Article
Infectious Diseases
M. Chipinduro, C. Timire, J. Chirenda, R. Matambo, E. Munemo, B. Makamure, A. F. Nhidza, W. Tinago, V Chikwasha, M. Ngwenya, J. Mutsvangwa, J. Z. Metcalfe, C. Sandy
Summary: The first national TB prevalence survey in Zimbabwe in 2014 found a decrease in TB disease prevalence relative to prior estimates, possibly due to increased antiretroviral therapy coverage and successful national TB control strategies. Continued investments in TB diagnostics for improved case detection are required.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jingjing Luo, Xia Yu, Lingling Dong, Fengmin Huo, Yifeng Ma, Qian Liang, Yuanyuan Shang, Hairong Huang
Summary: This study aimed to identify the causes of smear-positive-culture-negative (S+/C-) outcomes in tuberculosis patients during treatment. A retrospective study was conducted at Beijing Chest Hospital in China. The results showed that the S+/C- rates were higher in the liquid culture group compared to the solid culture group.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
S. F. Weber, L. C. Ruby, T. Heller, M. Hande, B. A. Shastry, R. Acharya, R. Bhat, S. Shankar, M. Prabhu, A. K. Mohapatra, R. Magazine, R. Kadavigere, C. M. Denkinger, S. Gehring, S. Belard, K. Saravu
Summary: Through a prospective cohort study using point-of-care ultrasound in Indian patients with presumed TB, refined case definitions showed high proportions of EPTB even without HIV or DM. HIV altered the TB disease pattern towards EPTB and DM towards PTB, indicating that the dichotomy between PTB or EPTB does not fully represent the spectrum of TB disease. EPTB should receive higher priority in research and clinical practice.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Yingjiao Ju, Chengji Jin, Shan Chen, Jie Wang, Cuidan Li, Xiaotong Wang, Peihan Wang, Liya Yue, Xiaoyuan Jiang, Bahetibieke Tuohetaerbaike, Ying Li, Yongjie Sheng, Wushou'er Qimanguli, Jing Wang, Fei Chen
Summary: This study used proteomic analysis to identify specific protein signatures in the plasma of Smear-Negative Pulmonary Tuberculosis (SNPT) and Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (SPPT) patients, revealing dysfunctional immune response and metabolism in both groups. SPPT patients displayed stronger innate immune activation and lipid metabolic inhibition compared to SNPT patients, while SNPT patients showed activated antigen-presenting cells (APCs) suggesting their critical role in determining different bacterial loads/phenotypes in SNPT and SPPT.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
R. Monreal-Robles, J. A. Gonzalez-Gonzalez, J. Sordia-Ramirez, E. Ruiz-Holguin, A. A. Negreros-Osuna, S. de la Rosa-Pacheco, B. Soto-Moncivais, A. Rendon
Summary: This study reported the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, treatment, and outcomes of gastrointestinal TB. The incidence of gastrointestinal TB was low among TB patients, but the mortality rate was high. HIV-positive and non-HIV patients had similar clinical progress, drug susceptibility patterns, and outcomes. The combined variable of hemoglobin and albumin on admission was associated with mortality.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TUBERCULOSIS AND LUNG DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Edith E. Machowski, Matebogo Letutu, Limakatso Lebina, Ziyaad Waja, Reginah Msandiwa, Minja Milovanovic, Bhavna G. Gordhan, Kennedy Otwombe, Sven O. Friedrich, Richard Chaisson, Andreas H. Diacon, Bavesh Kana, Neil Martinson
Summary: The study found that while baseline smear-positive patients had higher bacterial loads than smear-negative patients, most smear-negative PLH had significant bacillary load at enrollment and their mycobacteria were cleared more rapidly. The decline in bacterial load in smear-negative patients was linear to day 7, suggesting measurable bactericidal activity, and comparable to smear-positive individuals. Additionally, increasing cycle threshold values (Ct) on the Xpert assay in smear-positive patients to day 14 implied decreasing bacterial load.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Raksha Rimal, Dhiraj Shrestha, Susil Pyakurel, Rashmi Poudel, Prasha Shrestha, Kul Raj Rai, Gokarna Raj Ghimire, Ganesh Rai, Shiba Kumar Rai
Summary: This study evaluated the performance of GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) in smear-negative sputum samples. The results showed that GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay had comparable diagnostic performance with culture, making it a reliable method for MTB detection in smear-negative sputum samples.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Makoto Hasegawa, Yuji Ito, Yasuhiro Osugi, Masahiro Hashimoto, Nanako Hashimoto, Kunio Yano
Summary: This article presents a case of extrapulmonary pneumocystosis in an HIV-positive patient. The diagnosis was confirmed through a core-needle biopsy, and the patient was treated with trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole and pentamidine, followed by initiation of antiretroviral treatment. The patient's clinical condition improved after treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Matilde Sanchez-Conde, Claudio Alba, Irma Castro, Fernando Dronda, Margarita Ramirez, Rebeca Arroyo, Santiago Moreno, Juan Miguel Rodriguez, Fatima Branas
Summary: Comparing the fecal bacteriome of people with HIV and non-HIV controls, it was found that the composition of the bacteriome in people with HIV is different, and there may be a link between depression and gut dysbiosis in the HIV population.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jacqui Venturas, Jarrod Zamparini, Erica Shaddock, Sarah Stacey, Lyle Murray, Guy A. Richards, Ismail Kalla, Adam Mahomed, Farzahna Mohamed, Mervyn Mer, Innocent Maposa, Charles Feldman
Summary: The study found that HIV is not a risk factor for moderate or severe COVID-19 disease, nor is it a risk factor for mortality. However, HIV-positive patients with COVID-19 requiring admission to hospital are more likely to be younger than their HIV-negative counterparts. These findings need to be confirmed in future, prospective studies.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Lydia Nakiyingi, John Mark Bwanika, Willy Ssengooba, Frank Mubiru, Damalie Nakanjako, Moses L. Joloba, Harriet Mayanja-Kizza, Yukari C. Manabe
Summary: In high prevalence TB/HIV settings, CXR interpretation can increase the sensitivity of TB diagnosis in HIV-positive smear-negative patients at the expense of specificity.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ni Nyoman Indirawati, Evy Yunihastuti, Mira Yulianti, Ujainah Zaini Nasir, Dewi Wulandari, Ikhwan Rinaldi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of urine LAM tests using FujiLAM (R) for diagnosing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in patients with HIV. The results showed that FujiLAM (R) had a certain sensitivity and specificity, making it a feasible method for diagnosing EPTB.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Umer Ahmed Usmael, Nega Berhane Tesema, Selfu Girma, Desalegn Adane Kendie, Musin Kelel Abas
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of using PCR-RFLP assay to identify L. donovani species from clinical smear slide samples. The results showed that the ITS1-RFLP method exhibited high sensitivity and specificity in identifying L. donovani species in smear negative clinical samples of visceral leishmaniasis patients.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Luisa Galati, Rosario N. Brancaccio, Purnima Gupta, Eugenie Lohmann, Alexis Robitaille, Racheal S. Dube Mandishora, Cyrille Cuenin, Raffaele Filotico, Jean-Damien Combes, Anna R. Giuliano, Maria Gabriella Dona, Massimo Tommasino, Tarik Gheit
Summary: Overall, our study found that alpha HPV types were more prevalent in MSM, beta HPV types were more common in MSW, and gamma HPV types were equally distributed among the three groups. Additionally, several putative novel PV types were identified in the anal mucosa of men with different sexual behaviors and HIV status.
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Dong-Mei Wang, Qing-Feng Li, Ma Zhu, Yuan-Hong Xu, Yi Liao
Summary: This study analyzed the clinical characteristics, common sites, and drug resistance profile of culture-confirmed extrapulmonary tuberculosis/human immunodeficiency virus (EPTB/HIV) co-infection patients in Southwest China from 2017 to 2020. The study found that the majority of patients were young males, and the most common sites of EPTB were meningeal and lymphatic. The common symptoms were diarrhea, headache, and fever. High rates of drug resistance were observed.
JOURNAL OF GLOBAL ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Ashar Dhana, Yohhei Hamada, Andre P. Kengne, Andrew D. Kerkhoff, Molebogeng X. Rangaka, Tamara Kredo, Annabel Baddeley, Cecily Miller, Satvinder Singh, Yasmeen Hanifa, Alison D. Grant, Katherine Fielding, Dissou Affolabi, Corinne S. Merle, Ablo Prudence Wachinou, Christina Yoon, Adithya Cattamanchi, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Neil Martinson, Eyongetah Tabenyang Mbu, Melissa S. Sander, Taye T. Balcha, Sten Skogmar, Byron W. P. Reeve, Grant Theron, Gcobisa Ndlangalavu, Surbhi Modi, Joseph Cavanaugh, Susan Swindells, Richard E. Chaisson, Faiz Ahmad Khan, Andrea A. Howard, Robin Wood, Swe Swe Thit, Mar Mar Kyi, Josh Hanson, Paul K. Drain, Adrienne E. Shapiro, Tendesayi Kufa, Gavin Churchyard, Duc T. Nguyen, Edward A. Graviss, Stephanie Bjerrum, Isik S. Johansen, Jill K. Gersh, David J. Horne, Sylvia M. LaCourse, Haider Abdulrazzaq Abed Al-Darraji, Adeeba Kamarulzaman, Russell R. Kempker, Nestani Tukvadze, David A. Barr, Graeme Meintjes, Gary Maartens
Summary: C-reactive protein can reduce the need for further rapid diagnostic tests without compromising sensitivity and has been included in the updated WHO tuberculosis screening guidelines. However, further research is needed to evaluate the utility of C-reactive protein in outpatients on ART.
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Matthew Dodd, Katherine Fielding, James R. Carpenter, Jennifer A. Thompson, Diana Elbourne
Summary: There are statistical methods available to adjust for the impact of non-adherence in non-inferiority trials. However, these methods are rarely used, and firm conclusions regarding their influence on non-inferiority conclusions cannot be drawn. Therefore, it is recommended to consider using these methods in sensitivity analyses.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Arnold Bainomugisa, Evelyn Lavu, Sushil Pandey, Suman Majumdar, Jennifer Banamu, Chris Coulter, Ben Marais, Lachlan Coin, Stephen M. Graham, Philipp du Cros
Summary: The study examined the transmission and drug resistance of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Papua New Guinea, revealing that drug resistance among major clades of Beijing strains threatens the success of DR-TB treatment. The National Capital District in Papua New Guinea had a high proportion of genomic clusters, reflecting its potential role in the spread of drug-resistant strains. Detection of resistance to new drugs like bedaquiline highlights the importance of understanding complete drug resistance profiles for optimal treatment selection.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Violet Chihota, Thobani R. Ntshiqa, Pholo Maenetje, Raoul D. Mansukhani, Kavindhran J. Velen, Thomas Hawn, Robert Wallis, Alison Grant, Gavin Churchyard, Katherine Fielding
Summary: Despite high exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, only a small proportion of South African gold miners resist TB infection and they do not have distinguishing epidemiological characteristics.
Review
Immunology
Ashar Dhana, Yohhei Hamada, Andre P. Kengne, Andrew D. Kerkhoff, Molebogeng X. Rangaka, Tamara Kredo, Annabel Baddeley, Cecily Miller, Ankur Gupta-Wright, Katherine Fielding, Robin Wood, Helena Huerga, Sekai Chenai Mathabire Rucker, Christine Heidebrecht, Douglas Wilson, Stephanie Bjerrum, Isik S. Johansen, Swe Swe Thit, Mar Mar Kyi, Josh Hanson, David A. Barr, Graeme Meintjes, Gary Maartens
Summary: The study indicates that for HIV-positive inpatients, the WHO recommends tuberculosis screening using W4SS and Xpert rapid diagnostic test, which shows good sensitivity and specificity. However, alternative screening tests do not perform as well as the Xpert algorithm, which can further improve diagnostic accuracy when the screening results are positive.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Helen R. Stagg, Jennifer A. Thompson, Marc C. Lipman, Derek J. Sloan, Mary Flook, Katherine L. Fielding
Summary: This study aimed to determine the impact of regimen length, drugs, dosing, and nonadherence timing on the forgiveness of antituberculosis regimens. The results showed that shorter 4-month regimens were just as forgiving as the standard 6-month regimen and did not differ in terms of nonadherence tolerance. The study also found evidence of mediation by continuation phase dose-taking on the relationship between intensive phase dose-taking and negative outcome.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Catherine Berry, Philipp du Cros, Katherine Fielding, Suzanne Gajewski, Emil Kazounis, Timothy D. McHugh, Corinne Merle, Ilaria Motta, David A. J. Moore, Bern-Thomas Nyang'wa
Summary: TB-PRACTECAL is a clinical trial evaluating different regimens for treating rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis, aiming to find a shorter, less toxic, and more efficacious treatment approach. The trial has faced challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic but has utilized adaptive design and a patient-centered approach to accelerate regimen assessment.
Article
Immunology
Claire J. Calderwood, Mpho Tlali, Aaron S. Karat, Christopher J. Hoffmann, Salome Charalambous, Suzanne Johnson, Alison D. Grant, Katherine L. Fielding
Summary: This study found that individuals with advanced HIV who start antiretroviral therapy early have a higher risk of mortality. Lower CD4 count, lower body mass index, presence of tuberculosis-related symptoms, detectable urine lipoarabinomannan, and anemia were independent risk factors for hospitalization/death. These findings can guide targeted interventions to improve outcomes for these high-risk individuals.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bern-Thomas Nyang'wa, Catherine Berry, Emil Kazounis, Ilaria Motta, Nargiza Parpieva, Zinaida Tigay, Varvara Solodovnikova, Irina Liverko, Ronelle Moodliar, Matthew Dodd, Nosipho Ngubane, Mohammed Rassool, Timothy D. McHugh, Melvin Spigelman, David A. J. Moore, Koert Ritmeijer, Philipp du Cros, Katherine Fielding, TB-PRACTECAL Study Collaborators
Summary: The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of three all-oral regimens for the treatment of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. The results showed that a 24-week all-oral regimen was noninferior to standard care and had fewer side effects.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anne Perrocheau, Freya Jephcott, Nima Asgari-Jirhanden, Jane Greig, Nicolas Peyraud, Joanna Tempowski
Summary: This study reviewed ten outbreaks in African and Asian countries between 2007-2017 to identify methods that hinder or facilitate the identification of the cause. The cause was identified in seven outbreaks, with two having an unclear mode of transmission and three having unknown origin and transmission. Similar obstacles were found, such as incomplete or delayed patient descriptions, comorbidities confounding clinical presentations, and incorrect attribution of case definitions.
INTERNATIONAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Michael L. Rekart, Lidiya Mun, Aung Aung, Diana Gomez, Winston Mulanda, Jarmila Kliescikova, Norman Sitali, Asliddin Rajabov, Shahnoza Azamova, Bobojon Pirmahmadzoda, Jay Achar, Jose Luis Alvarez, Jane Greig, Philipp du Cros, Animesh Sinha
Summary: This study reports on the diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra assay for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis in fresh stool specimens from children with confirmed tuberculosis in Tajikistan. The assay showed a sensitivity of 68.8% and a specificity of 98.7% in confirmed TB disease. The study demonstrates the feasibility of implementing this assay in a centralized hospital laboratory in a low-middle-income country.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephanie Main, Rina Triasih, Jane Greig, Arif Hidayat, Immanuel Billy Brilliandi, Syarifah Khodijah, Geoff Chan, Nova Wilks, Amy Elizabeth Parry, Betty Nababan, Philipp du Cros, Bintari Dwihardiani
Summary: A study in Indonesia found that 25% of healthcare workers had tuberculosis infection, with male, those working in hospitals, and older age being associated with a higher risk of infection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rachel Mukora, Noriah Maraba, Catherine Orrell, Lauren Jennings, Pren Naidoo, M. Thulani Mbatha, Kavindhran Velen, Katherine Fielding, Salome Charalambous, Candice Maylene Chetty-Makkan
Summary: The MATE study in South Africa investigated the use of the Wisepill evriMED digital adherence technology to improve TB treatment adherence through a differentiated care approach. Interviews with healthcare providers revealed the feasibility of integrating this approach into the TB programme, but also highlighted challenges such as resource shortages and system delays.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Nur Rahmi Ananda, Rina Triasih, Bintari Dwihardiani, Betty Nababan, Arif Hidayat, Geoff Chan, Philipp du Cros
Summary: This study describes the spectrum and outcomes of TB disease diagnosed through a mobile community-based active case finding (ACF) program in Yogyakarta. The study found that ACF programs utilizing chest X-ray (CXR) may diagnose a high proportion of asymptomatic TB.
TROPICAL MEDICINE AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)