Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anika Neu, Michael Beaulieu, Klaus Fischer
Summary: Plastic behavioural adjustments are powerful mechanisms for animals to respond to environmental changes, such as modifying resource use in challenging conditions. This study investigated how female Bicyclus anynana butterflies could enhance reproductive performance by adjusting host plant use in response to different temperature regimes. Results showed that reproductive performance decreased under hot conditions, particularly when butterflies only had access to low-quality plants. However, despite this, individuals did not increase selectivity towards higher-quality plants in response to the temperature changes.
Review
Plant Sciences
Rebecca Grumet, Ying-Chen Lin, Stephanie Rett-Cadman, Ajaz Malik
Summary: Cucumber fruits exhibit extensive variation in morphological features such as size, shape, waxiness, spines, warts, and flesh thickness. Genetic factors influencing floral organ establishment, cell division and cell cycle regulation, hormone biosynthesis and response, sugar transport, trichome development, and cutin, wax, and pigment biosynthesis have been identified as factors influencing cucumber fruit morphology. Understanding and manipulating these genetic factors can lead to the development of cucumber varieties with desired traits and improved qualities for consumers.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Luca Fontanesi
Summary: This review focuses on rabbit genetic resources that have been bred for specific exterior traits, discussing the potential use of naturally occurring rabbit mutants as animal models for further genetic studies. It also provides a historical overview of domesticated rabbit populations and analyzes genetic features of different breeds related to coat colors and body shapes. Additional studies are needed to fully characterize genetic variability in fancy breeds and commercial lines.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Laise da Silva Durante, Gabriela Hollmann, Evelise Maria Nazari
Summary: This study evaluated the toxicity of GBH herbicide RWG (R) on the embryonic and larval development of Danio rerio. The results showed that low concentrations of RWG (R) had negative effects on the survival and movement of embryos and larvae, as well as cell proliferation and cell death. This highlights the importance of constantly reviewing acceptable exposure limits for GBH in natural environments.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Horticulture
Hanisah Ali, Nurhanani Sallahuddin, Nur Haziqah Ahmed Shamsudin, Nurul Amalina Mohd Zain, Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim, Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob
Summary: This study investigated the effects of various stress factors on somaclonal variation in in vitro grown O. stamineus plantlets. The exposure to high salinity, abscisic acid, and high cytokinin concentrations resulted in the occurrence of somaclonal variation, with hyperhydricity being the most prominent variant. The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic ability of the plantlets were reduced with increasing abiotic stress levels.
Article
Plant Sciences
Hoda H. Senousy, Yousef Alhaj Hamoud, Abdelghafar M. Abu-Elsaoud, Omar Mahmoud Al Zoubi, Nessreen F. Abdelbaky, Muhammad Zia-ur-Rehman, Muhammad Usman, Mona H. Soliman
Summary: The application of aqueous algal extracts derived from Chlorella vulgaris and Dunaliella salina effectively mitigated the negative impact of salinity stress on Phaseolus vulgaris plants, improving their biomass allocation, water relations, and nutrient levels. This finding highlights the significance of algal extracts in alleviating salinity-induced stress in plants.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Jesper Boman, Carina F. Mugal, Niclas Backstrom
Summary: Recombination reshuffles alleles through crossover and gene conversion, impacting genetic diversity. In wood white butterflies, gBGC is not the main determinant of genetic diversity; high linked selection and GC content reduce diversity. The joint effects of gBGC and mutation bias may resemble linked selection's impact on diversity levels.
GENOME BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Xiaofan Jiang, Omar A. Mahroo
Summary: Negative ERG occurs when the b-wave is selectively reduced, indicating a site of retinal dysfunction, helping in the diagnosis of genetic or acquired diseases. In genetic diseases, the abnormal pattern of negative ERG can point to variants in a small group of genes, while in acquired diseases, negative ERG may suggest melanoma-associated retinopathy.
Article
Plant Sciences
Usman Ijaz, Temoor Ahmed, Muhammad Rizwan, Muhammad Noman, Anis Ali Shah, Farrukh Azeem, Hesham F. Alharby, Atif A. Bamagoos, Basmah M. Alharbi, Shafaqat Ali
Summary: The agricultural sector is facing challenges due to climate change and limited resources, with salinity stress being a major constraint. Nanotechnology, specifically silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs), has been found to alleviate the harmful effects of salt stress and promote plant growth and antioxidant capacity. This research demonstrates the potential of SiNPs as a solution for food security.
PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Farshad Fallah, Danial Kahrizi, Abbas Rezaeizad, Alireza Zebarjadi, Leila Zarei, Hulya Dogan
Summary: The present study evaluated genetic variability and estimated genetic parameters of morphological and agro-physiological traits in Camelina sativa using biometrical genetic techniques. Significant differences were observed between genotypes for all traits, and high genetic potential, low environmental effects, and additive gene effects were observed for certain traits. The number of pods per plant, biological yield, shoot weight, and pod straw weight showed the highest positive correlation with kernel yield. The selection of certain traits would simultaneously affect the others in a positive way.
TURKISH JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
(2023)
Review
Genetics & Heredity
Tal T. Sadeh, Graeme C. Black, Forbes Manson
Summary: Calcium channels play a crucial role in cellular functions, and mutations in the high voltage-gated calcium channel family have implications for diseases such as malignant hyperthermia, QT syndromes, deafness, and congenital stationary night blindness. Understanding the specific mechanisms of each Cav1 channel is important for developing targeted therapeutic treatments, particularly for X-linked iCSNB.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Dariusz Kulus, Alicja Tymoszuk, Iwona Jedrzejczyk, Janusz Winiecki
Summary: Gold nanoparticles have a positive impact on the micropropagation and acclimatization efficiencies in bleeding heart, while microwaves are less useful. Different genetic markers can be used to detect mutations in the species. Additionally, the study provides the first estimation of the genome size of Lamprocapnos spectabilis.
PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURE
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Z. Shirkhani, A. Chehregani Rad, F. Mohsenzadeh
Summary: This study conducted a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of the toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) on D. stramonium. The results showed that Cd accumulation in plant tissues increased with concentration, leading to negative effects on growth and physiological factors. Changes in DNA damage and methylation were also observed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Oyenike A. Adeyemo, Omodolapo O. Ayodele, Micheal O. Ajisafe, Uzezi Elizabeth Okinedo, Daniel O. Adeoye, Abraham B. Afanou, Faridh A. Akinsemoyin, Oreoluwa O. Ogunjobi, Olamilekan J. Kasali, Ekene E. Chukwudiri
Summary: This study examines the genetic diversity and intra-specific relationships among 16 cultivated jute mallows, revealing moderate to high variation in traits such as number of pods, pod yield, and plant height. Using quantitative trait analysis and SSR markers, the cultivars are divided into two main groups and an outgroup, with distinctive differences observed between Ghana/Togo cultivars and those from Nigeria.
SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Sharon A. Appleyard, Safia Maher, Anthony G. Miskiewicz, Ana Lara-Lopez, Paloma Matis, D. Stewart Fielder, Iain M. Suthers
Summary: This study utilized an integrative taxonomic approach to identify yellowtail kingfish and wild sourced fish larvae based on morphology, imaging, and DNA barcoding. Results showed that genetic species identification was successful in cultured yellowtail kingfish fixed in formalin for up to 6 months, with a 100% success rate. Furthermore, up to 8-weeks formalin fixed wild caught fish larvae achieved a species identification success rate of 93%.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Chunyan Fang, Yaqun Xin, Tao Sun, Antonia Monteiro, Zhanfeng Ye, Fangyin Dai, Cheng Lu, Xiaoling Tong
Summary: The long-standing view that insect forewings develop independently of Hox genes is challenged by this study. The researchers show that the Hox gene Antennapedia (Antp) plays a role in wing development in Bombyx, Drosophila, and Tribolium by regulating the expression of specific genes involved in wing growth and cuticle formation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Suriya Narayanan Murugesan, Heidi Connahs, Yuji Matsuoka, Mainak Das Gupta, Galen J. L. Tiong, Manizah Huq, V Gowri, Sarah Monroe, Kevin D. Deem, Thomas Werner, Yoshinori Tomoyasu, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: Research suggests that butterfly eyespots likely originated by repurposing ancestral appendage generegulatory network (GRN) elements to novel locations on the wing. Comparative transcriptome analysis and CRISPR knockout experiments indicate that eyespots share regulatory connections with antennae and the loss of specific regulatory elements leads to the loss of eyespots, antennae, legs, and wings.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Suriya N. Murugesan, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: Cis-regulatory elements (CREs), also known as enhancers, are noncoding DNA segments that regulate the spatial and temporal expression of nearby genes. This perspective discusses the origins of modular and pleiotropic CREs, proposing a CRE-DDC model for the derivation of modular CREs from pleiotropic CREs through duplication, degeneration, and complementation. It also suggests that hotspot loci of evolution are associated with the origin of modular CREs in a regulatory network.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Biology
Heidi Connahs, Eunice Jingmei Tan, Yi Ting Ter, Emilie Dion, Yuji Matsuoka, Ashley Bear, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: Seasonal plasticity in male courtship in Bicyclus anynana butterflies is regulated by the steroid hormone 20E during pupation. Lower levels of 20E during the dry season result in reduced courtship rates, but injecting 20E into dry season males can restore courtship rates. The yellow gene acts as a repressor of male courtship behavior, and 20E may play an organizational role in regulating yellow expression during pupal brain development.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shen Tian, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: Organisms in regions with alternating seasons develop different phenotypes in each season, which are adaptations to the environment. This study investigates how gene expression, alternative splicing, and miRNA-mediated gene silencing vary in Bicyclus anynana butterfly hindwing tissue at different developmental timepoints and rearing temperatures. The results suggest that developmental transitions and hormone pulses have a greater impact on transcriptomic patterns than rearing temperatures. The study also identifies differentially expressed genes, differentially spliced genes, and miRNA-regulated genes between the seasonal forms.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Anupama Prakash, Cedric Finet, Tirtha Das Banerjee, Vinodkumar Saranathan, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: This study reveals the genetic and physical basis of butterfly wing silver scale development and identifies the importance of the thickness of the air layer between two cuticular laminas in producing silver reflectance. By examining the function of related genes, it is found that multiple parameters simultaneously transform when silver scales become brown or vice versa. Additionally, Antennapedia and optix are identified as high-level regulators involved in determining both silver scale types.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaoling Tong, Min-Jin Han, Kunpeng Lu, Shuaishuai Tai, Shubo Liang, Yucheng Liu, Hai Hu, Jianghong Shen, Anxing Long, Chengyu Zhan, Xin Ding, Shuo Liu, Qiang Gao, Bili Zhang, Linli Zhou, Duan Tan, Yajie Yuan, Nangkuo Guo, Yan-Hong Li, Zhangyan Wu, Lulu Liu, Chunlin Li, Yaru Lu, Tingting Gai, Yahui Zhang, Renkui Yang, Heying Qian, Yanqun Liu, Jiangwen Luo, Lu Zheng, Jinghou Lou, Yunwu Peng, Weidong Zuo, Jiangbo Song, Songzhen He, Songyuan Wu, Yunlong Zou, Lei Zhou, Lan Cheng, Yuxia Tang, Guotao Cheng, Lianwei Yuan, Weiming He, Jiabao Xu, Tao Fu, Yang Xiao, Ting Lei, Anying Xu, Ye Yin, Jian Wang, Antonia Monteiro, Eric Westhof, Cheng Lu, Zhixi Tian, Wen Wang, Zhonghuai Xiang, Fangyin Dai
Summary: In this study, a super pangenome assembled from long-read sequences of 545 silkworms is described. The researchers identified sets of genes that were naturally or artificially selected and found a high density of genomic variants in the silkworm population. They also discovered thousands of new genes and structure variations that may contribute to the artificial selection of silkworm for silk production and adaptation. The findings provide valuable genomic resources for functional genomics studies and breeding improvement in silkworm.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Timothy E. Saunders, Anto Prime Nia Monteiro
Summary: New research on five lizard species shows that reaction-diffusion models can accurately predict future adult skin patterns, even without knowing the molecular details. This has implications for understanding the evolution of complex patterns.
Article
Developmental Biology
Yuji Matsuoka And, Antoonia Monteiro
Summary: Nymphalid butterfly species exhibit asymmetry in the number of eyespots on their forewings and hindwings. A study on Bicyclus anynana butterflies revealed similar genetic interactions between three eyespot-essential genes in both fore- and hindwings, but also identified three regulatory differences. The study proposed a model explaining how the regulatory connections between these genes evolved to generate wing- and sector-specific variation in eyespot number.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Jocelyn Liang Qi Wee, Suriya Narayanan Murugesan, Christopher W. Wheat, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: Spots in pierid butterflies and eyespots in nymphalid butterflies are likely non-homologous wing colour pattern elements, yet they share a few features in common. Both develop black scales that depend on the function of the gene spalt, and both might have central signalling cells. This suggests that both pattern elements may be sharing common genetic circuitry.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
How Hong Chuen Shaun, Tirtha Das Banerjee, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: This study reveals that the expression and function of vermilion and cinnabar genes, involved in the ommochrome pathway, differ in the eyes and wings of Bicyclus anynana butterflies. The researchers found the presence of ommochrome and its precursors in the orange wing scales and hemolymph of pupae. They conclude that the wings of these butterflies either synthesize ommochromes locally or incorporate them from elsewhere, suggesting different metabolic pathways or transport mechanisms.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tirtha Das Banerjee, Suriya Narayanan Murugesan, Heidi Connahs, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: In this study, the localization and function of Armadillo/beta-catenin dependent and independent Wnt signaling in eyespot and band development in Bicyclus anynana were explored. Armadillo (Arm) protein localization, expression analysis of all eight Wnt ligand and four frizzled receptor transcripts, and CRISPR-Cas9 experiments were used to investigate the role of specific ligands and receptors. The results reveal the essential role of distinct Wnt signaling pathways in eyespot and band patterning in butterflies, suggesting their interaction to control active domains.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuji Matsuoka, Suriya Narayanan Murugesan, Anupama Prakash, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: The thoracic legs and abdominal prolegs in Lepidopteran larvae are not serial homologs, and the development of prolegs may be regulated by a modular gene network in the abdomen.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cedric Finet, Qifeng Ruan, Yi Yang Bei, John You En Chan, Vinodkumar Saranathan, Joel K. W. Yang, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: Terrestrial organisms rarely possess optical transparency, but some butterflies and moths have evolved transparent wings through loss of pigments and alteration of wing scales. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of wing transparency in the butterfly Phanus vitreus. We found that transparency is achieved by loss of pigments and vertical arrangement of normal scales, combined with an anti-reflective nipple array on exposed parts of the wing membrane. The blueish coloration of transparent regions is attributed to the properties of the wing membrane and local scale nanostructures.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Tirtha Das Banerjee, Shen Tian, Antonia Monteiro
Summary: Assigning specific patterns of gene expression to specific cells in complex tissues helps connect genotype and phenotype. Laser dissection of tissues followed by transcriptome analysis is an efficient and cost-effective technique that provides both unbiased gene expression discovery and spatial information.
METHODS AND PROTOCOLS
(2022)