Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Mikhail Gorodnichev, Sergey Erokhin, Ksenia Polyantseva, Marina Moseva
Summary: This paper introduces the development of an intelligent vehicle recognition system using convolutional neural networks, with the aim to create a realistic urban environment simulator. The simulator reduces training time and generates various events for training unmanned vehicles. The authors also propose a method to optimize the generated mesh objects to reduce system load.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Nadia Nedjah, Alejandra D. Bonilla, Luiza de Macedo Mourelle
Summary: Automatic speech recognition based on phoneme detection provides advantages for online speech recognition. The development of such a system is multidisciplinary, involving linguistics, signal processing, and computational intelligence. This study proposes a novel approach that divides the decision space of speech recognition using an ensemble of neural network experts, leading to improved precision, sensitivity, and accuracy. A dynamic post-processing step is also employed to mitigate the oscillatory effect during recognition.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Maximilian T. Loeffler, Alina Jacob, Andreas Scharr, Nico Sollmann, Egon Burian, Malek El Husseini, Anjany Sekuboyina, Giles Tetteh, Claus Zimmer, Jens Gempt, Thomas Baum, Jan S. Kirschke
Summary: The study compared spinal bone measures derived from automatic and manual assessment in routine clinical CT with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in their association with prevalent osteoporotic vertebral fractures. The results indicated that CT-based measures outperformed DXA in predicting vertebral fractures, with manual volumetric BMD being the strongest predictor.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Renner de Assis Garcia Sobrinho, Franklin Piauhy Neto, Henrique Fernandes
Summary: The research aimed to create a public database of images of cracks in mortar coating, considering different types of surface finish. The training accuracy varied based on surface finish and data balancing, with the scrapped type showing the lowest accuracy.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Christoph Germann, Andre N. Meyer, Matthias Staib, Reto Sutter, Benjamin Fritz
Summary: A deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) was validated for measuring vertebral bodies and detecting insufficiency fractures on lumbar spine MRI. The DCNN showed excellent agreement with radiologists in vertebral body measurements and achieved high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in fracture detection. The diagnostic performance of the DCNN was independent of the radiological institution, MRI scanner, and magnetic field strength.
EUROPEAN RADIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sabrina Chiloiro, Stefano Frara, Irene Gagliardi, Antonio Bianchi, Antonella Giampietro, Margherita Medici, Agnese Allora, Luigi di Filippo, Maria Rosaria Ambrosio, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Maria Chiara Zatelli, Laura De Marinis, Andrea Giustina
Summary: Skeletal fragility is common in acromegaly patients and can lead to vertebral fractures. This study suggests that cholecalciferol supplementation may reduce the incidence of vertebral fractures in acromegaly.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Selvarajah Thuseethan, Sutharshan Rajasegarar, John Yearwood
Summary: This study proposes a novel facial microexpression detection framework called Deep3DCANN, which integrates a deep 3D convolutional neural network, a deep artificial neural network, and a fusion mechanism to effectively detect microexpressions. It performs well on benchmark databases and effectively recognizes frame-wise microexpression changes in video sequences.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Bastian David, Judith Kroell-Seger, Fabiane Schuch, Jan Wagner, Jorg Wellmer, Friedrich Woermann, Bernhard Oehl, Wim Van Paesschen, Tobias Breyer, Albert Becker, Hartmut Vatter, Elke Hattingen, Horst Urbach, Bernd Weber, Rainer Surges, Christian Erich Elger, Hans-Juergen Huppertz, Theodor Rueber
Summary: Our study developed an artificial neural network (ANN) classifier for automated detection of FCDs based on morphometric maps, demonstrating robust performance and generalizability. Even on an independent validation data set, the method maintained high sensitivity and specificity.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Huanglu Wen, Shaodi You, Ying Fu
Summary: In order to infer sentiments from multi-modal temporal sequences, it is necessary to identify sentiment-related clues and their cross-modal interactions. Sentiment-related behaviors of different modalities may not occur simultaneously, and they are sparse in time, making it difficult to correctly infer sentiments.
PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Junjie Shi, Jiang Bian, Jakob Richter, Kuan-Hsun Chen, Jorg Rahnenfuhrer, Haoyi Xiong, Jian-Jia Chen
Summary: The predictive performance of a machine learning model depends on hyper-parameter setting, making hyper-parameter tuning crucial. In distributed machine learning, collecting all data is challenging, thus the MODES framework is proposed to deploy MBO on resource-constrained distributed embedded systems to optimize combined prediction accuracy.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Iurii Medvedev, Farhad Shadmand, Leandro Cruz, Nuno Goncalves
Summary: This research focuses on simplifying existing biometric recognition solutions and embedding them into portable devices to secure facial biometric templates on identification documents. The use of automatic methods to compress face descriptors makes the biometric validation system more suitable for mobile applications. Furthermore, the introduction of print-capture datasets allows for training and evaluation of similar systems for mobile identification and travel documents validation.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Li Shen, Chao Gao, Shundong Hu, Dan Kang, Zhaogang Zhang, Dongdong Xia, Yiren Xu, Shoukui Xiang, Qiong Zhu, GeWen Xu, Feng Tang, Hua Yue, Wei Yu, Zhenlin Zhang
Summary: Osteoporotic vertebral fracture (OVF) is a significant risk for morbidity and mortality in the elderly population, and accurate diagnosis is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. Deep learning methods applied to plain radiographs can potentially address the high rates of misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis in OVF diagnosis. The AI_OVF_SH system demonstrated high accuracy and computational speed in skeletal position detection, segmentation, and fracture identification, making it an efficient tool to assist radiologists and clinicians in diagnosing vertebral fractures.
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Seok Choi, Yong Kim, Tien Van Nguyen, Won Hee Jeong, Kyeong-Sik Min, Byung Joon Choi
Summary: By combining near-sensor artificial neural networks with IoT sensors capable of processing data locally, the need for frequent large data transfers between sensors and cloud servers can be reduced, leading to energy efficiency and reduced latency in ubiquitous computing. The use of self-rectifying memristor arrays simplifies the fabrication process, enables low-current operation, and achieves efficient image recognition tasks.
ADVANCED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Min Heui Yu, Namki Hong, Seunghyun Lee, Ha -Young Kim, Hye-Sun Park, Sang -Min Park, Young-Kyun Lee, Tae -Young Kim, Yong -Chan Ha, Yumie Rhee, Kyung-Hoi Koo
Summary: The study analyzed ICD-10 diagnostic codes, procedure codes, and radiographic image codes to establish an operational definition for identifying patients with osteoporotic vertebral fractures. By evaluating medical records and images, the operational definition was shown to be effective in identifying vertebral fractures.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jack G. Nedell, Jonah Spector, Adel Abbout, Michael Vogl, Gregory A. Fiete
Summary: Motivated by the improvement of deep learning techniques, we design a mixed input convolutional neural network to predict transport properties in deformed nanoscale materials using a height map of deformations as input. Our network achieves higher accuracy in conductance predictions by using redundant input of energy values, and it successfully predicts valley-resolved conductance.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vittoria Favero, Arianna Cremaschi, Chiara Parazzoli, Alberto Falchetti, Agostino Gaudio, Luigi Gennari, Alfredo Scillitani, Fabio Vescini, Valentina Morelli, Carmen Aresta, Iacopo Chiodini
Summary: Mild hypercortisolism refers to abnormal cortisol secretion without the overt manifestations of Cushing's syndrome. It is commonly found in patients with adrenal incidentalomas and incidentally discovered pituitary tumors. The pathogenesis of hypercortisolism of pituitary origin is still unclear, while advances have been made in understanding the genetic background of adrenal adenomas causing mild hypercortisolism. The clinical consequences of mild hypercortisolism include bone fragility, arterial hypertension, subclinical atherosclerosis, cardiovascular remodeling, dyslipidemia, glucose metabolism impairment, visceral adiposity, infections, muscle damage, mood disorders, and coagulation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Editorial Material
Nutrition & Dietetics
Francesco Bertoldo, Luisella Cianferotti, Marco Di Monaco, Alberto Falchetti, Angelo Fassio, Davide Gatti, Luigi Gennari, Sandro Giannini, Giuseppe Girasole, Stefano Gonnelli, Nazzarena Malavolta, Salvatore Minisola, Mario Pedrazzoni, Domenico Rendina, Maurizio Rossini, Iacopo Chiodini
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sofia Frigerio, Giulia Carosi, Emanuele Ferrante, Elisa Sala, Elisa Polledri, Silvia Fustinoni, Bruno Ambrosi, Iacopo Chiodini, Giovanna Mantovani, Valentina Morelli, Maura Arosio
Summary: This study aimed to assess clinical and biochemical modifications in patients shifted from cortisone acetate (CA) to modified-release hydrocortisone (MRH). The results showed that patients shifted to MRH treatment had improved blood pressure control and symptoms of over- or undertreatment, but no significant changes in glucose metabolism or total cortisol exposure were observed. Therefore, a dose reduction may be needed when shifting from CA to MRH.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Monica Puligheddu, Patrizia Congiu, Michela Figorilli, Ludovica Tamburrino, Patrizia Pisanu, Roberta Coa, Maria Giuseppina Mascia, Davide Fonti, Rosamaria Lecca, Enzo Grossi, Antonella Gagliano
Summary: This study aimed to assess whether sleep instability affects cognitive functions in patients with Disorder of arousal (DOA) or sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE). The results showed that the SHE group had reduced sleep efficiency and increased wake after sleep onset (WASO); both the SHE and DOA groups showed increased % of N2 and REM sleep compared to the healthy control (HC) group. Neuropsychological and behavioral evaluations showed a different cognitive profile in the SHE group. These findings support the discriminative power of cognitive and psychiatric assessment in SHE and DOA.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fernanda Velluzzi, Andrea Deledda, Mauro Lombardo, Michele Fosci, Roberto Crnjar, Enzo Grossi, Giorgia Sollai
Summary: This study explores the connection between olfactory function and clinical and nutritional aspects related to overweight or obesity. The results show that 65% of patients exhibit hyposmia. Olfactory scores are negatively correlated with systolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and triglycerides levels, but positively correlated with Mediterranean diet scores. Olfactory function is associated with obesity, metabolic disorders, and male gender, while normosmia is linked to adherence to the Mediterranean diet, normal blood pressure, lipids, and glucose levels.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vittoria Favero, Cristina Eller-Vainicher, Iacopo Chiodini
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Andrea Stoccoro, Vanessa Nicoli, Fabio Coppede, Enzo Grossi, Giorgio Fedrizzi, Simonetta Menotta, Francesca Lorenzoni, Marta Caretto, Arianna Carmignani, Sabina Pistolesi, Ernesto Burgio, Vassilios Fanos, Lucia Migliore
Summary: Exposure to environmental stressors during pregnancy can influence susceptibility to chronic diseases through epigenetic mechanisms. This study used artificial neural networks (ANNs) to explore the links between gestational environmental exposures and DNA methylation in placental and buccal cells. The results showed associations between birth weight and placental H19 methylation, maternal stress during pregnancy and methylation levels of NR3C1 and BDNF in placenta and buccal cells respectively, and air pollutant exposure and maternal MGMT methylation. Associations were also found between placental metal concentrations and methylation levels of OXTR, HSD11B2, MECP2, and MTHFR in different cells. Dioxin concentrations were associated with methylation levels of RELN, HSD11B2, and H19 in placenta and neonatal buccal cells. These findings suggest that environmental stressors during pregnancy can lead to abnormal methylation levels in genes related to embryogenesis and may serve as biomarkers of environmental exposure.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Francesca Birtolo, Simone Antonini, Andrea Saladino, Benedetta Zampetti, Elisabetta Lavezzi, Iacopo Chiodini, Gherardo Mazziotti, Andrea G. A. Lania, Renato Cozzi
Summary: Secondary Adrenal Insufficiency (SAI) is a condition characterized by low ACTH secretion due to hypothalamus or pituitary disease or injury. The evaluation of SAI is challenging due to non-specific symptoms, rarity, and pitfalls associated with laboratory tests. The gold standard test for assessing the HPA axis is the insulin tolerance test, but the ACTH stimulation test is safer and well-tolerated, although its diagnostic accuracy varies.
Article
Biology
Giorgia Grassi, Elisa Cairoli, Lucrezia Maria Silvana Gentile, Iacopo Chiodini, Marta Zampogna, Alberto Ghielmetti, Letizia Corinna Morlacchi, Valeria Rossetti, Lorenzo Rosso, Ilaria Righi, Mario Nosotti, Maura Arosio, Francesco Blasi, Cristina Eller Vainicher
Summary: Based on our study, the skeletal outcomes in long-term survivors (>5 years) after lung transplantation were similar between patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and those with non-cystic fibrosis (nCF), with a lower incidence of fractures compared to the first two years post-transplant. Bone mineral density and trabecular bone score remained stable after the second year post-transplant.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vittoria Favero, Cristina Eller-Vainicher, Valentina Morelli, Elisa Cairoli, Antonio Stefano Salcuni, Alfredo Scillitani, Sabrina Corbetta, Silvia Della Casa, Giovanna Muscogiuri, Luca Persani, Iacopo Chiodini
Summary: This study evaluated the prevalence and incidence of vertebral fractures in patients with adrenal incidentalomas and mild autonomous cortisol secretion. The results showed that patients with adrenal incidentalomas and mild autonomous cortisol secretion are at higher risk of vertebral fractures.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Alfredo Raglio, Enzo Grossi, Luca Manzoni
Summary: Music listening is widely used in therapeutic interventions, but understanding the relationship between musical elements and their effects is complex. This study analyzed data from a relaxation-focused music listening experiment and found potential relationships between variables. The research identified different relaxing effects for different music types and populations.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Rheumatology
E. Grossi
Summary: Despite medical research being predominantly male-focused, efforts have been made to overcome this gender bias. Retrospective examination of 21 datasets found that gender information was included in the predictive model 19 out of 21 times, highlighting its importance even in highly adaptive tools like Artificial Neural Networks. The study also showed that gender information significantly improved the accuracy of predicting psoriatic arthritis diagnoses using ANNs.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vittoria Favero, Alessandro Prete, Alessandra Mangone, Yasir S. Elhassan, Valentina Pucino, Miriam Asia, Rowan Hardy, Iacopo Chiodini, Cristina L. Ronchi
Summary: This study evaluated the hematological alterations in benign adrenocortical tumors with different degrees of cortisol excess. It found that the degree of cortisol excess was correlated with an increase in leukocytes, neutrophils, and monocytes. Additionally, the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio, and systemic immune-inflammation index were altered in patients with mild autonomous cortisol secretion (MACS) and adrenal Cushing's syndrome.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Geriatrics & Gerontology
C. Alberio, R. Mirsepanj, S. Vai, F. Broggi, I. Chiodini, C. Dosi, R. Masson, A. Falchetti
AGING CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Iacopo Chiodini, Davide Gatti, Davide Soranna, Daniela Merlotti, Christian Mingiano, Angelo Fassio, Giovanni Adami, Alberto Falchetti, Cristina Eller-Vainicher, Maurizio Rossini, Luca Persani, Antonella Zambon, Luigi Gennari
JOURNAL OF BONE AND MINERAL RESEARCH
(2022)