Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisabetta Pilotti, Attilio Cannata, Giacomo Magnani, Fabio Bignami, Andrea Corsi, Maria Teresa Valenti, Mariam Shallak, Greta Forlani, Maria Grazia Romanelli
Summary: This study identified a signature of eight miRNAs associated with HTLV-2 infection and found that altered miRNA expression patterns were correlated with impaired Th cell differentiation and cytokine signaling pathways. Additionally, the study showed that the RUNX2 protein was significantly more expressed in the presence of HTLV-2 infection.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Kisato Nosaka, Masao Matsuoka
Summary: ATL is a lymphomatous neoplasm caused by HTLV-1 infection, with viral genes and alterations of the host genome playing important roles in leukemogenesis. Expression patterns of HBZ and Tax vary among ATL cases, leading to proposed subtypes. Host immune responses to Tax also contribute to the disease's heterogeneity.
Review
Microbiology
Suchitra Mohanty, Edward W. Harhaj
Summary: Human T lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) is an oncoretrovirus that infects and establishes a persistent infection in approximately 10-20 million people worldwide. The immune response to HTLV-1 infection and the mechanisms of innate immune detection are not well understood. This review highlights the roles of immune sensors in recognizing HTLV-1 infection and the strategies employed by HTLV-1 to subvert the innate immune response.
Article
Virology
Ishak D. Irwan, Bryan R. Cullen
Summary: The study reveals that HTLV-1 Tax protein can rescue the replication of IN-HIV-1 in T cells by activating the LTR promoter on HIV-1 DNA. Recruitment of NF-kappa B to unintegrated viral DNA is a prerequisite for Tax-induced changes in epigenetic marks, and induction of Tax expression can reverse the epigenetic silencing of unintegrated HIV 1 DNA. Introducing heterologous promoters into IN-deficient HIV-1-based vectors can maintain transcriptional activity even in the absence of Tax.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Prashant Rawat, Marc Boehning, Barbara Hummel, Fernando Aprile-Garcia, Anwit S. Pandit, Nathalie Eisenhardt, Ashkan Khavaran, Einari Niskanen, Seychelle M. Vos, Jorma J. Palvimo, Andrea Pichler, Patrick Cramer, Ritwick Sawarkar
Summary: Under stress conditions, NELF rapidly forms nuclear condensates, facilitating enhanced recruitment to gene promoters and driving transcriptional downregulation, which is essential for cellular viability under stress. These stress-induced condensates may play a critical role in the coordinated downregulation of transcription and translation as part of the stress survival strategy.
Review
Immunology
Hiba El Hajj, Ali Bazarbachi
Summary: This review explores the interplay between HTLV-1 and its associated pathologies, as well as the crucial role of the host immune system in controlling HTLV-1-associated diseases and treatment response. It focuses on the viral oncoproteins Tax and HBZ in evading the host innate immune response and provides an overview of the function of innate immunity in preclinical and clinical settings.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Fabienne Gally, Sarah K. Sasse, Jonathan S. Kurche, Margaret A. Gruca, Jonathan H. Cardwell, Tsukasa Okamoto, Hong W. Chu, Xiaomeng Hou, Olivier B. Poirion, Justin Buchanan, Sebastian Preissl, Bing Ren, Sean P. Colgan, Robin D. Dowell, Ivana Yang, David A. Schwartz, Anthony N. Gerber
Summary: The G/T transversion rs35705950, located 3 kb upstream of the MUC5B start site, is identified as a key risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Through analysis of accessible chromatin and nuclease sensitivity data, it is shown that this region affects the expression of MUC5B and is subject to epigenetic remodeling in IPF patients' lung tissue.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stephan Kohrt, Sarah Strobel, Melanie C. Mann, Heinrich Sticht, Bernhard Fleckenstein, Andrea K. Thoma-Kress
Summary: The study reveals that the interaction between Tax-1 and ELL2 enhances the transcription activation of HTLV-1 promotor, independent of Tax-1 point mutations but dependent on specific domains of both proteins. Tax-1:ELL2 complex formation is crucial for viral transactivation, while non-oncogenic Tax-2B does not interact with ELL2.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Stefanie Heym, Caroline F. Mohr, Hanna C. Engelbrecht, Bernhard Fleckenstein, Andrea K. Thoma-Kress
Summary: Actin-bundling protein Fascin is upregulated in many types of cancers, including adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma induced by HTLV-1. Transcriptional induction of Fascin by viral oncoproteins depends on activity of both classical and alternative NF-kappa B signaling. Non-oncogenic Tax-2 can induce Fascin expression to a lesser extent compared to Tax-1, and both Tax-1 and Tax-2 can activate key fragments in the Fascin promoter. Additionally, the activity of alternative NF-kappa B pathway is linked to Fascin induction.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jiayue-Clara Jiang, Joseph A. Rothnagel, Kyle R. Upton
Summary: Transposons are active in epithelial cancers, contributing to the regulation of human gene expression. The L1PA2 subfamily plays a significant role in modulating breast cancer transcriptional regulation. Understanding the regulatory impact of L1PA2 provides insights into cancer genome regulation and potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Shen Li, Li Yang, Yanling Li, Wenxing Yue, Shuyu Xin, Jing Li, Sijing Long, Wentao Zhang, Pengfei Cao, Jianhong Lu
Summary: EBV switches between latent and lytic phases in hosts, and the mechanism of controlling this viral biphasic life cycle remains largely unknown. This study identified BRD7 as a crucial host protein in EBV latent infection and revealed its role in regulating c-Myc expression.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Maria Artesi, Vincent Hahaut, Basiel Cole, Laurens Lambrechts, Fereshteh Ashrafi, Ambroise Marcais, Olivier Hermine, Philip Griebel, Natasa Arsic, Frank van der Meer, Arsene Burny, Dominique Bron, Elettra Bianchi, Philippe Delvenne, Vincent Bours, Carole Charlier, Michel Georges, Linos Vandekerckhove, Anne Van den Broeke, Keith Durkin
Summary: This study introduces a novel method, PCIP-seq, which uses long reads to accurately identify viral insertion sites and sequence their associated viral genomes. The method has significant potential applications in the research of virus-infected cells.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Muhammad Hamza Tariq, Rashid Bhatti, Nida Fatima Ali, Usman Ali Ashfaq, Farah Shahid, Ahmad Almatroudi, Mohsin Khurshid
Summary: The study describes the design and development process of a potential multi-epitope vaccine against HTLV-1 using the reverse vaccinology approach. Highly antigenic proteins were selected, and B- and T-cell epitopes were predicted. The vaccine was optimized through protein engineering, and its strong association with the human pathogenic immune receptor was confirmed through molecular docking and dynamics simulations.
Article
Fisheries
Yang Luo, Lu Yu, Zizhao Feng, Qikang Chen, Liqun Lu, Qiya Zhang, Dan Xu
Summary: The study identified 156 differentially expressed virus genes during CyHV-2 infection, with 7 up-regulated and 28 down-regulated at 96 hpi compared to 48 hpi. Proteome analysis detected 78 viral proteins, including membrane proteins and capsid proteins associated with viral assembly. These findings lay a foundation for further investigation on virus gene expression and miRNA regulation of CyHV-2.
JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Amira Awadalla, Mohamed H. Zahran, Hassan Abol-Enein, Abdel-Rahman N. Zekri, Mohamed Abd Elbaset, Asmaa E. Ahmed, Eman T. Hamam, Amr Elsawy, Mohamed K. Khalifa, Ahmed A. Shokeir
Summary: The study found that the upregulation of SCCS and chromatin remodeling genes and downregulation of ARID1A and UTX genes were associated with poor response of UC to BCG therapy. This information could potentially help optimize treatment selection for patients with UC.
CLINICAL GENITOURINARY CANCER
(2022)