Article
Biology
Bettina Pretterklieber, Michael L. Pretterklieber, Katharina Kerschan-Schindl
Summary: This study aimed to accurately describe the adductor muscles in albino rats and found that these muscles can be constantly separated and clearly assigned to their names. Further research is needed to investigate these muscles in other species, especially in humans.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Andrew R. Cuff, Ashleigh L. A. Wiseman, Peter J. Bishop, Krijn B. Michel, Raphaelle Gaignet, John R. Hutchinson
Summary: In vertebrates, muscle forces acting on bones drive active movement. This study investigates the relationship between physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) and muscular attachment areas (AAs) in hindlimb muscles of Nile crocodiles and bird species. Findings show variations in the ratio between AAs and PCSA within and across species, but muscle fascicle lengths are consistent within individual species. Equations can predict the ratio of muscle AA to PCSA, and this method can be used to estimate muscle sizes in archosaurian muscles.
JOURNAL OF ANATOMY
(2023)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Bartosz Borczyk, Tomasz Skawinski
Summary: We dissected the cephalic musculature of 28 snake species and found that the pattern of their musculature is conservative. There is no interspecific variation in the intermandibular muscles or in the posterior jaw adductors. Variation within the dorsal constrictors and lateral jaw adductors is relatively low, possibly due to morphological limitations and functional constraints.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthew M. Rhodes, Donald M. Henderson, Philip J. Currie
Summary: This passage discusses the locomotion in paleobiology, focusing on the comparison of osteological structures and proportions between theropod dinosaurs and birds. By examining the pelvic bones and muscles, researchers can reconstruct the primary locomotory muscles in theropods and their closest extant relatives, providing insights into the evolution of locomotor modules. The study highlights the complexity of locomotory adaptations and suggests a significant step in caudal decoupling occurred at or near the base of Maniraptora.
Article
Geology
David K. Smith
Summary: This study reconstructed the hindlimb musculature of the basal therizinosaur Falcarius utahensis using muscle scars, information from extant birds and crocodylians, and models of Tyrannosaurus rex. The results suggested that the evolution of opisthopubic pelvis, muscular changes, avian stance, and mode of walking occurred more than once.
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Rodrigo Pegas, Fabiana R. Costa, Alexander W. A. Kellner
Summary: Studying the muscle structure of extinct groups without descendants is challenging, but reconstructing the jaw muscles of pterosaurs offers a new direction. By using osteological correlates and the extant phylogenetic bracketing method, researchers can estimate bite force and investigate potential dietary habits of pterosaurs.
ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Jeffeson Hildo Medeiros de Queiroz, Joao Paulo Frota, Filipe Abdala dos Reis, Rodrigo Ribeiro de Oliveira
Summary: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Brazilian Adductor Performance Test (BAPT) for predicting hip adductor muscle injuries in elite soccer athletes. A total of 108 soccer athletes were assessed, and the BAPT scores were compared between injured and uninjured athletes. The results showed that low BAPT scores increased the chance of injury, and the cutoff point for the number of repetitions in the BAPT was identified. The BAPT can be used to identify athletes at risk of hip adductor muscle injuries, potentially reducing the rate of this injury in soccer clubs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORTS PHYSIOLOGY AND PERFORMANCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Adrianna C. Shembel, Evgeny Kanshin, Beatrix Ueberheide, Aaron M. Johnson
Summary: This study compared global protein expression in laryngeal and hindlimb muscles, finding over 1,000 proteins in common across age groups. Age-related differences were observed in 107 proteins in hindlimb muscle and 19 proteins in laryngeal muscle. Differences in protein expression may relate to immune responses, stress redox, and RNA repair.
Article
Developmental Biology
Susan Wilde, Eleanor M. Feneck, Timothy J. Mohun, Malcolm P. O. Logan
Summary: This study provides a new, 4D anatomical characterization of developing human upper limb muscles, showing the progressive wave-like development of muscles and key events in muscle formation. Some muscle bundles undergo splitting to form individual muscles, while others translocate to reach their correct positions. Furthermore, it is revealed that palmaris longus fails to form early in development.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Karolin Engelkes, Supak Panpeng, Alexander Haas
Summary: This study resolved inconsistencies in the identification and naming of shoulder joint muscles in frogs and toads by comparing the ontogenetic development, innervation, and adult morphology of selected anuran species. The results indicated that a consistent nomenclature based on homology across species can help clarify the muscle development processes and structures.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Cesar M. Garcia-Esponda, Ana R. Calanoce, Adriana M. Candela
Summary: This study analyzed the morphological diversity, homologies, functions, and evolutionary changes of shoulder muscles in cavioids that constitute the m. brachiocephalicus in cursorial mammals, revealing their important role in high-speed running.
JOURNAL OF MAMMALIAN EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Takuya Kato, Keigo Taniguchi, Daisuke Kikukawa, Taiki Kodesho, Masaki Katayose
Summary: The study found that during isometric hip flexion, the stiffness of the adductor longus muscle was significantly higher at 0 degrees compared to 40 degrees and 80 degrees.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROMYOGRAPHY AND KINESIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Robert L. Cieri, Taylor J. M. Dick, Jeremy S. Morris, Christofer J. Clemente
Summary: This passage discusses the biomechanical challenge faced by larger terrestrial animals in supporting their body weight, using varanids as a case study to examine how muscles adapt to this challenge. The study found that muscle fiber cross-sectional area increases moderately with body mass, but the scaling of muscle fiber cross-sectional area varies among different taxonomic groups.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Orthopedics
Zuzana Perraton, Peter Lawrenson, Andrea B. Mosler, James M. Elliott, Kenneth A. Weber, Natasha A. M. S. Flack, Jon Cornwall, Rebecca J. Crawford, Christopher Stewart, Adam Semciw
Summary: This scoping review collates and synthesizes MRI methods for measuring lateral hip muscle size and fatty infiltration, aiming to inform the development of standardized protocols. Several consistent anatomical levels were identified for single axial MR slice to facilitate muscle size and fatty infiltration muscle measures at the hip, providing the basis for reliable and accurate data synthesis and improvements in the validity of future between studies analyses.
BMC MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Dieudone Kabkia, Aklesso Ataba, Kondi Charles Agba
Summary: This study aims to fill the lack of illustrations on the myology of the thoracic limb of the cane rat, and reveals the similarities and particularities of its muscles.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2022)