Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Claire E. McCarthy, Parker F. Duffney, Aitor Nogales, Christina M. Post, B. Paige Lawrence, Luis Martinez-Sobrido, Thomas H. Thatcher, Richard P. Phipps, Patricia J. Sime
Summary: This study investigated the impact of dung biomass smoke exposure on respiratory infection using a mouse model and cultured human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs). The results showed that dung biomass smoke exposure led to increased mortality, lung inflammation, elevated virus levels, and suppressed expression of innate anti-viral mediators in mice infected with influenza A virus (IAV). Moreover, dung biomass smoke exposure also suppressed the production of anti-viral cytokines and interferons in cultured SAECs.
TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Marta Schiliro, Elizabeth R. Vogel, Lucia Paolini, Christina M. Pabelick
Summary: The detrimental effects of tobacco exposure on children's health are well known, and the prevalence of secondhand or direct cigarette smoke exposure in the pediatric population has not significantly decreased over time. Additionally, the rapid increase in e-cigarette use among adolescents has raised public health concerns.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lilan Wang, Yao Wang, Jianwen Chen, Xue-Min Yang, Xing-Tao Jiang, Peiqing Liu, Min Li
Summary: This study compared the effects of cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) to electronic cigarette smoke condensate (ECSC) on human lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) at equivalent nicotine levels. The results showed that compared to CSC, ECSC did not significantly impact cell effects and gene expression profile at equimolar nicotine concentrations.
ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sung-Moo Lee, Young-Jun Shin, Ryeo-Eun Go, Seon-Hee Bae, Cho-Won Kim, Soochong Kim, Min-Seok Kim, Kyung-Chul Choi
Summary: Exposure to cigarette smoke can exacerbate lung injury induced by bleomycin and lipopolysaccharide in rats, leading to inflammatory cell recruitment and increased expression of cytokines in the lung tissues. This study demonstrates that repeated exposure to cigarette smoke may worsen the progression of lung disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens, Georg E. Matt, Matthew J. Mazzella, John T. Doucette, Parita Ratnani, Ashley L. Merianos
Summary: This study examined the associations between inflammatory markers and pediatric illnesses related to children's exposure to tobacco smoke. The results showed that parent-reported child tobacco smoke exposure was associated with increased levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) in children, while children with bacterial diagnoses had higher levels of IL-8.
Article
Respiratory System
Nok Him Fung, Hao Wang, Ross Vlahos, Nick Wilson, Angel F. Lopez, Catherine M. Owczarek, Steven Bozinovski
Summary: This study identifies CSL311 as a therapeutic antibody that significantly inhibits immunopathology and lung injury caused by acute CS exposure.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Siddhi Jain, Sneha Durugkar, Pritam Saha, Sharad B. Gokhale, V. G. M. Naidu, Pawan Sharma
Summary: This study examined the efficacy of azithromycin alone and in combination with dexamethasone in treating cigarette smoke-induced acute lung inflammation. The results showed that azithromycin inhibited airway fibrosis, inflammation, and cell toxicity caused by cigarette smoke, and improved lung function. Further research is needed to validate the therapeutic efficacy of azithromycin as a treatment for COPD.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ryeo-Eun Go, Sung-Moo Lee, Young-Jun Shin, Min-Seok Kim, Chul-Min Park, Eul-Bee Ko, Soochong Kim, Kyung-Chul Choi
Summary: Cigarette smoke substances can cause various diseases, but evaluating their toxicity is challenging. This study compared the sensitivity of two animal models to cigarette smoke and identified the optimal exposure time in the lung injury rat model.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Seung Hoon Kim, Minah Park, Gyu Ri Kim, Hye Jin Joo, Sung-In Jang
Summary: Mixed use of electronic and conventional cigarettes and exposure to secondhand smoke increase the risk of prediabetes.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryan H. Nguyen, Laura B. Vater, Lava R. Timsina, Gregory A. Durm, Katelin Rupp, Keylee Wright, Miranda H. Spitznagle, Brandy Paul, Shadia Jalal, Lisa Carter-Harris, Karen S. Hudmon, Nasser H. Hanna, Patrick J. Loehrer, DuyKhanh P. Ceppa
Summary: The study found that counties with stronger smoke-free air ordinances had lower smoking rates and fewer new lung cancer cases per year. Therefore, strengthening smoke-free air ordinances is crucial for reducing lung cancer incidence.
Article
Respiratory System
Jef Serre, Ajime Tom Tanjeko, Carolien Mathyssen, An-Sofie Vanherwegen, Tobias Heigl, Rob Janssen, Eric Verbeken, Karen Maes, Bart Vanaudenaerde, Wim Janssens, Ghislaine Gayan-Ramirez
Summary: In this study, a standardized CS exposure protocol resulted in higher serum cotinine levels and more severe inflammation in the whole-body exposure system compared to the nose-only system. Both exposure systems showed similar lung function impairment, but differences were observed in lung inflammation and remodeling, indicating potential sensitization to CS. Researchers should consider these differences when designing future studies for early intervention in COPD.
RESPIRATORY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tingting Wu, Keye Xu, Chaobo Liu, Yan Li, Mingcai Li
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of interleukin-37 (IL-37) on cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation. By administering IL-37-expressing lentivirus to mice, it was found that IL-37 can alleviate weight loss and pulmonary inflammation induced by cigarette smoke. IL-37 also significantly inhibited inflammatory cell recruitment, reduced inflammatory cell increase, and suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Substance Abuse
Oktay Aslaner
Summary: This study experimentally investigated the oxidative effects of tobacco smoke and EC smoke containing nicotine on rats. Results showed that EC smoke induced oxidative stress, potentially posing risks to human health and leading to significant health problems.
EUROPEAN ADDICTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tiantian Cen, Yifeng Mai, Jie Jin, Minxuan Huang, Mingcai Li, Shanshan Wang, Hongying Ma
Summary: Our study aimed to investigate the ability of IL-41 to protect against CS-induced lung inflammation in vivo. The results showed that IL-41 pre-treatment alleviated pulmonary inflammatory infiltration and lung tissue lesions, limited CS-induced weight loss, and promoted the polarization of M2 macrophages. IL-41 also increased the levels of IL-10 and reduced the production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Feng Wang, Stefan Hadzic, Elsa T. Roxlau, Baerbel Fuehler, Annabella Janise-Libawski, Tobias Wimmer, Bo Lei, Shao-Wei Li, Norbert Weissmann, Knut Stieger
Summary: Exposure to electronic cigarette vapor, with or without nicotine, in mouse models was found to lead to inflammatory and pro-angiogenic reactions in the retina, retinal pigmented epithelium, and choroid. These reactions became more pronounced with longer exposure time.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Molly Easter, Jaleesa Garth, Elex S. Harris, Ren-Jay Shei, Eric S. Helton, Yuhua Wei, Rebecca Denson, Rennan Zaharias, Steven M. Rowe, Patrick Geraghty, Christian Faul, Jarrod W. Barnes, Stefanie Krick
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Megan E. Summers, Bradley W. Richmond, Jonathan A. Kropski, Sarah A. Majka, Julie A. Bastarache, Antonis K. Hatzopoulos, Jeffery Bylund, Moumita Ghosh, Irina Petrache, Robert F. Foronjy, Patrick Geraghty, Susan M. Majka
Summary: The Wnt inhibitor DKK1 plays a role in angiogenesis and regulation of growth factor signaling cascades in chronic lung diseases. Knockdown of DKK1 alters lung structure and response to hypoxia in mouse models. The context-specific effects of DKK1 on different cell types highlight its importance in understanding the development of chronic lung diseases.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-CELL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Christopher Railwah, Alnardo Lora, Kanza Zahid, Hannah Goldenberg, Michael Campos, Anne Wyman, Bakr Jundi, Magdalena Ploszaj, Melissa Rivas, Abdoulaye Dabo, Susan M. Majka, Robert Foronjy, Mohamed El Gazzar, Patrick Geraghty
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Marina Boruk, Christopher Railwah, Alnardo Lora, Sridesh Nath, Derek Wu, Lillian Chow, Panid Borhanjoo, Abdoulaye J. Dabo, Sadakat Chowdhury, Ryan Kaiser, Robert F. Foronjy, Richard Rosenfeld, Patrick Geraghty
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2020)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bakr Jundi, Patrick Geraghty
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Respiratory System
Zeeshan Sattar, Alnardo Lora, Bakr Jundi, Christopher Railwah, Patrick Geraghty
Summary: The S100 protein family consists of over 20 members involved in various cellular processes, with dysregulated responses observed in diseases. Extensive research has been conducted on their roles in pulmonary diseases and therapeutic strategies.
PULMONARY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Respiratory System
Bakey Kouanda, Zeeshan Sattar, Patrick Geraghty
Summary: Periodontal diseases, such as gingivitis, may contribute to the exacerbation of pulmonary diseases by allowing oral bacteria to enter the lungs and trigger inflammatory responses. Studies suggest a close association between periodontal diseases and respiratory conditions, highlighting the potential of periodontal therapy to improve lung function.
PULMONARY MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Bakr Jundi, Huma Ahmed, Joshua Reece, Patrick Geraghty
Summary: Hyperlipidemia is commonly found in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and is associated with disease progression and its comorbidities. Cholesterol accumulation in immune cells, particularly in response to cigarette smoke, has been linked to inflammatory and mitochondrial responses in lung epithelial cells. Targeting cholesterol responses through medications like statins or liver X receptor (LXR) agonists may be a potential strategy for improving pulmonary outcomes in COPD. This review focuses on the impact of cigarette smoke on cholesterol levels, cholesterol efflux, and the influence of cholesterol on immune and mitochondrial responses in the lungs.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sangmi S. Park, Jessica L. Perez Perez, Brais Perez Gandara, Christina W. Agudelo, Romy Rodriguez Ortega, Huma Ahmed, Itsaso Garcia-Arcos, Cormac McCarthy, Patrick Geraghty
Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients often have multiple comorbidities, with diabetes being more prevalent in this population. Genetic predisposition and cigarette smoke exposure may impact the development of lung function and diabetes. Despite a lack of direct mechanistic evidence, common pharmacological approaches may help slow the progression of these diseases.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Melissa Rivas, Gayatri Gupta, Louis Costanzo, Huma Ahmed, Anne E. Wyman, Patrick Geraghty
Summary: COPD is a disease of accelerated lung aging, with accumulating senescent cells contributing to dysregulated tissue repair and increased secretion of inflammatory proteins. This review discusses the mechanisms and consequences of cellular senescence in COPD and explores potential therapeutic approaches targeting senescence-associated signaling.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Ziyad Elgamal, Pratyush Singh, Patrick Geraghty
Summary: The microbiota of the upper airways plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and is impacted by environmental pollution, inflammation, and disease. The composition of the microbiota is associated with airborne exposures, diseases, and inflammatory conditions, influencing normal respiratory development and function.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sangmi S. Park, Romy Rodriguez Ortega, Christina W. Agudelo, Jessica Perez Perez, Brais Perez Gandara, Itsaso Garcia-Arcos, Cormac McCarthy, Patrick Geraghty
Summary: The role of Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) in diabetes mellitus (DM) has been established, with evidence showing its impact on both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Studies suggest that augmentation therapy with AAT can affect the development of diabetes and influence beta-cell function and inflammation. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential therapeutic strategies using AAT for treating DM.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2021)
Editorial Material
Respiratory System
Sridesh Nath, Patrick Geraghty
Article
Respiratory System
Subodh J. Saggi, Sridesh Nath, Roshni Culas, Seema Chittalae, Aaliya Burza, Maya Srinivasan, Rishard Abdul, Benjamin Silver, Alnardo Lora, Ishmam Ibtida, Tanuj Chokshi, Violeta Capric, Ammar Mohamed, Samrat Worah, Jie OuYang, Patrick Geraghty, Angelika Gruessner, Moro O. Salifu
CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CIRCULATORY RESPIRATORY AND PULMONARY MEDICINE
(2020)
Letter
Respiratory System
Marina Boruk, Abdoulaye J. Dabo, Sridesh Nath, Kanza Zahid, Magdalena Ploszaj, Derek Wu, Richard Rosenfeld, Robert F. Foronjy, Patrick Geraghty