helene Blons, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Jean Tredaniel, Marie Wislez, Isabelle Stucker, Pascal Guenel, Loredana Radoi
Summary: This study found that the risk of female lung cancer increases linearly with the intensity and duration of tobacco smoking, while the risk decreases with longer cessation time. The increase in the comprehensive smoking index significantly raised the risk of small cell or squamous cell carcinomas.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michael S. Dunbar, Nancy Nicosia, Beau Kilmer
Summary: The study highlights the impact of community smoking environments on adult smoking risk and emphasizes the need for sustained, targeted efforts to reduce smoking in areas where prevalence remains high.
SOCIAL SCIENCE & MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Larry Onyango Akoko, Amonius K. Rutashobya, Evelyne W. Lutainulwa, Ally H. Mwanga, Sokoine L. Kivuyo
Summary: This study aimed to determine the factors affecting the development of breast cancer among Tanzanian black women. It found that older age at menopause is a significant risk factor for breast cancer development.
Article
Allergy
Hajar Ali, Collin Brooks, Yu-Chieh Tzeng, Julian Crane, Richard Beasley, Peter Gibson, Philip Pattemore, Thorsten Stanley, Neil Pearce, Jeroen Douwes
Summary: This study found that autonomic nervous system activity is not associated with pathophysiology or inflammatory phenotype in young asthmatics with generally well-controlled asthma. However, enhanced sympathetic nervous system activity can be detected in asthmatics with airway hyperreactivity or who use beta-agonist medication.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
William Mueller, Miranda Loh, Tony Fletcher, Sarah Rhodes, Lucy Pembrey, Neil Pearce, Martie van Tongeren
Summary: This study investigated the burden of COVID-19 in the UK food and drink processing industry. The results showed that infection rates were associated with deprivation, proportions of remote workers and workers in close proximity, and the number of workers.
ANNALS OF WORK EXPOSURES AND HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Vahe Nafilyan, Ted Dolby, Katie Finning, Piotr Pawelek, Rhiannon Edge, Jasper Morgan, Myer Glickman, Neil Pearce, Martie van Tongeren
Summary: This study investigated the differences in COVID-19 vaccination rates by occupation in England and found significant disparities among different occupations. Occupational ability and exposure to the public were closely associated with vaccination rates. It is necessary to increase vaccination coverage in occupations with low vaccination rates to protect the public and control the spread of the virus.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Neil Pearce, Sander Greenland
Summary: The 1970s and 1980s saw the emergence of numerous papers discussing synergy, antagonism, and similar concepts of causal interactions and interdependence of effects. These papers emphasized the distinction between these concepts and statistical interaction. They demonstrated how epidemiology can study causal and preventive interdependence, despite its inability to directly investigate the biological mechanisms underlying interaction.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mary K. Schubauer-Berigan, David B. Richardson, Matthew P. Fox, Lin Fritschi, Irina Guseva Canu, Neil Pearce, Leslie Stayner, Amy Berrington de Gonzalez
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pushkar Silwal, Maite Irurzun Lopez, Megan F. Pledger, Jacqueline F. Cumming, Mona F. Jeffreys
Summary: Being enrolled with a Primary Health Care (PHC) provider in New Zealand provides lower cost access to PHC, preventative care and secondary health care services, and better continuity of care. This study examined the characteristics of populations not enrolled and found that enrolment is associated with a lower level of amenable mortality. Logistic regression analysis showed that those not enrolled had a higher risk of amenable mortality compared to those enrolled, even after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity and deprivation.
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Neil Pearce, Jan P. Vandenbroucke
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Angela Pinot De Moira, Neil Pearce, Marie Pedersen, Anne-Marie Nybo Andersen
Summary: This study explored factors that may modify associations of early-life animal exposure with asthma and allergic disease, and found that type of animal, source of exposure, parental history of asthma or allergy, and timing of exposure can modify these associations. It is important to consider these factors when assessing the risks associated with early-life animal exposure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Josep M. Anto, Neil Pearce, Jeroen Douwes, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Lucy Pembrey, Lorenzo Richiardi, Jordi Sunyer
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Pilar Tavares Veras Florentino, Thiago Cerqueira-Silva, Luciana Freire De Carvalho, Flavia Jose Oliveira Alves, Vinicius De Araujo Oliveira, Gislani Mateus Oliveira Aguilar, Rodrigo De Sousa Prado, Daniel Soranz, Neil Pearce, Viviane Boaventura, Guilherme Loreiro Werneck, Gerson Oliveira Penna, Mauricio Lima Barreto, Marcio Henrique De Oliveira Garcia, Manoel Barral-Netto, Enny Santos da Paixao
Summary: This study provides evidence that COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, regardless of the vaccine type (CoronaVac or BNT162b2), is safe and does not increase the risk of adverse birth outcomes or neonatal deaths.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Theocharis Kromydas, Evangelia Demou, Rhiannon Edge, Matthew Gittins, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Neil Pearce, Martie van Tongeren, Jack Wilkinson, Sarah Rhodes
Summary: The risk and prevalence of long-COVID differ across industries and occupations. Generally, the likelihood of developing long-COVID symptoms follows the likelihood of SARS-CoV-2 infection, except for professional occupations.
OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Victoria K. Massamba, Denis Talbot, Alain Milot, Xavier Trudel, Clermont E. Dionne, Michel Vezina, Benoit Masse, Mahee Gilbert-Ouimet, Gilles R. Dagenais, Neil Pearce, Chantal Brisson
Summary: This study aims to examine the relationship between psychosocial work-related factors and arterial stiffness. It found that job strain may have a long-term deleterious effect on arterial stiffness in people with high blood pressure.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lynne Russell, Mona Jeffreys, Marianna Churchward, Jackie Cumming, Fiona McKenzie, Claire O'Loughlin, Lanuola Asiasiga, Rebecca Bell, Huhana Hickey, Maite Irurzun-Lopez, Laura Kamau, Jesse Kokaua, Janet McDonald, Myra McFarland-Tautau, Kirsten Smiler, Tali Uia, Sione Vaka, Analosa Veukiso-Ulugia, Conroy Wong, Lis Ellison Loschmann
Summary: This study established a national longitudinal cohort to investigate the immediate and longer-term physical, psychological, and economic impacts of COVID-19 on affected people in New Zealand. The findings reveal that 20% of the participants reported symptoms consistent with long COVID, and the adverse impacts of stigma, mental distress, poor experiences of health services, and barriers to healthcare were more pronounced among disabled individuals and/or those with long COVID.
Article
Primary Health Care
Mona Jeffreys, Lis Ellison-Loschmann, Maite Irurzun-Lopez, Jacqueline Cumming, Fiona McKenzie
Summary: This study aims to examine the impact of user co-payments on accessing health care, with a focus on the inequities for indigenous Maori. The analysis of data from the New Zealand Health Survey between 2011/12 and 2018/19 reveals that Maori face higher cost barriers in seeing a general practitioner and collecting prescriptions, indicating an urgent need for change in system funding to eliminate financial barriers.
Article
Primary Health Care
Megan Pledger, Maite Irurzun-Lopez, Nisa Mohan, Mona Jeffreys, Jacqueline Cumming
Summary: In New Zealand, the closure of general practices for new patient enrolment, known as 'closed books', is a significant issue. This study examined the impact and characteristics associated with closed books general practices in different District Health Board (DHB) districts. The results showed that Canterbury DHB and Southern DHB had the highest number of closed books general practices, while Wairarapa DHB, Midcentral DHB, and Taranaki DHB had the highest percentage. Consultation fees were strongly associated with closed books.
JOURNAL OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE
(2023)