Article
Microbiology
Zhidong Zhang, Ryan Waters, Yanmin Li
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) infection causes epithelial cell lesions and muscle-associated lesions in cloven-hoofed animals, leading to high mortality. Current knowledge about the non-epithelial tropism of FMDV remains limited.
VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jonathan Arzt, Ian H. Fish, Miranda R. Bertram, George R. Smoliga, Ethan J. Hartwig, Steven J. Pauszek, Lauren Holinka-Patterson, Fayna C. Diaz-San Segundo, Tatjana Sitt, Elizabeth Rieder, Carolina Stenfeldt
Summary: Research showed that cattle can be simultaneously infected with two different serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), with different outcomes depending on the timing of exposure to the viruses. Dominant interserotypic recombinant FMDVs were discovered in upper respiratory tract samples of superinfected animals, indicating the potential role of persistently infected FMDV carriers in generating novel viral strains.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Carolina Stenfeldt, Miranda R. Bertram, Haillie C. Meek, Ethan J. Hartwig, George R. Smoliga, Megan C. Niederwerder, Diego G. Diel, Scott A. Dee, Jonathan Arzt
Summary: The study investigated the infectivity of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in commercial pig feed and feed ingredients, determining the minimum infectious dose required for pigs to develop the disease. The results indicated that FMDV can remain infectious in pig feed ingredients for durations compatible with transoceanic transport, with variations in feeding conditions and virus strains affecting the probability of infection. This information can be used to model the risk of FMDV incursions and regulate feed importation to minimize the risk of unintentional importation.
TRANSBOUNDARY AND EMERGING DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Virology
Shichong Han, Xiaojia Wang, Junyong Guan, Jinen Wu, Yun Zhang, Pinghua Li, Zaixin Liu, Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah, Zhihui Zhang, Ye Jin, Shiqi Sun, Huichen Guo
Summary: Nucleolin (NCL) is identified as a protein interacting with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) IRES and regulating translation of various IRES-containing viruses. NCL plays a substantial role in viral replication by directly regulating viral protein production and indirectly influencing FMDV RNA synthesis. The cytoplasmic relocalization of NCL during FMDV infection is crucial for viral IRES-driven translation, highlighting its importance as a potential target for antiviral interventions.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Tatsuya Nishi, Katsuhiko Fukai, Kentaro Masujin, Rie Kawaguchi, Mitsutaka Ikezawa, Manabu Yamada, Nozomi Nakajima, Takashi Komeno, Yousuke Furuta, Hiromi Sugihara, Chie Kurosaki, Kenichi Sakamoto, Kazuki Morioka
Summary: This study found that the pyrazinecarboxamide derivative T-1105 has strong antiviral activity against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and can effectively control the spread of FMDV in pigs.
ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Kay Childs, Yongjie Harvey, Ryan Waters, Timothy Woma, Ginette Wilsden, Hualu Sun, Peng Sun, Julian Seago
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease is a highly contagious viral disease of livestock that has a severe economic impact on the agriculture industry in many regions. Current vaccines are not effective against the contemporary strains of the disease, particularly in East Africa. Researchers have identified stable strains of the virus and developed a quadrivalent vaccine that generates high neutralizing antibody titers and provides good cross-protection against regional strains.
Article
Immunology
Ben Jackson, Yongjie Harvey, Eva Perez-Martin, Ginette Wilsden, Nicholas Juleff, Bryan Charleston, Julian Seago
Summary: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a global burden on the livestock industry, with vaccination being the most effective control strategy in endemic regions. However, challenges such as the instability of FMDV and the emergence of new strains exist in the development of efficient vaccines. Currently, vaccines in East Africa are comprised of relatively historic strains with unknown stabilities.
Article
Immunology
Junyong Guan, Shichong Han, Jin'en Wu, Yun Zhang, Manyuan Bai, Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah, Shiqi Sun, Huichen Guo
Summary: Ribosomal protein L13 (RPL13) is involved in the antiviral immune response against foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), inhibiting viral replication by inducing the activation of NF-kappa B and IFN-beta genes. The interaction between FMDV 3C(pro) protease and RPL13 reduces the expression of RPL13, thereby counteracting its antiviral activity. This study provides new insights into cellular antiviral defenses and virus-antagonizing mechanisms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Ji-Hyeon Hwang, Gyeongmin Lee, Aro Kim, Jong-Hyeon Park, Min Ja Lee, Byounghan Kim, Su-Mi Kim
Summary: The newly developed A/SKR/Yeoncheon/2017 (A-1) vaccine strain shows high immunogenicity against FMDV serotype A in Asia and demonstrates good serological matching with field isolates in various tests.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhixun Zhao, Caiyun Huang, Xueliang Zhu, Zheng Qi, Yimei Cao, Pinghua Li, Huifang Bao, Pu Sun, Xingwen Bai, Yuanfang Fu, Kun Li, Jing Zhang, Xueqing Ma, Jian Wang, Hong Yuan, Dong Li, Zaixin Liu, Qiang Zhang, Zengjun Lu
Summary: In this study, a dual live vector vaccine against Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and Peste des petits ruminant disease (PPR) was constructed using the MVA-GFP recombinant virus skeleton. The recombinant virus successfully expressed the target proteins and the empty capsid of FMDV. This study laid the foundation for the successful construction of a live vector vaccine against FMD and PPR.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Virology
Sahibzada Waheed Abdullah, Jin'en Wu, Yun Zhang, Manyuan Bai, Junyong Guan, Xiangtao Liu, Shiqi Sun, Huichen Guo
Summary: This study examined the interaction between the nucleolar helicase DDX21 and foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), revealing DDX21's antagonistic role against FMDV by inhibiting FMDV IRES-dependent translation. Furthermore, FMDV degraded DDX21 through its non-structural proteins to evade host helicase antagonism, while DDX21 enhanced interferon-beta and interleukin-8 production to restrict viral replication.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Ernesto Garay, Diego Fontana, Lautaro Leschiutta, Ricardo Kratje, Claudio Prieto
Summary: Chimeric virus-like particles were generated by identifying suitable regions in rabies glycoprotein to expose a major antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), demonstrating a novel heterologous display platform concept. The study successfully identified appropriate insertion sites for heterologous sequences without affecting proper folding of the protein, leading to exposed foreign antigens recognized by antibodies. This work provides a foundation for the development of a heterologous antigen display platform based on rabies VLPs.
APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tingting Ren, Haotai Chen, Xinsheng Liu, Yanxue Wang, Aixia Fan, Linlin Qi, Li Pan, Wenlong Bai, Yongguang Zhang, Yuefeng Sun
Summary: The ID1 protein promotes the degradation of FOXO1, suppresses interferon production, and inhibits HDAC4, ultimately suppressing the replication of FDMV and potentially other viruses.
Article
Immunology
Ntungufhadzeni M. Rathogwa, Katherine A. Scott, Pamela Opperman, Jacques Theron, Francois F. Maree
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of two adjuvant formulations combined with a structurally stabilized SAT2 vaccine antigen and found that the Montanide ISA 206B-adjuvanted vaccine elicited a higher SAT2 neutralizing antibody response and three times higher systemic IFN-gamma responses compared to the Quil-A Saponin-adjuvanted vaccine group at 14- and 28-days post-vaccination. Serum antibodies from the immunized animals reacted similarly to both the parental vaccine virus and mutated viruses simulating antigenic drift in nature.
Article
Virology
Aro Kim, Gyeongmin Lee, Ji-Hyeon Hwang, Jong-Hyeon Park, Min Ja Lee, Byounghan Kim, Su-Mi Kim
Summary: The development of a novel antiviral and immunostimulant, Bac-Con3N IFN-alpha, in combination with inactivated FMD vaccines, shows promise in providing early protection against FMDV in pigs and boosting neutralizing antibody levels.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Moreno-Morcillo, Rosario Francisco-Velilla, Azman Embarc-Buh, Javier Fernandez-Chamorro, Santiago Ramon-Maiques, Encarna Martinez-Salas
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Rodrigo Canas-Arranz, Mar Forner, Sira Defaus, Patricia de Leon, Maria J. Bustos, Elisa Torres, Francisco Sobrino, David Andreu, Esther Blanco
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sergio Israel Rangel-Guerrero, Pablo Alberto Franco-Urquijo, Encarnacion Martinez-Salas, Luis Marat Alvarez-Salas
Summary: The study revealed the importance of the Let-7:LIN28 regulatory loop in miRNA regulation, investigated the binding differences between LIN28B and pre-let-7 members, and uncovered diverse structural patterns within the pre-let-7 family through SHAPE mapping.
NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jose A. Orden, Isidro Garcia-Menino, Saskia C. Flament-Simon, Jorge Blanco, Ricardo de la Fuente, Abel Martinez-Rodrigo, Alicia Mas, Javier Carrion, Francisco Sobrino, Gustavo Dominguez-Bernal
Summary: The study found a high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli, including pathogenic strains, in raccoons from Madrid, Spain. These raccoons may pose a risk to public health due to their potential to contaminate food and the environment with their feces.
ZOONOSES AND PUBLIC HEALTH
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Margarita Saiz, Encarnacion Martinez-Salas
Summary: RNA viruses have developed mechanisms to manipulate host RNA-binding proteins for their own gene expression. The L protein of foot-and-mouth disease virus cleaves translation initiation factors, challenging the definition of consensus sites for its targets. Identification of a motif centered on the RKAR sequence sheds light on potential L target sites in essential RNA-binding proteins.
WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Mar Forner, Rodrigo Canas-Arranz, Sira Defaus, Patricia de Leon, Miguel Rodriguez-Pulido, Llilianne Ganges, Esther Blanco, Francisco Sobrino, David Andreu
Summary: Vaccines are crucial in improving global health, but few are fully effective. Subunit vaccines have emerged as an alternative, showing progress in preventing diseases like foot-and-mouth disease.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rodrigo Canas-Arranz, Patricia de Leon, Sira Defaus, Elisa Torres, Mar Forner, Maria J. Bustos, David Andreu, Esther Blanco, Francisco Sobrino
Summary: The study demonstrates that tethering B- and T-cell epitopes to a single molecular platform is crucial for successful T-cell help and induction of high nAb levels in mice. Additionally, immunization of mice with a mixture of B2T-3A dendrimers containing B-cell epitopes from FMDV types O and C resulted in similarly high nAb levels against both serotypes, suggesting the development of a multivalent vaccine platform against various serologically distinct FMDVs.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Azman Embarc-Buh, Rosario Franscisco-Velilla, Sergio Camero, Jose Manuel Perez-Canadillas, Encarnacion Martinez-Salas
Summary: The study found that the RBS1 domain of Gemin5, although mostly unfolded in the presence of RNA, still retains RNA binding capability. Mutational analysis confirmed the presence of an evolutionarily conserved motif enriched in R, S, W, and H residues, which are necessary for promoting RNA-binding via pi-pi interactions.
Review
Virology
Azman Embarc-Buh, Rosario Francisco-Velilla, Encarnacion Martinez-Salas
Summary: Viral RNAs rely on host cells to complete their replication cycle, with host proteins playing critical roles in the infection process, and RNA architecture directly impacting virus multiplication and spreading.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Rosario Francisco-Velilla, Azman Embarc-Buh, Salvador Abellan, Encarnacion Martinez-Salas
Summary: The genome of picornaviruses consists of a single RNA strand and relies on cellular machinery for replication. IRES elements in the genome control protein synthesis and subsequent replication steps. Recent studies show that these IRES elements have a modular structure and interact with ribosome subunits, eIFs, and RNA-binding proteins.
Article
Cell Biology
Deepa S. Rajan, Sukhleen Kour, Tyler R. Fortuna, Margot A. Cousin, Sarah S. Barnett, Zhiyv Niu, Dusica Babovic-Vuksanovic, Eric W. Klee, Brian Kirmse, Micheil Innes, Siri Lynne Rydning, Kaja K. Selmer, Magnus Dehli Vigeland, Anne Kjersti Erichsen, Andrea H. Nemeth, Francisca Millan, Catherine DeVile, Katherine Fawcett, Adrien Legendre, David Sims, Ricardo Parolin Schnekenberg, Lydie Burglen, Sandra Mercier, Somayeh Bakhtiari, Encarnacion Martinez-Salas, Kristen Wigby, Jerica Lenberg, Jennifer R. Friedman, Michael C. Kruer, Udai Bhan Pandey
Summary: This study discovered biallelic variants in the GEMIN5 gene among nine affected individuals, leading to abnormal protein structure and reduced expression of snRNP complex proteins. The research expands on the phenotypic spectrum associated with GEMIN5-related disease, providing insights into patients with spastic ataxia, cerebellar atrophy, and motor predominant developmental delay.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Rosario Francisco-Velilla, Azman Embarc-Buh, Francisco del Cano-Ochoa, Salvador Abellan, Marcal Vilar, Sara Alvarez, Alberto Fernandez-Jaen, Sukhleen Kour, Deepa S. Rajan, Udai Bhan Pandey, Santiago Ramon-Maiques, Encarnacion Martinez-Salas
Summary: Dysfunction of RNA-binding protein Gemin5 is associated with neurological disorders. This study identified functional and structural deficiencies associated with compound heterozygosity variants within the Gemin5 gene in patients with neurodevelopmental disorders. These variants disrupt interactions with protein networks and ribosomes, affecting translation and RNA-driven pathways.
LIFE SCIENCE ALLIANCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Azman Embarc-Buh, Rosario Francisco-Velilla, Juan Antonio Garcia-Martin, Salvador Abellan, Jorge Ramajo, Encarnacion Martinez-Salas
Summary: Selective translation is regulated by Gemin5, an RNA-binding protein involved in snRNP assembly. Gemin5 stimulates translation of specific mRNAs through interaction with unique cis-acting elements. Ribosomal and histone mRNAs, which contain specific regulatory elements, are enriched in polysomes and coprecipitate with Gemin5. Disruption of these regulatory elements impairs Gemin5-RNA interaction and translation. Therefore, Gemin5 plays a role in the translation of specific mRNA subsets encoding proteins involved in cellular processes.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Patricia de Leon, Rodrigo Canas-Arranz, Maria Jose Bustos, Margarita Saiz, Francisco Sobrino
Summary: Antiviral compounds targeting cellular metabolism, such as lauryl gallate (LG) and valproic acid (VPA), exhibit a wide antiviral spectrum and can effectively reduce virus replication of coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2. These compounds demonstrate a post-entry mechanism of action and show a synergistic effect when used in combination with remdesivir. These findings highlight the potential of host-targeted compounds as a first line of defense against viral diseases and as a complement to vaccines.
ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS AND CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Ascension Ariza-Mateos, Carlos Briones, Celia Perales, Francisco Sobrino, Esteban Domingo, Jordi Gomez
Summary: Studies with RNA enzymes and protein enzymes have identified structural elements in cellular mRNAs and viral RNAs that have common structural folds and may have an ancient and common origin. The term 'mRNA archaeology' refers to the search for these ancient RNA elements, which can provide insights into early evolutionary developments. These RNA elements may have developed as biological signals with structural and functional relevance, coexisting with the linear information of nucleic acid molecules.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)