Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiahui Zhang, Fnu Anshul, Deepak K. Malhotra, Juan Jaume, Lance D. Dworkin, Rujun Gong
Summary: Microdose lithium exerts a protective effect on pancreatic islet beta-cells through targeting the GSK3 beta-regulated Nrf2 antioxidant response, ameliorating T1D and its associated kidney impairment.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ya-Qin Du, Xue-Ying Sha, Jie Cheng, Jin Wang, Jing-Yu Lin, Wen-Tao An, Wei Pan, Li-Jun Zhang, Xiao-Na Tao, Yun-Fei Xu, Ying-Li Jia, Zhao Yang, Peng Xiao, Ming Liu, Jin-Peng Sun, Xiao Yu
Summary: This study reveals the existence of endogenous LCFA-GPR120 circuits in pancreatic islets that modulate islet homeostasis. Oleic acid (OA) and linoleic acid (LA) were identified as GPR120 agonists within the islets, promoting insulin secretion by inhibiting somatostatin secretion. LA exerted higher potency compared to OA, depending on beta-arrestin2 function. Impaired GPR120 signaling in diabetic models could be improved by replenishing OA and LA, and LA administration improved glucose metabolism in db/db mice.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Romina J. Bevacqua, Xiaoqing Dai, Jonathan Y. Lam, Xueying Gu, Mollie S. H. Friedlander, Krissie Tellez, Irene Miguel-Escalada, Silvia Bonas-Guarch, Goutham Atla, Weichen Zhao, Seung Hyun Kim, Antonia A. Dominguez, Lei S. Qi, Jorge Ferrer, Patrick E. MacDonald, Seung K. Kim
Summary: The successful genome editing in primary human islets using CRISPR and Cas9 revealed genetic and regulatory mechanisms associated with diabetes pathogenesis. Targeting regulatory elements associated with T2D susceptibility could provide insight into diabetes risk and genetic susceptibility.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Rahul Khatri, Sebastian Friedrich Petry, Thomas Linn
Summary: The study suggests that the physical contact between MSC and pancreatic islet cells is necessary for unleashing their protective potential fully. Administration of MSC through the intrapancreatic route improved hyperglycemia, promoted proliferation of islet cells, increased islet number and area, enhanced expression of growth factor (EGF), and balanced the Th1/Th2 response in vivo. Additionally, direct physical contact provided superior protection to MIN6-cells from STZ damage in vitro through the AKT and ERK pathways.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Young-Gon Kim, Jisook Park, Eun Young Park, Sang-Mi Kim, Soo-Youn Lee
Summary: This study investigated the response of normal pancreatic islet cells to pancreatic cancer-derived exosomes in order to identify potential biomarkers for pancreatic cancer-induced diabetes mellitus (PC-DM) and pancreatic cancer itself. Changes in microRNA expression were evaluated, and 24 candidate miRNA markers were proposed. These markers showed relevance to diabetes mellitus and/or insulin resistance, suggesting a potential association with PC-DM.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yuhua Gao, Weijun Guan, Chunyu Bai
Summary: In this study, we isolated and cultured pancreatic ductal cells from canines and successfully induced their differentiation into functional pancreatic beta cells. The differentiated cells expressed insulin and glucagon, synthesized insulin granules, and secreted insulin in response to glucose stimuli.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fabia Judice Marques Viroel, Leticia Favara Laurino, Erika Leao Ajala Caetano, Angela Faustino Jozala, Sara Rosicler Vieira Spim, Thaisa Borim Pickler, Michelle Klein Sercundes, Marcela C. Gomes, Alessandre Hataka, Denise Grotto, Marli Gerenutti
Summary: The consumption of Ganoderma lucidum, a type of mushroom, has positive effects on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and maternal-fetal health. Ganoderma lucidum contains various bioactive compounds that can regulate blood glucose and be used in anti-cancer therapy.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Won Yeong Park, Jaeyoon Kim, Hoan Le, Bumju Kim, Per-Olof Berggren, Ki Hean Kim
Summary: Pancreatic islets are crucial for glucose homeostasis and their dysfunction is closely related to diabetes. Islet transplantation into the anterior chamber of the eye (ACE) has been developed for in vivo islet study and diabetes treatment. This study demonstrates that optical coherence microscopy (OCM) can be used as a non-invasive and sensitive monitoring method for the early detection of deficient islet grafts in ACE.
BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Valery Golderman, Zehavit Goldberg, Shany Guly Gofrit, Amir Dori, Nicola Maggio, Joab Chapman, Ifat Sher, Ygal Rotenstreich, Efrat Shavit-Stein
Summary: Diabetic encephalopathy is a diabetes-related inflammation complication, which can be modulated by inhibiting thrombin PAR1. In this study, mice with diabetes were treated with PARIN5 and showed improved behavior, normalized serum NfL levels, and prevented peripheral thrombin activity increase. PARIN5 treatment also prevented elevation of TNF-alpha and FX, but significantly elevated prothrombin expression. Therefore, PARIN5 treatment may be a potential option for preventing behavioral and neural damage in diabetic encephalopathy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xing Wang, Dongmei Long, Xianghong Hu, Nan Guo
Summary: Gentiopicroside (GPS) is a secoiridoid glycoside that can improve chronic complications associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and regulate glucose metabolism. This study found that GPS inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway and maintains intestinal barrier integrity, ultimately improving T2DM.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ronald M. Evans, Zong Wei
Summary: Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin in response to glucose, and this process is regulated by multiple factors, including input signals from other organ systems. Impaired beta cell function is involved in the development of type 2 diabetes, and enhancing beta cell function through inter-organ communication, such as GLP-1 signaling, has been an effective therapeutic strategy.
Article
Biophysics
Patrycja Sokolowska, Kamil Zukowski, Justyna Janikiewicz, Elzbieta Jastrzebska, Agnieszka Dobrzyn, Zbigniew Brzozka
Summary: This study presents an Islet-on-a-chip system for three-dimensional pancreatic islet cell culture and analysis, utilizing micropillar-based microfluidic platform. The system ensures proper cell distribution, high viability, and optimal culture conditions for cell aggregates, which may be useful for testing pathogenic effectors and therapeutic agents in the future.
BIOSENSORS & BIOELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Ruediger Goess, Ayse Ceren Mutgan, Umut Calisan, Yusuf Ceyhun Erdogan, Lei Ren, Carsten Jager, Okan Safak, Pavel Stupakov, Rouzanna Istvanffy, Helmut Friess, Guralp O. Ceyhan, Ihsan Ekin Demir
Summary: The pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes mellitus is not well understood. A study analyzed tumor infiltration into Langerhans islets and identified four main patterns of islet invasion. While diabetes mellitus was not related to islet invasion, severe invasion was associated with worse overall survival.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wanfang Zheng, Linghuan Li, Hanbing Li
Summary: GLP-1 receptor-based therapies have shown great potential in clinical practice for improving glycemic control and beta cell function. In addition, phytochemicals with similar mechanisms as GLP-1 have been identified as potential candidates against diabetes.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Junlun Wei, Zhenghao Wang, Tingrui Han, Jiaoting Chen, Yiran Ou, Lan Wei, Xinyue Zhu, Ke Wang, Zhe Yan, Yuan-Ping Han, Xiaofeng Zheng
Summary: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a systemic metabolic disease with high mortality and morbidity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a novel class of signaling molecules, biomarkers, and therapeutic agents. EVs-mediated intercellular and interorgan crosstalk of pancreatic islets plays a crucial role in the regulation of insulin secretion and action, maintaining glucose homeostasis, and is involved in pathological changes associated with DM. Furthermore, EVs can serve as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for the diagnosis and treatment of DM. A better understanding of EVs-mediated communication in pancreatic islets will enhance our knowledge of physiological homeostasis and the development of DM.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ernest Adeghate, Mohamed Lotfy, Crystal D'Souza, Saleh Meqbel Alseiari, Abdulla Ali Alsaadi, Saif Abdo Qahtan
DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sahar Mohsin, Suneesh Kaimala, Eman Khamis Yousef AlTamimi, Saeed Tariq, Ernest Adeghate
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Editorial Material
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nabil Eid, Manoj B. Menon, Paul Thomes, Tao Zeng, Nuno Raimundo, Jose C. Fernandez-Checa, Lin Wang, Yuko Ito, Yoshinori Otsuki, Ernest Adeghate
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alaa Alachkar, Sheikh Azimullah, Mohamed Lotfy, Ernest Adeghate, Shreesh K. Ojha, Rami Beiram, Dorota Lazewska, Katarzyna Kiec-Kononowicz, Bassem Sadek
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Haba Elabadlah, Rasheed Hameed, Crystal D'Souza, Sahar Mohsin, Ernest A. Adeghate
Article
Cell Biology
Jennifer O. Adeghate, Crystal D'Souza, Orsolya Kantor, Saeed Tariq, Abdul-Kader Souid, Ernest Adeghate
Summary: The study investigated the effects of early onset of diabetes mellitus on retina ultrastructure and cellular bioenergetics. Results showed that diabetic rats had significantly higher levels of blood glucose and cholesterol, as well as increased degeneration of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Additionally, levels of incretins and antioxidants were elevated in the diabetic rat retina, suggesting a potential protective mechanism during the early phase of diabetes progression.
Article
Biology
Ernest Adeghate, Crystal M. D'Souza, Zulqarnain Saeed, Saeeda Al Jaberi, Saeed Tariq, Huba Kalasz, Kornelia Tekes, Ernest A. Adeghate
Summary: The study found that Nociceptin (NC) treatment in diabetic rats significantly increased the presence of catalase (CAT) in the liver and brain, elevated levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver and brain, and increased expression of glutathione reductase (GRED) in the kidney, liver, and brain. This suggests that NC can help mitigate oxidative stress in diabetic patients by inducing endogenous antioxidants.
Article
Biology
Annie John, Layla Amiri, Jasmin Shafarin, Saeed Tariq, Ernest Adeghate, Frank Christopher Howarth, Haider Raza
Summary: Aspirin treatment prevents alterations in mitochondrial function, improves pancreatic endocrine function, and regulates oxidative metabolism. It also improves respiratory function and energy metabolism in mitochondria, and repairs some cellular abnormalities in the liver and kidneys.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bright Starling Emerald, Sahar Mohsin, Crystal D'Souza, Annie John, Hussain El-Hasasna, Shreesh Ojha, Haider Raza, Basel Al-Ramadi, Ernest Adeghate
Summary: Nitric oxide is involved in the development of diabetes, with neuronal nitric oxide synthase playing a role in the pancreatic beta cell metabolism. However, nNOS disappears quickly in pancreatic beta cells while increasing in pancreatic nerves during the early stages of diabetes. Oxidative stress, measured by ROS and TBARS, is increased in the early stages of diabetes but decreases over time.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Salim M. A. Bastaki, Naheed Amir, Ernest Adeghate, Shreesh Ojha
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) are gastrointestinal diseases involving oxidative stress and inflammation. Plant-based compound LYCO has been investigated for its potential therapeutic benefits in treating IBD by targeting oxidative stress and inflammation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ifrah Ismail Ali, Crystal D'Souza, Jaipaul Singh, Ernest Adeghate
Summary: Adropin plays an important role in energy homeostasis and glucose metabolism, and has effects on cholesterol regulation and anti-inflammation. This article provides an overview of the role of Adropin in different pathological conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Biology
Ahmed Sultan, Ernest Adeghate, Bright Starling Emerald, Muhammad A. Qureshi, Saeed Tariq Minhas, Frank Christopher Howarth
Summary: The study found that the amplitude of shortening in ZF rat ventricular myocytes was increased, while resting Ca2+ levels were elevated in ZDF rat myocytes. Additionally, the time for Ca2+ transient half decay was prolonged in ZDF rats and reduced in ZF rats compared to ZL rats. Changes in protein expression and cell structure were also noted.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zannatul Ferdous, Ozaz Elzaki, Sumaya Beegam, Nur Elena Zaaba, Saeed Tariq, Ernest Adeghate, Abderrahim Nemmar
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of hypertension on silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) induced hemolysis and the underlying pathophysiological mechanism. SiNPs caused dose-dependent hemolysis, erythrocyte deformity, and increased susceptibility to lipid peroxidation. The concentration of intracellular Ca2+, annexin V, and calpain activity were also increased by SiNPs. Importantly, all these effects were potentiated in erythrocytes from hypertensive rats.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mohamed Omer Mahgoub, Ifrah Ismail Ali, Jennifer O. O. Adeghate, Kornelia Tekes, Huba Kalasz, Ernest A. A. Adeghate
Summary: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an increasing global prevalence, projecting to reach 783 million cases in 2045. The management cost for diabetes in 2021 alone exceeded USD 966 billion. Lack of physical activity due to urbanization is believed to be a major cause for the increasing incidence, associated with higher obesity rates. Successful management of blood glucose is crucial in diabetes therapy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
M. F. Nagoor Meeran, Sheikh Azimullah, Farah Laham, Saeed Tariq, Sameer N. Goyal, Ernest Adeghate, Shreesh Ojha