Article
Neurosciences
Alba M. Garcia-Serrano, Joao P. P. Vieira, Veronika Fleischhart, Joao M. N. Duarte
Summary: This study found that hippocampal taurine accumulation in obese and diabetic models might be a counteracting response to metabolic stress. Taurine and NAC can prevent high-fat diet-induced memory impairment, while only NAC prevents alterations of metabolite concentrations.
NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Estevao Scotti-Muzzi, Katja Umla-Runge, Marcio Gerhardt Soeiro-de-Souza
Summary: The ACC plays a key role in connecting the frontal cortex to limbic structures and is consistently implicated in the neurobiology of Bipolar Disorder. H-1-MRS studies comparing neurometabolite levels in the ACC of BD patients and healthy controls found increased levels of Glx, Gln, choline, and Cho/Creatine in BD. Different mood states and medication status were associated with specific neurometabolite patterns in the ACC.
EUROPEAN NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alyssa Tidmore, Sucharita M. Dutta, Arriyam S. Fesshaye, William K. Russell, Vania D. Duncan, Richard A. Britten
Summary: Exposure to space radiation can impair spatial memory in rodents, with individual susceptibility to this impairment varying. Proteomic profiling revealed unique protein signatures associated with spatial memory performance, and exposure to radiation resulted in changes in protein ubiquitination levels in the hippocampal proteome.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mouloud Lamtai, Sofia Azirar, Oussama Zghari, Sihame Ouakki, Aboubaker El Hessni, Abdelhalem Mesfioui, Ali Ouichou
Summary: The present study revealed the potential of melatonin in combating neurobehavioral changes induced by chronic exposure to cadmium. Melatonin can alleviate cadmium-induced anxiety, depression, and memory impairments, with antioxidant effects, focusing on neuroprotection in the hippocampal region. Additionally, the protective effects of melatonin are sex-dependent, being more pronounced in females.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Rodrigo Moraga-Amaro, Raul Diaz-Galarce, Juan P. Donoso-Ramos, Valentina Ugalde, Sergio Linsambarth, Janine Doorduin, Erik FJ. de Vries, Estibaliz Ampuero, Francisca Pena, Rodrigo Pacheco, Ursula Wyneken, Jimmy Stehberg
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of prenatal fluoxetine exposure on memory and emotional behavior of rat offspring. Results showed that male rats exposed to fluoxetine during gestation displayed memory impairments and increased anxiety- and depressive-like symptoms in adulthood.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alexandra V. Griflyuk, Tatyana Y. Postnikova, Sergey L. Malkin, Aleksey V. Zaitsev
Summary: Febrile seizures during early childhood can cause central nervous system developmental disorders. The specific mechanisms of how febrile seizures affect the developing brain are not well understood. In this study, we used a hyperthermic model of febrile seizures in 10-day-old rats and tracked their development for two months. Our findings suggest that febrile seizures reduce the number of neurons in various regions of the hippocampus and impair glutamatergic transmission, leading to decreased local field potential amplitude.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Qianjin Wang, Honghong Ren, Chunwang Li, Zongchang Li, Jinguang Li, Hong Li, Lulin Dai, Min Dong, Jun Zhou, Jingqi He, Joseph O'Neill, Yanhui Liao, Ying He, Tieqiao Liu, Xiaogang Chen, Jinsong Tang
Summary: This study found that persistent auditory verbal hallucinations in patients with schizophrenia are associated with dysfunction in the medial prefrontal cortex, specifically decreased levels of certain metabolites. These findings suggest that these metabolites may play a key role in the pathogenesis of persistent auditory verbal hallucinations.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yun Li, Lina Zhao, Kai Zhang, Mengxi Shen, Yize Li, Yang Yu, Jiafeng Yu, Jingyu Feng, Keliang Xie, Yonghao Yu
Summary: Post-operative sleep disturbance is common in elderly surgical patients and is closely related to post-operative cognitive dysfunction. This study evaluated the effects of post-operative sleep fragmentation on neurotransmitter metabolism and structural integrity in sleep and cognitive brain regions in aged mice. The results showed increased glutamate metabolism and microstructural damage, suggesting its involvement in the pathophysiological process of cognitive dysfunction.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Donovan M. Ashby, Stan B. Floresco, Anthony G. Phillips, Alexander McGirr, Jeremy K. Seamans, Yu Tian Wang
Summary: Hippocampal LTD plays a critical role in the acute formation and maintenance of place fields, regulating the dynamics and stability of novel spatial information in adult rats.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jonathan Chabert, Etienne Allauze, Bruno Pereira, Carine Chassain, Ingrid De Chazeron, Jean-Yves Rotge, Philippe Fossati, Pierre-Michel Llorca, Ludovic Samalin
Summary: The levels of neurometabolites such as Glutamate, Glutamine, Glx, and N-acetylaspartate in various brain regions differ in patients with bipolar disorder. The altered levels of NAA and Gln may be associated with the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Chao-Hsiung Hsu, Stephen Lin, Ai-Chen Ho, T. Derek Johnson, Paul C. Wang, Joseph Scafidi, Tsang-Wei Tu
Summary: The study compared the metabolic profiles of mouse hippocampi using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H-1-MRS) in vivo and in situ, with or without focused beam microwave irradiation (FBMI) fixation. The results indicate that a proper fixation method is crucial for in situ detection based on the targeted metabolites of specific interests in the brain.
NMR IN BIOMEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Ye Li, Cuiqin Fan, Rui Gao, Tian Lan, Wenjing Wang, Shu Yan Yu
Summary: The study reveals that altered levels of miR-211-5p in the hippocampal DG area have a significant impact on neurogenesis, apoptosis, and depression-like behaviors in rats. Specifically, up-regulation of miR-211-5p can alleviate depression-like behaviors, reduce neuronal apoptosis, and promote neuronal regeneration; while down-regulation of miR-211-5p can induce depression-like behaviors, increase neuronal apoptosis, and decrease neuronal regeneration.
Review
Clinical Neurology
J. N. Bissonnette, A. M. Francis, S. MacNeil, C. E. Crocker, P. G. Tibbo, D. J. Fisher
Summary: This systematic review provides an overview of the research on glutamate and N-acetylaspartate concentrations in multiple brain regions of individuals with early phase psychosis. Most studies suggest no significant alterations in glutamate and N-acetylaspartate concentrations in early phase psychosis. Future research should focus on less commonly reported brain regions and explore possible confounding factors.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH-NEUROIMAGING
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Karen M. Ryan, Paul Smyth, Gordon Blackshields, Laura Kranaster, Alexander Sartorius, Orla Sheils, Declan M. McLoughlin
Summary: MiRNA expression changes in the hippocampus were examined using next-generation sequencing technology during electroconvulsive stimulation in rats. Six miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed, and some of these miRNAs were also altered in patients with depression receiving medication treatment. These findings may provide insights into the mechanism of action of electroconvulsive therapy and the neurobiology of depression.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Anusara Aranarochana, Soraya Kaewngam, Tanaporn Anosri, Apiwat Sirichoat, Wanassanun Pannangrong, Peter Wigmore, Jariya Umka Welbat
Summary: The study found that hesperidin can reduce the VPA-induced down-regulation of hippocampal neurogenesis, leading to memory impairments. After co-administration, the cell numbers in the hippocampus returned to normal levels, alleviating memory loss.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ji Won Bang, Giles Hamilton-Fletcher, Kevin C. Chan
Summary: This review summarizes the evidence of retained plasticity in the adult visual system during visual perceptual learning and visual deprivation, and discusses the roles of Hebbian and homeostatic processes in shaping plasticity.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Gavin P. Reynolds
Summary: Research in Peter Riederer's lab in Vienna in the late 1970s stemmed from a strong tradition in post-mortem neurochemical studies, acknowledging the value of post-mortem brain tissue in understanding pharmacological mechanisms of neuropsychiatric treatments. Investigating dopamine, D2 receptors, and GABAergic neurons led to the discovery of deficits associated with schizophrenia. Subsequent research on DNA methylation of the parvalbumin gene aims to further understand these findings in psychotic illness and its animal models.
JOURNAL OF NEURAL TRANSMISSION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Camila M. Loureiro, Helene A. Fachim, Michael K. Harte, Caroline F. Dalton, Gavin P. Reynolds
Summary: This study investigated the DNA methylation and protein expression changes in NMDAR subunits in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of rats after subchronic PCP administration. The results showed hypermethylation of Grin1 and Grin2b promoters and reduction in NR1 protein levels. These alterations may contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Linfang Xiao, Yilong Liu, Zheyuan Yi, Yujiao Zhao, Linshan Xie, Peibei Cao, Alex T. L. Leong, Ed X. Wu
Summary: This study introduces a complex-valued deep learning approach for partial Fourier reconstruction of complex MR images. The proposed method outperforms traditional PF reconstruction methods by effectively suppressing artifacts and recovering image details in the presence of local phase changes. Additionally, it can be extended to 2D PF reconstruction and joint multi-slice PF reconstruction.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Francis A. M. Manno, Ziqi An, Rachit Kumar, Junfeng Su, Jiaming Liu, Ed X. Wu, Jufang He, Yanqiu Feng, Condon Lau
Summary: Environmental enrichment induces widespread neuronal changes, with the crepuscular period of dusk being the critical point of divergence between enriched and standard environments.
Article
Biophysics
Yujiao Zhao, Zheyuan Yi, Yilong Liu, Fei Chen, Linfang Xiao, Alex T. L. Leong, Ed X. Wu
Summary: The proposed multi-slice MRI strategy with orthogonally alternating PE direction and joint calibrationless reconstruction shows promising results in suppressing aliasing artifacts and working robustly with uniform or random undersampling.
NMR IN BIOMEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Francis A. M. Manno, Rachit Kumar, Ziqi An, Muhammad Shehzad Khan, Junfeng Su, Jiaming Liu, Ed X. Wu, Jufang He, Yanqiu Feng, Condon Lau
Summary: This study investigated the effects of environmental enrichment on structural and functional changes in mice using MRI methods. The results showed alterations in the volumes of specific brain regions as well as changes in diffusivity measures. Additionally, an increase in functional connectivity was observed in the hippocampus.
FRONTIERS IN SYSTEMS NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Monica Mendoza, Max Shotbolt, Muneeb A. Faiq, Carlos Parra, Kevin C. Chan
Summary: This review summarizes the applications of advanced diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the glaucomatous visual system, discussing its potential in non-invasively evaluating glaucomatous changes and guiding early intervention. The review discusses various diffusion MRI methods used in visual system investigations, evaluating their ability to assess neuronal and glial integrity and comparing them with other imaging modalities. The review concludes that diffusion MRI holds promise in characterizing early glaucomatous changes, determining disease severity, and identifying potential neurotherapeutic targets.
Article
Immunology
Keke Hao, Huiling Wang, Yuejin Zhang, Xinhui Xie, Huan Huang, Cheng Chen, Shilin Xu, Rui Xu, Chang Shu, Zhongchun Liu, Yuan Zhou, Gavin P. Reynolds, Gaohua Wang
Summary: Early life stress may lead to schizophrenia-like phenotypes and persistent hippocampal abnormalities. Nicotinamide may be a safe and effective treatment in adolescence to restore normal hippocampal function and prevent or ameliorate schizophrenia-like behavior.
JOURNAL OF NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
David Taylor, Ramalingam Chithiramohan, Jasdev Grewal, Avirup Gupta, Lars Hansen, Gavin P. Reynolds, Sofia Pappa
Summary: There are three marketed dopamine D2 partial agonists worldwide: aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, and cariprazine. These drugs have similar pharmacological properties and clinical effects, including being effective antipsychotics with antimanic and antidepressant activity. They are well tolerated with minimal side effects and have a low risk of increased prolactin, weight gain, and tardive dyskinesia.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
John Cookson, Jonathan Pimm, Gavin Reynolds
Summary: This study examines the effects of combining partial agonists and full antagonists in the treatment of psychosis and analyzes the impact of the dopamine hypothesis on treatment outcomes. The combinations considered include aripiprazole with amisulpride, with risperidone in people with hyperprolactinaemia, and with olanzapine to mitigate weight gain. The study discusses the potential worsening of symptoms by adding or switching to a partial agonist and explores the adverse interaction with a full antagonist, such as haloperidol, during a subsequent relapse to control severe agitation.
Letter
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gavin P. Reynolds
Article
Clinical Neurology
Ji Won Bang, Russell W. Chan, Carlos Parra, Matthew C. Murphy, Joel S. Schuman, Amy C. Nau, Kevin C. Chan
Summary: The varying degrees of plasticity in the brain are influenced by the age at the onset of blindness. Cholinergic signals originating from the nucleus basalis of Meynert may contribute to these differences. However, it is unclear whether the nucleus basalis of Meynert undergoes plastic changes after blindness. In this study, using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the structural and functional properties of the nucleus basalis of Meynert in early blind, late blind, and sighted individuals.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Patryk Filipiak, Thajunnisa A. Sajitha, Timothy M. Shepherd, Kamri Clarke, Hannah Goldman, Dimitris G. Placantonakis, Jiangyang Zhang, Kevin C. Chan, Fernando E. Boada, Steven H. Baete
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Ji Won Bang, Carlos Parra, Kevin Yu, Gadi Wollstein, Joel S. Schuman, Kevin C. Chan
Summary: Reduced GABA in the visual cortex of glaucoma patients is shown to be tightly linked to disruption of stimulus-specific neural representations. Our study reveals that both GABA and glutamate levels decrease with increasing glaucoma severity regardless of age among older adults. Furthermore, we found that the reduction of GABA but not glutamate predicts the neural specificity in glaucoma, independent of retina structure impairments, age, and the gray matter volume of the visual cortex. Our results suggest that targeting GABA could improve the neural specificity in glaucoma.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2023)