Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marta Quintanilla, Malou Henriksen-Lacey, Carlos Renero-Lecuna, Luis M. Liz-Marzan
Summary: This article discusses the various methods of using nanothermometers for temperature sensing in heterogeneous environments, with a focus on recent developments in incorporating luminescent nanoparticles into complex in vitro and in vivo models. Methods for avoiding thermal misreading are also discussed, considering their respective advantages and drawbacks.
CHEMICAL SOCIETY REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
E. Marin, F. Boschetto, M. Zanocco, W. Zhu, T. Adachi, N. Kanamura, T. Yamamoto, B. J. McEntire, E. N. Jones, C. Powell, J. Hendry, R. M. Bock, B. S. Bal, G. Pezzotti
Summary: Most structural bioceramics are bioinert, but silicon nitride stands out for its bioactive properties, stimulating cellular proliferation and exhibiting antibacterial effects. By carefully tuning the surface chemistry, the biological properties of silicon nitride can be optimized for specific applications.
MATERIALS TODAY CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ali Abbas, Michael Haslgruebler, Abdul Mannan Dogar, Alois Ferscha
Summary: This study introduces a modified deep learning model to control the assembly process in a real-world environment, successfully monitoring and optimizing the assembly process even in an uncontrolled environment dataset. It demonstrates the accurate anomaly detection in the assembly process, modifications in existing deep learning models to fit the data nature, and normalization of uncontrolled data for deep learning model training.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Dandan Gao, Shuguang Liu, Fei Gao, Chen Ning, Xiaohong Wu, Wende Yan, Andy Smith
Summary: This study investigates the impact of forest restoration on soil physio-chemical properties and the structure and function of soil micro-food web. The findings suggest that forest restoration increases soil organic carbon and total nitrogen, as well as the abundance of soil microorganisms. The availability of soil resources plays a crucial role in regulating the composition, structure, and stability of soil food webs. Nutrient limitation, particularly phosphorus limitation, is an important factor in determining the stability of soil food webs during forest restoration.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2024)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew G. T. Pyo, Yaojun Zhang, Ned S. Wingreen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of component stoichiometry on the surface properties of biomolecular condensates. The results show that unequal stoichiometry leads to enrichment of the majority species at the interface and a sharp reduction of surface tension. It is found that the reduction in surface tension scales linearly with the excess concentration of free binding sites at the interface.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yanfei Zhang, Hans V. Westerhoff
Summary: Confronted with unfavorable output processes, free-energy transducers can shift to lower gears to reduce output per unit input. This option is well-known in machines but not appreciated in biology. This study extends thermodynamic principles to explain biological gear shifting and identifies mechanisms. It shows that gear shifting optimizes performance in living systems, allowing them to switch to catabolic pathways with lower ATP stoichiometry, thereby increasing ATP synthesis flux and ensuring continued growth even in challenging conditions.
Article
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Felicia S. Osburn, Nicole D. Wagner, J. Thad Scott
Summary: The study explored the role of nitrogen fixation in harmful algal blooms (HABs), revealing that Dolichospermum, despite its ability for nitrogen fixation, faces nitrogen limitation in growth and requires energy tradeoffs for fixing nitrogen. Pre-acclimation to low nitrogen environments in Dolichospermum resulted in increased fixed nitrogen and lower C:N stoichiometry.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jie Wang, Yue Dong, Peng Ma, Yu Wang, Fangyu Zhang, Bocheng Cai, Peng Chen, Bi-Feng Liu
Summary: Cancer is a difficult-to-treat disease due to its high mortality rate and lack of effective diagnostic and treatment tools. Recent advancements in micro-/nanorobot technology provide opportunities for the development of cancer theragnostic platforms, which can enable precise drug delivery and improved permeation.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael D. Kempe, Derek Holsapple, Kent Whitfield, Narendra Shiradkar
Summary: IEC's PV module qualification standards may not be suitable for high-temperature environments, leading to questions about temperature impacts, and a new standard for high-temperature operation has been recently published.
PROGRESS IN PHOTOVOLTAICS
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Shanna-Leigh Davidson, Tagbo H. R. Niepa
Summary: With advances in microfabrication technologies, miniaturized culturing techniques have become ideal methods for studying microbial communities. Micro-technologies offer high-throughput screening and real-time observation, providing access to unculturable species and novel metabolic pathways. However, challenges remain in terms of scalability and commercialization.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Suman G. Das, Joachim Krug, Muhittin Mungan
Summary: The biological evolution of a population is controlled by the fitness landscape. Evolution in changing environments resembles the athermal dynamics of disordered physical systems. By studying a model of antibiotic resistance evolution in bacteria, it is found that adaptive evolution also exhibits hysteresis loops and memory formation. The research provides a general framework for studying the evolutionary dynamics of biological systems in a changing environment.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Anusha Leemsuthep, Zunaida Zakaria, Varaporn Tanrattanakul, Suganti Ramarad, Mathialagan Muniyadi, Tomasz Jaruga, Yamuna Munusamy, Izabela Wnuk, Pawel Pietrusiewicz
Summary: This study investigated the production of porous epoxy micro-beads using a single epoxy droplet in heated corn oil, showing that a higher ammonium bicarbonate content led to increased decomposition rate and gas volume, resulting in micro-beads with smaller particle size, lower specific gravity, and better thermal stability. Furthermore, porous epoxy micro-beads with open pores exhibited low specific gravity and high thermal stability at high ammonium bicarbonate content, with particle size and shape dependent on the content of ammonium bicarbonate and the ratio of epoxy to polyamide used.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hao Tang, Jiaqi Niu, Han Jin, Shujing Lin, Daxiang Cui
Summary: Passive and label-free microfluidic devices, with their simple design and reliance on geometric structure, have become popular in medical and bioresearch applications. This review discusses the importance of geometric design principles in passive and label-free microfluidics and summarizes the most creative innovations in microfluidic schemes such as deterministic lateral displacement, inertial microfluidics, and viscoelastic microfluidics. The aim of this review is to provide researchers with a guideline for incorporating geometric innovations into passive and label-free microfluidics.
MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Keni Yang, Karolina Tran, Anna Salvati
Summary: Ideal drug carriers should maintain stability in biological environments and release drugs once inside targeted cells. However, balancing these two aspects can be challenging. This study combined kinetic studies, aging experiments, and chromatography to determine drug release profiles in biological environments and cells, using liposomes as model nanomedicines. The results demonstrated that liposome stability and intracellular release kinetics could be controlled by changing the lipid composition.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Changyong Gao, Yong Wang, Zihan Ye, Zhihua Lin, Xing Ma, Qiang He
Summary: Self-propelled micro- and nanomotors have great potential in biomedical applications, but challenges such as overcoming biological barriers and in vivo navigation still need to be addressed. With continued attention and innovation, it is believed that they will improve targeted drug delivery efficiency in the future.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)