Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuhgene Liu, Congcheng Wang, Sun Geun Yoon, Sang Yun Han, John A. A. Lewis, Dhruv Prakash, Emily J. J. Klein, Timothy Chen, Dae Hoon Kang, Diptarka Majumdar, Rajesh Gopalaswamy, Matthew T. T. McDowell
Summary: Non-pre-lithiated aluminum-foil-based negative electrodes with engineered microstructures exhibit long-term cycling stability in all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries, providing a possible route for improving high-energy-density batteries.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Katja Lahtinen, Eeva-Leena Rautama, Hua Jiang, Samuli Rasanen, Tanja Kallio
Summary: The study found that the structure and capacity of aged LiCoO2 can be restored through re-lithiation, providing a new method for the recycling of used batteries.
Article
Electrochemistry
Gerrit Michael Overhoff, Roman Noelle, Vassilios Siozios, Martin Winter, Tobias Placke
Summary: The study evaluates the beneficial impact of pre-lithiated Si/C electrodes in NCM111 and their effects on battery performance. It shows that pre-lithiation techniques can significantly improve both capacity and cycling efficiency of the batteries.
BATTERIES & SUPERCAPS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Peer Baermann, Marvin Mohrhardt, Joop Enno Frerichs, Malina Helling, Aleksei Kolesnikov, Sina Klabunde, Sascha Nowak, Michael Ryan Hansen, Martin Winter, Tobias Placke
Summary: The study demonstrates significant lithiation of Si/Gr electrodes through direct contact with Li metal, without electrolyte, and subsequent de-lithiation and SEI formation after electrolyte addition. The amount of Li metal highly impacts the presence and durability of LixC and LixSi phases.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yijun Chen, Bo Zhao, Yuan Yang, Anyuan Cao
Summary: This paper reviews strategies for improving the areal lithium storage performance of battery electrodes and emphasizes on sodium-ion battery electrodes. Various approaches such as material design, structure optimization, and new manufacturing techniques are discussed for achieving high-areal-capacity electrodes. Challenges include decreased mechanical properties and sluggish electrochemical kinetics at higher mass loadings.
ADVANCED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Zhiying Chen, Kongqiang Ye, Minglin Li, Shuai Zhao, Jing Luo, Bo Wu
Summary: Tungsten-based materials show promise as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, with the transformation between intercalation and conversion reactions depending on the number of inserted lithium atoms. Excellent stability of battery capacity was found in shallow charge-discharge, but not in deep charge-discharge.
JOURNAL OF ELECTROANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xuhui Yao, Tomas Samoril, Jiff Dluhos, John F. Watts, Zhijia Du, Bohang Son, S. Ravi P. Silva, Tan Sui, Yunlong Zhao
Summary: Developing a novel characterization methodology using Xe+ PFIB enables a deeper understanding of the degradation mechanisms in LIBs, particularly revealing the chemical composition and distribution underneath the electrode surface. Through high-resolution analysis, insights into the degradation process related to cathode material hydrolysis and PVDF binder decomposition are gained, with manganese identified as a dominant element in the newly formed inactive fluoride deposition on the cathode.
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Wei Zhang, Seoung-Bum Son, Harvey Guthrey, Chunmei Ban
Summary: Si-based materials are promising anode materials for high-energy-density lithium-ion batteries. However, the use of Si-Gr blended anodes often leads to rapid capacity decay in full cells. This study investigates the potential of Si-Gr blended anodes in full-cell configuration and finds that voltage slippage reduces the graphite component utilization and exacerbates side reactions. By tuning the open circuit voltage of the prelithiated anode and stabilizing the surface, the full cells achieve a highly reversible full-cell energy density and cycling efficiency.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huili Wang, Cheng Liu, Yu Cao, Shuo Liu, Baoshan Zhang, Zhenpeng Hu, Jie Sun
Summary: In this work, the lithiation mechanism of green phosphorus (GP) with different layers as anode materials in Li-ion batteries was investigated using first-principles calculations. The results showed that single-layer GP has a higher specific capacity and faster Li diffusion rate compared to double-layer and bulk GP. The lithiation voltage also increases with the number of GP layers. Additionally, the specific capacity of GP is higher than that of black phosphorus anode.
ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Weilong Ai, Niall Kirkaldy, Yang Jiang, Gregory Offer, Huizhi Wang, Billy Wu
Summary: In this study, an electrochemical composite electrode model was developed and validated for lithium-ion batteries with a silicon/graphite anode. The model was able to reproduce voltage hysteresis and demonstrate the interactions between graphite and silicon. This research revealed the effects of silicon additives and the impact of different composite electrodes on the performance of lithium-ion batteries.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yue Feng, Bon Min Koo, Antoine Seyeux, Jolanta Swiatowska, Catherine Henry de Villeneuve, Michel Rosso, Francois Ozanam
Summary: Pure and methylated amorphous silicon thin films were analyzed using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to study the lithiation mechanism and biphasic process. Lithiation induced swelling and roughening of the active layer. No measurable Li diffusion was observed after lithiation. Distinct Li profiles were observed for the two materials, with the methylated film showing a slower Li concentration decrease attributed to the presence of nanovoids.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Benjamin E. Grossman-Ponemon, Ataollah Mesgarnejad, Alain Karma
Summary: Nanoporous silicon, created by liquid-metal-dealloying, exhibits higher capacity and extended cycle lifetimes in lithium-ion batteries. Using phase-field modeling, we investigate the elastoplastic swelling behavior and fracture of these nanoporous particles. Our simulations show that the network topology consisting of ligaments connected by bulbous, sphere-like nodes enhances mechanical stability.
NPJ COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiaofei Wang, Qi Tong
Summary: By using a concurrently-coupled and multi-physical model based on peridynamics, we have successfully simulated the delayed fracture in electrodes of lithium-ion batteries under mechanical and chemical loads, and revealed the key mechanisms during the fracture process, providing a useful tool for the design of lithium-ion batteries.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
John A. Lewis, Kelsey A. Cavallaro, Yuhgene Liu, Matthew T. McDowell
Summary: Alloy anode materials in solid-state batteries offer advantages such as avoiding short circuiting with lithium metal and providing chemo-mechanical stabilization of the solid-electrolyte interphase.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
John A. Lewis, Kelsey A. Cavallaro, Yuhgene Liu, Matthew T. McDowell
Summary: Solid-state batteries, with alloy anode materials, have the potential to provide improved safety, high energy density, and stable cycling. They offer advantages such as avoiding short circuiting and stabilizing the solid-electrolyte interface.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Erwin Hueger, Jochen Stahn, Harald Schmidt
Summary: A new method for determining self-diffusivities in solids and the corresponding activation energy using in-situ Neutron Reflectometry is presented. The method allows for a single experiment based on ramping the temperature with a constant rate, reducing the amount of experimental time and samples required. The results obtained are in good agreement with the classical approach.
MATERIALS RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Electrochemistry
Kai Zhang, Erwin Hueger, Yong Li, Harald Schmidt, Fuqian Yang
Summary: This work aims to review and understand the behavior of the electrochemical lithiation onset of amorphous silicon (a-Si) films as electrochemically active material for new generation lithium-ion batteries. The article includes a review on the lithiation onset of silicon films and a mechanochemical model with numerical results on the depth-resolved mechanical stress during the lithiation onset of silicon films. Recent experimental studies have revealed peculiarities in the lithiation onset of a-Si films, such as the build-up of high mechanical stress, linear increase in mechanical stress with lithiation, minute volume increase during Li incorporation, largest heat generation with minor parasitic heat contribution, and unexpected enhanced brittleness. The literature review points to the important role of mechanical stresses in the formation of the Li-poor phase and the propagation of the reaction front. A mechanochemical model for the lithiation onset of a-Si film is developed and its numerical results are in good accord with experimental data.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniel Uxa, Kevin Meyer, Lars Doerrer, Harald Schmidt
Summary: Lithium diffusion in LiCoO2 is mainly controlled by grain boundary diffusion and bulk diffusion, with grain boundary diffusion not playing a dominant role in overall lithium-ion migration. Diffusivities along the c-axis are orders of magnitude slower compared to diffusion along the ab-plane, indicating sluggish lithium diffusion along the c-axis.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Erwin Hueger, Chao Jin, Kevin Meyer, Daniel Uxa, Fuqian Yang
Summary: Thin copper and carbon coatings have the potential to improve the performance of lithium-ion batteries by protecting electrode integrity, developing a proper solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, and enhancing electric conductivity. In this study, the influence of copper and carbon coatings on LIB-electrode performance was investigated. All electrodes showed good rate capability and long-term cycling stability, with the C/Cu ML exhibiting the largest reversible Li+ uptake and release.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
U. Yakhnevych, C. Kofahl, S. Hurskyy, S. Ganschow, Y. Suhak, H. Schmidt, H. Fritze
Summary: By studying the solid solutions of LNT, the fundamental material properties of polar oxides can be investigated. LNT crystals, with their tuneable structure and high thermal stability and piezoelectric coefficients, have potential applications in high-temperature actuators. The electrical conductivity and acoustic loss of LNT at high temperatures were investigated using impedance spectroscopy and resonant piezoelectric spectroscopy.
SOLID STATE IONICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Claudia Kofahl, Lars Doerrer, Brendan Muscutt, Simone Sanna, Stepan Hurskyy, Uliana Yakhnevych, Yuriy Suhak, Holger Fritze, Steffen Ganschow, Harald Schmidt
Summary: Lithium niobate and lithium tantalate crystals are important metal oxides with various properties. This study investigates the self-diffusion of lithium in these crystals and finds that the diffusivities and conductivities are consistent with theoretical predictions and experimental measurements. The findings provide insights into the electrical conductivity of these materials.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2023)
Review
Electrochemistry
Erwin Hueger, Lukas Riedel, Jing Zhu, Jochen Stahn, Paul Heitjans, Harald Schmidt
Summary: Li-Nb-O-based insertion layers are used in Li-ion batteries to protect electrodes and electrolytes and enhance Li transport. This study reviews the suitability of different Li-Nb-O-based compounds for battery operation, especially amorphous LiNbO3 films. Experimental results show that the amorphous LiNbO3 films have higher porosity and better Li diffusivity compared to other similar metal oxides. The films exhibit high reversible capacity and fast cycling, which make them suitable for improved battery performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Stepan Hurskyy, Uliana Yakhnevych, Claudia Kofahl, Eva Tichy-Racs, Harald Schmidt, Steffen Ganschow, Holger Fritze, Yuriy Suhak
Summary: It is found that VTE-treated Li(Nb,Ta)O3 samples have lower conductivity and better thermal stability. After 330 hours of thermal treatment, the conductivity of VTE-treated LiNb0.94Ta0.06O3 specimen decreased by about 10%, while the conductivity of congruent LiNbO3 specimen decreased by about 15%.
SOLID STATE IONICS
(2023)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
S. Brechelt, H. Wiche, J. Junge, R. Gustus, H. Schmidt, V. Wesling
Summary: High electrode forces are required in resistance spot welding of aluminum alloys to reduce electrical contact resistances. However, these high resistances and the resulting thermal load cause electrode degradation and poor weld quality. Surface patterning and thin-film diffusion barriers can improve electrode life and weld quality.
WELDING IN THE WORLD
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Johanna Uhlendorf, Harald Schmidt
Summary: This research investigates the tracer diffusion of oxygen and aluminum in beta-Ga2O3 crystals and analyzes the different diffusion mechanisms. The results show that the diffusion of aluminum is two orders of magnitude higher than that of oxygen.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fuqian Yang, Harald Schmidt, Erwin Hueger
Summary: Understanding mass transport in micro- and nanostructures is crucial for enhancing their performance and reliability. This study solves the diffusion problem in a multilayer structure with periodic conditions under constant heating rate using a Fourier series. An analytical relation between the coefficients of eigenfunctions and the intensity of X-ray or neutron Bragg peak is established and validated with experimental data. The linear relation between the logarithm of temporal variation of peak intensity and diffusion time can be used to calculate the activation energy for diffusion in a multilayer structure, with the validation dependent on the difference in characteristic times for heat conduction, ramp heating, and diffusion.
