Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mari Naatanen, Anna Karlund, Santtu Mikkonen, Anton Klavus, Otto Savolainen, Marko Lehtonen, Leila Karhunen, Kati Hanhineva, Marjukka Kolehmainen
Summary: This study investigated the effect of two isocaloric 24-week weight maintenance diets on metabolism and identified metabolite features associated with successful weight loss maintenance. It was found that the dietary fiber, protein, and fat content of the diet influenced amino acid and lipid metabolism, and increased abundance of certain phospholipids and free fatty acids was associated with better weight loss maintenance.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Joana M. Correia, Ines Santos, Pedro Pezarat-Correia, Analiza M. Silva, Goncalo V. Mendonca
Summary: The study found that non-Ramadan intermittent fasting can effectively reduce body weight, body mass index, and absolute fat mass, while Ramadan intermittent fasting, despite being accompanied by dehydration, can also effectively reduce body weight and relative fat mass. Overall, non-Ramadan intermittent fasting appears to be more effective in improving overall body composition.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Helena Deris, Petra Tominac, Frano Vuckovic, Nina Briski, Arne Astrup, Ellen E. Blaak, Gordan Lauc, Ivan Gudelj
Summary: Obesity-induced inflammation activates the adaptive immune system through changes in IgG glycosylation. Different dietary regimes for weight control after weight loss do not significantly affect IgG glycosylation, but individuals may still experience significant changes in their IgG glycome composition regardless of the diet type.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Orly Ben-Yacov, Anastasia Godneva, Michal Rein, Smadar Shilo, Dmitry Kolobkov, Netta Koren, Noa Cohen Dolev, Tamara Travinsky Shmul, Bat Chen Wolf, Noa Kosower, Keren Sagiv, Maya Lotan-Pompan, Niv Zmora, Adina Weinberger, Eran Elinav, Eran Segal
Summary: In this clinical trial comparing PPT diet and MED diet in prediabetes patients, the PPT diet was found to significantly improve glycemic control by reducing the daily time with glucose levels >140 mg/dL (7.8 mmol/L) and HbA(1c) levels compared to the MED diet. These results could have implications for dietary advice in clinical practice.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Petras Minderis, Andrej Fokin, Tomas Povilonis, Mindaugas Kvedaras, Aivaras Ratkevicius
Summary: Caloric restriction induces similar weight loss in aging mice regardless of the diet's macronutrient composition. After caloric restriction, an high-fat diet leads to excessive energy intake and significant gain in body fat during the refeeding phase.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Annemette Overgaard Brethvad, Hannah Louise Zakariassen, Joachim Holt, Alexander Jakobsen, Bolette Hartmann, Eva Winning Lehmann, Hannelouise Kissow, Jens Juul Holst, Sten Madsbad, Signe S. orensen Torekov, Birgitte Holst
Summary: This study examined the impact of diet-induced weight loss on levels of the anorexigenic hormone neurotensin (NT) in mice and humans, and whether these levels predict body weight change. The results showed that diet-induced weight loss reduced NT levels in both mice and humans, and regulated hunger-related gene expression in mice. Additionally, individuals who continued to lose weight after weight loss had higher peak NT secretion compared to those who regained weight.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Katarzyna Ilowiecka, Pawel Glibowski, Michal Skrzypek, Wojciech Styk
Summary: The study suggests that post-therapeutic support after weight loss can increase the chances of long-term weight maintenance in obesity treatment, and may be influenced by certain genotypes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yiannis Koutras, Stavri Chrysostomou, Konstantinos Giannakou, Mary H. Kosmidis, Mary Yannakoulia
Summary: The study found that key differences between weight maintainers and regainers lie in individual personality traits, particularly agreeableness, perseverance, and motor impulsiveness. Therefore, when developing weight management interventions, it is crucial to take into account individual personality traits.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Giovanna Flore, Antonio Preti, Mauro Giovanni Carta, Andrea Deledda, Michele Fosci, Antonio Egidio Nardi, Andrea Loviselli, Fernanda Velluzzi
Summary: Only 25% of patients succeed in maintaining the result of weight loss for a long time after a low-calorie diet. This systematic review and meta-analysis find that intensive intervention during the maintenance phase may contribute to greater preservation of weight loss achieved during the previous slimming phase, although the difference from the control group is not statistically significant.
Article
Oncology
Nicholas J. Marchello, Heather D. Gibbs, Debra K. Sullivan, Mathew K. Taylor, Jill M. Hamilton-Reeves, Alvin F. Beltramo, Christie A. Befort
Summary: Obesity and poor diet quality are linked to higher health risks for breast cancer survivors. This study found significant improvements in diet quality among rural female breast cancer survivors during a weight loss maintenance intervention, with particular improvements in fruit, red meat, and sugar-sweetened beverage components.
JOURNAL OF CANCER SURVIVORSHIP
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yiannis Koutras, S. Chrysostomou, K. Giannakou, M. Yannakoulia
Summary: There were significant differences in dietary habits and behaviors between maintainers and regainers, with maintainers showing a preference for eating home-cooked meals. The results from logistic regression models indicate that for each point increase in the Weight-Related Behaviors Index (WRBI) total score, the odds of successfully maintaining weight loss increase significantly.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Christopher Papandreou, Jesus Garcia-Gavilan, Lucia Camacho-Barcia, Thea Toft Hansen, Joanne A. Harrold, Anders Sjodin, Jason C. G. Halford, Monica Bullo
Summary: This study examines the relationship between changes in circulating metabolites during diet-induced weight loss and changes in adiposity, finding significant associations between lipid species and citric acid with body weight and adiposity reduction. The results also show that changes in lysophosphatidylcholines and citric acid concentrations during weight loss are linked to adiposity regain and loss during the maintenance period, highlighting the importance of adipose lipid metabolism in weight and adiposity maintenance.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Madoka Tokuyama, Jun Seino, Keishoku Sakuraba, Yoshio Suzuki
Summary: The study found that low energy availability occurred during a rugby summer camp, and serum iron levels and TSAT may be better predictors of LEA.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Helena Deris, Petra Tominac, Frano Vuckovic, Arne Astrup, Ellen E. Blaak, Gordan Lauc, Ivan Gudelj
Summary: The aberrant plasma protein glycosylation associated with various diseases was studied by analyzing glycomes from participants of the Diogenes study. Significant alterations in glycan structures were observed 8 weeks after the low-calorie diet, but these effects were nullified during the weight-maintenance diets period.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Christopher Papandreou, Joanne A. Harrold, Thea T. Hansen, Jason C. G. Halford, Anders Sjoedin, Monica Bullo
Summary: The study found that decreases in circulating phosphatidylcholines and sphingomyelins during weight loss were associated with decreases in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, and increases in these metabolites during weight loss maintenance were associated with increases in total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels.
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
David S. Ludwig, Louis J. Aronne, Arne Astrup, Rafael de Cabo, Lewis C. Cantley, Mark Friedman, Steven B. Heymsfield, James D. Johnson, Janet C. King, Ronald M. Krauss, Daniel E. Lieberman, Gary Taubes, Jeff S. Volek, Eric C. Westman, Walter C. Willett, William S. Yancy, Cara B. Ebbeling
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Cara B. Ebbeling, Amy Knapp, Ann Johnson, Julia M. W. Wong, Kimberly F. Greco, Clement Ma, Samia Mora, David S. Ludwig
Summary: This preplanned ancillary study aimed to investigate the effects of diets varying in carbohydrate and saturated fat content on cardiovascular disease risk factors. The results showed that a low-carbohydrate diet high in saturated fat improved insulin-resistant dyslipoproteinemia and lipoprotein(a), with no adverse effect on LDL cholesterol.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lisa T. Jansen, Nianlan Yang, Julia M. W. Wong, Tapan Mehta, David B. Allison, David S. Ludwig, Cara B. Ebbeling
Summary: The study evaluated the glycemic changes following transition from a very-low-carbohydrate to high-carbohydrate diet, finding that physiological adaptation to high-carbohydrate diet may take several weeks, which has implications for the accuracy of diabetes tests and interpretation of macronutrient trials.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Benjamin T. Bikman, Kim J. Shimy, Caroline M. Apovian, S. Yu, Erin R. Saito, Chase M. Walton, Cara B. Ebbeling, David S. Ludwig
Summary: A high-carbohydrate diet may decrease the oxygen flux of adipocyte mitochondria, potentially affecting energy expenditure and fat deposition.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Julia M. W. Wong, Shui Yu, Clement Ma, Tapan Mehta, Stephanie L. Dickinson, David B. Allison, Steven B. Heymsfield, Cara B. Ebbeling, David S. Ludwig
Summary: The study found that baseline insulin dynamics are associated with body composition changes following weight loss. Higher insulin secretion is related to a smaller decrease in fat mass and a larger decrease in lean mass, while greater insulin resistance is associated with adverse body composition changes.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
David S. Ludwig, Julia M. W. Wong, Shui Yu, Clement Ma, Tapan Mehta, Stephanie L. Dickinson, David B. Allison, Steven B. Heymsfield, Cara B. Ebbeling
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David S. Ludwig, Cara B. Ebbeling, Eric B. Rimm
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicholas G. Norwitz, Adrian Soto-Mota, Bob Kaplan, David S. Ludwig, Matthew Budoff, Anatol Kontush, David Feldman
Summary: When lean individuals adopt carbohydrate-restricted diets, they may experience changes in their lipid profile, with increased LDL-C and HDL-C levels and decreased TG levels. Some lean individuals, called Lean Mass Hyper-Responders (LMHR), exhibit a pronounced hyperlipidemic response to the diet. The Lipid Energy Model (LEM) suggests that carbohydrate restriction in lean individuals drives increased secretion and uptake of TG contained in VLDL, leading to significant elevations in LDL-C and HDL-C levels and low TG levels.
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
David S. Ludwig, Belinda S. Lennerz, Jacob T. Mey
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
David S. Ludwig, Nicholas G. Norwitz, David Feldman, Adrian Soto-Mota, Tro Kalayjian
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
David S. Ludwig, Caroline M. Apovian, Louis J. Aronne, Arne Astrup, Lewis C. Cantley, Cara B. Ebbeling, Steven B. Heymsfield, James D. Johnson, Janet C. King, Ronald M. Krauss, Gary Taubes, Jeff S. Volek, Eric C. Westman, Walter C. Willett, William S. Yancy, Mark Friedman
Summary: The obesity pandemic continues to spread despite efforts to decrease energy intake and increase energy expenditure. There are two possible explanations for this failure: the public has not fully embraced the current approach, or the approach itself is based on an erroneous paradigm. The energy balance model attributes obesity to overeating, while the carbohydrate-insulin model suggests that hormonal responses to processed carbohydrates lead to energy deposition in adipose tissue. Resolving the deficiencies in the energy balance model is crucial to inform prevention and treatment strategies, but both models agree on targeting processed carbohydrates as major drivers of obesity.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Steven B. Heymsfield, David S. Ludwig, Julia M. W. Wong, Cassidy McCarthy, Moonseong Heo, John Shepherd, Cara B. Ebbeling
Summary: Two studies with participants who were overweight and obese showed that the chemical proportions of FFM may change after short-term weight loss, particularly in terms of bone mineral and protein composition. This observation highlights the need for caution when using widely used body composition models and methods, especially in clinical trials where FFM is used as a safety signal or for metabolic evaluations.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adrian Soto-Mota, Mark A. Pereira, Cara B. Ebbeling, Lucia Aronica, David S. Ludwig
Summary: The DIETFITS trial demonstrated that meaningful weight loss can be achieved with either a healthy low-carbohydrate diet or healthy low-fat diet. However, the factors mediating weight loss remain unclear due to the substantial decrease in glycemic load in both diets.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
David S. Ludwig, Frank B. Hu, Alice H. Lichtenstein, Walter C. Willett
Summary: Worldwide dietary guidelines in the late 20th century promoted a low-fat diet based on the belief that dietary fat causes excess weight gain. However, recent high-quality evidence refutes this association. Substituting carbohydrates for unsaturated fat may increase insulin resistance and cardiometabolic disease, particularly in populations with prevalent insulin resistance. Therefore, the recent WHO recommendation to limit dietary fat to <= 30% seems ill advised and should be reconsidered.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Biology
David S. Ludwig
Summary: Conventional obesity treatment focuses on overeating as the cause of excess body fat, but the carbohydrate-insulin model suggests that storing excess fat actually drives overeating. A diet high in rapidly digestible carbohydrates increases insulin secretion, leading to increased fat storage, hunger, and a decrease in metabolic rate. This perspective highlights the need to target underlying factors, rather than relying on calorie restriction and low-fat diets. Lowering insulin secretion through dietary strategies may be more effective for long-term weight management and chronic disease prevention.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)