Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Andrea Fazi, Mohammad Sattari, Michal Strach, Torben Boll, Krystyna Stiller, Hans-Olof Andr, Denise Adorno Lopes, Mattias Thuvander
Summary: The accident tolerant fuel (ATF) concept aims to improve safety measures and fuel cladding performance in light water reactors. This study tested two versions of a nitride coating on zirconium claddings under boiling water reactor (BWR) operating conditions and found that both coatings demonstrated improved oxidation protection.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Marco Beltrami, Andraz Mavric, Simone Dal Zilio, Mattia Fanetti, Gregor Kapun, Marco Lazzarino, Orfeo Sbaizero, Miha Cekada
Summary: Nanolaminate coatings (NLC) consisting of alternated CrN coupled with either beta-W2N or gamma-Mo2N were deposited on tool steel substrates using reactive DC reactive magnetron sputtering. The NLC systems showed improved mechanical and corrosion resistance compared to single-layer systems, with both properties improving with decreasing individual layer thickness. The CrN/beta-W2N NLC combined the high hardness of W2N with the low corrosion of CrN, while the CrN/gamma-Mo2N NLC showed synergistic improvements in both hardness and corrosion resistance. The relationship between mechanical and corrosion properties and bilayer period was discussed in terms of grain size, residual stress, texture, and nanostructured architecture.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microscopy
Helene Waldl, Marcus Hans, Maximilian Schiester, Daniel Primetzhofer, Michael Burtscher, Nina Schalk, Michael Tkadletz
Summary: It has been found that the elemental composition determined by atom probe tomography (APT) can be significantly influenced by measurement parameters, especially in laser-assisted APT. This study performed laser-assisted APT experiments on Cr0.51N0.49 and thermally more stable (Cr0.47Al0.53)0.49N0.51, comparing different base temperatures, laser wavelengths, and laser pulse energies. The results showed that the laser pulse energy had a strong effect on the apparent elemental composition, and the thermal stability of the material also played a role.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu Xia, Jiaming Liu, Xingchu Zhang, Renlong Zhou
Summary: Research findings show that laser energy absorption and field evaporation mechanisms can be described by an effective cross section, while the fluctuation of charge state is influenced by collective excitation of electrons. The average charge state is only dependent on the static field strength.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Chaitanya Mahajan, Vahid Hasannaeimi, Mayur Pole, Elizabeth Kautz, Bharat Gwalani, Sundeep Mukherjee
Summary: The effect of chemistry change on corrosion mechanisms and passive film characteristics of model Ni-P and Co-P metallic glass coatings on mild steel was investigated. Increasing phosphorus content enhanced corrosion resistance, with the presence of hypophosphite and phosphate anions observed on the corroded surfaces. Enrichment of phosphorus in the passive layer facilitated the restoration of the protective hypophosphite anion layer during dissolution. A correlation between electronic structure and corrosion resistance was established, as the relative work function increased with higher phosphorus content.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
K. Bobzin, T. Broegelmann, J. Mayer, M. R. Iskandar, N. C. Kruppe, M. Naderi
Summary: This study aims to analyze the area beneath the nanoscratch track on micro and nano scale, investigating the flattening of the hard coating during nanoscratch test and the melting of low melting oxides due to mechanical and thermal load. Results show changes in crystallinity and identification of amorphous fractions in the near-surface area.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Daniel S. Mosiman, Yi-Sheng Chen, Limei Yang, Brian Hawkett, Simon P. Ringer, Benito J. Marinas, Julie M. Cairney
Summary: Two techniques were developed to encapsulate and prepare HAP NPs into APT tips for characterization, revealing significant tradeoffs between encapsulant methods/materials for HAP characterization and the need for further technique development to select a more robust approach. This work serves as an essential starting point for advancing knowledge about the nanoscale spatiochemistry of HAP NPs.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jiayi He, Xuexia Lan, Jian Wan, Huanlong Liu, Zhongwu Liu, Dongling Jiao, Xichun Zhong, Yitian Cheng, Wanqi Qiu
Summary: Fe alloying was used to improve the processing of Cr/CrN composite coatings, resulting in dense Cr-Fe alloy targets fabricated at a lower sintering temperature. The hardness and toughness of the coatings were enhanced through solution strengthening, leading to a pearlite-like distribution of Cr(Fe) and (Cr,Fe)N in the coating structure for improved crack bridging and strain relaxation.
APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
K. Bobzin, C. Kalscheuer, G. Grundmeier, T. de los Arcos, S. Kollmann, M. Carlet
Summary: This study aims to enhance the oxidation stability of CrAlON coatings by increasing the aluminum content in the reaction layer through the incorporation of oxygen in the CrAlN coating. Different oxygen contents were deposited using the dcMS/HPPMS hybrid process and the morphology, chemical composition, phase composition, and elastic-static properties of the coatings were investigated. The results showed that coatings with low oxygen content exhibited higher oxidation stability.
SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Ceramics
Mohsen Soleimani, Arash Fattah-alhosseini, Hassan Elmkhah, Kazem Babaei, Omid Imantalab
Summary: This study evaluates the tribological and corrosion behavior of nano-structured CrN/CrAlN and CrCN/CrAlCN coatings applied on 430 stainless steel. The coatings were characterized using X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and nano-indentation techniques. The adhesion of the coatings to the substrate was also evaluated. The results showed that CrCN/CrAlCN exhibited the lowest friction coefficient and better resistance against corrosion compared to the CrN/CrAlN coating, which can be attributed to its higher hardness, denser structure, lower surface roughness, and low wettability.
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Martin Detrois, Zongrui Pei, Tao Liu, Jonathan D. Poplawsky, Michael C. Gao, Paul D. Jablonski, Jeffrey A. Hawk
Summary: The study found that silicon has a negative impact on the improvement of creep properties in Ni-based superalloys when using B, as silicon decreases the grain boundary cohesion, offsetting the effects of B segregation.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tim M. Schwarz, Hongyi Zhan, Baptist Gault, Christopher M. Gourlay, Ingrid McCarroll
Summary: The peak-aged magnesium-aluminum-rare earth (Mg-Al-RE) alloy AE44-2, produced through high-pressure die casting, exhibits a 10% increase in yield strength due to the formation of nanoscale AlMn precipitates. Atom probe tomography reveals the presence of Ce-rich clusters in the dendritic region rather than the inter-dendritic alpha-Mg in the as cast state, indicating their formation is mainly determined by solidification kinetics rather than concentration. These Ce-rich clusters act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the formation of Al10Mn7RE2 nanoscale precipitates during the T5 heat treatment, suggesting a potential pathway for tailoring mechanical properties.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Colin A. Stewart, Richard W. Fonda, Keith E. Knipling
Summary: An ICME approach was utilized to design a fully Austenitic, Mn-stabilized steel strengthened by nano-scale precipitate phases. Experimental verification confirmed that significant strengthening can be achieved by adding Cu together with Ni+Al, forming FCC-Cu and beta-NiAl nano-precipitates.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
P. Maugis, M. Jouiad, F. Roch, C. Perrin-Pellegrino, K. Hoummada
Summary: Experimental and modeling studies on carbon and nitrogen segregation to dislocations in C-Mn ferritic steels were reported. A model based on McLean theory was established to describe the competitive segregation of carbon and nitrogen in the Cottrell atmospheres around dislocations, taking into account the effect of dislocation density. It was found that the plastic strain during tensile test can modify the material properties by changing the nature and quantity of segregated atoms around dislocations, leading to a preferential segregation of nitrogen over carbon.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Rick Verberne, Steven M. Reddy, David W. Saxey, Denis Fougerouse, William D. A. Rickard, Zakaria Quadir, Noreen J. Evans, Chris Clark
Summary: Element mobility is crucial in geological processes, and understanding how elements migrate in minerals is essential for geochemical and geochronological applications. This study investigates the trace-element composition of dislocations on twin boundaries in rutile using atom probe tomography and transmission electron microscopy. The findings reveal that dislocations in rutile can act as both fast-diffusion pathways and traps for trace elements.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zirong Peng, David Zanuttini, Benoit Gervais, Emmanuelle Jacquet, Ivan Blum, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Dierk Raabe, Francois Vurpillot, Baptiste Gault
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2019)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kihwan Kim, Inyoung Jeong, Yunae Cho, Donghyeop Shin, Soomin Song, Seung Kyu Ahn, Young-Joo Eo, Ara Cho, Chanwon Jung, William Jo, Jin Hyeok Kim, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Jihye Gwak, Jae Ho Yun
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Joohyun Lim, Se-Ho Kim, Raquel Aymerich Armengol, Olga Kasian, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Leigh T. Stephenson, Baptiste Gault, Christina Scheu
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2020)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Won Seok Choi, Hyun Seok Oh, Minjie Lai, Nataliya Malyar, Christoph Kirchlechner, Eun Soo Park, Pyuck-Pa Choi
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Changsoo Lee, Kihyun Shin, Chanwon Jung, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Graeme Henkelman, Hyuck Mo Lee
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Se-Ho Kim, Kyuseon Jang, Phil Woong Kang, Jae-Pyoung Ahn, Jae-Bok Seol, Chang-Min Kwak, Constantinos Hatzoglou, Francois Vurpillot, Pyuck-Pa Choi
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hye Ji Im, Subin Lee, Won Seok Choi, Surendra Kumar Makineni, Dierk Raabe, Won-Seok Ko, Pyuck-Pa Choi
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Chanwon Jung, Biswanath Dutta, Poulumi Dey, Seong-jae Jeon, Seungwoo Han, Hyun-Mo Lee, Jin-Seong Park, Seong-Hoon Yi, Pyuck-Pa Choi
Summary: A novel method of fabricating nanostructured Heusler compounds is proposed by crystallizing an amorphous precursor, resulting in two distinct nanostructures. One of the structures exhibits enhanced negative Seebeck coefficients, potentially due to low energy electron filtering and Co interstitial defects at the interfaces within the nano precipitates. Advanced characterization techniques and theoretical calculations provide detailed insights into the samples.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Won-Seok Ko, Won Seok Choi, Guanglong Xu, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Yuji Ikeda, Blazej Grabowski
Summary: The study used molecular dynamics simulations to understand the functional degradation of nano-scaled NiTi shape memory alloys containing amorphous regions. The influence of amorphous-like grain boundaries or surface regions on the mechanical response under cyclic compression was revealed. The degraded superelasticity under cyclic loading was attributed to accumulated plastic deformation and retained martensite from a synergetic contribution of amorphous and crystalline regions, with proposed methods for recovery and sustainable operation.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tak Min Park, Mun Sik Jeong, Chanwon Jung, Won Seok Choi, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Jeongho Han
Summary: By adding a micro-alloying element and forming precipitates, the steel exhibits higher strength without sacrificing ductility compared to steel without precipitates. The formation of precipitates changes the microstructure of the steel and enhances the strain hardening rate, leading to higher tensile strength.
MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Gwanghyo Choi, Won Seok Choi, Jeongho Han, Pyuck-Pa Choi
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2020)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Seungbum Hong, Chi Hao Liow, Jong Min Yuk, Hye Ryung Byon, Yongsoo Yang, EunAe Cho, Jiwon Yeom, Gun Park, Hyeonmuk Kang, Seunggu Kim, Yoonsu Shim, Moony Na, Chaehwa Jeong, Gyuseong Hwang, Hongjun Kim, Hoon Kim, Seongmun Eom, Seongwoo Cho, Hosun Jun, Yongju Lee, Arthur Baucour, Kihoon Bang, Myungjoon Kim, Seokjung Yun, Jeongjae Ryu, Youngjoon Han, Albina Jetybayeva, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Joshua C. Agar, Sergei Kalinin, Peter W. Voorhees, Peter Littlewood, Hyuck Mo Lee
Summary: Multiscale and multimodal imaging of material structures and properties provide a solid foundation for materials theory and design to flourish. The M3I3 initiative aims to reduce time for the discovery, design and development of materials based on quantifying and understanding multiscale processing-structure-property relationships. By combining machine learning and scientific insights, the vision of M3I3 can be realized through elucidating these relationships and material hierarchies.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Won Seok Choi, Edward L. Pang, Won-Seok Ko, Hosun Jun, Hyuk Jong Bong, Christoph Kirchlechner, Dierk Raabe, Pyuck-Pa Choi
Summary: Understanding the orientation-dependent deformation behavior of NiTi shape-memory alloys at small length scales is crucial for designing nano- and micro-electromechanical systems. The study reveals that plastic deformation modes include slip and deformation twinning, with the martensitic transformation depending on crystal orientation. Results suggest that operative martensitic transformation mode may be size-dependent.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
KenHee Ryou, Boryung Yoo, Pyuck-Pa Choi
Summary: A novel hot cracking mechanism was observed in a direct laser deposited nickel-based superalloy, related to Ni and Mo oxides. The cracks were caused by stress concentration and crack nucleation due to composition variation, leading to liquation cracking during reheating.
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Won Seok Choi, Edward L. Pang, Pyuck-Pa Choi, Christopher A. Schuh
SCRIPTA MATERIALIA
(2020)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Y. Liu, K. Zweiacker, C. Liu, J. T. McKeown, J. M. K. Wiezorek
Summary: The evolution of rapid solidification microstructure and solidification interface velocity of hypereutectic Al-20at.%Cu alloy after laser melting has been studied experimentally. It was found that the formation of microstructure was dominated by eutectic, alpha-cell, and banded morphology grains, and the growth modes changed with increasing interface velocity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bharat Gwalani, Julian Escobar, Miao Song, Jonova Thomas, Joshua Silverstein, Andrew Chihpin Chuang, Dileep Singh, Michael P. Brady, Yukinori Yamamoto, Thomas R. Watkins, Arun Devaraj
Summary: Castable alumina forming austenitic alloys exhibit superior creep life and oxidation resistance at high temperatures. This study reveals the mechanism behind the enhanced creep performance of these alloys by suppressing primary carbide formation and offers a promising alloy design strategy for high-temperature applications.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jian Song, Qi Zhang, Songsong Yao, Kunming Yang, Houyu Ma, Jiamiao Ni, Boan Zhong, Yue Liu, Jian Wang, Tongxiang Fan
Summary: Recent studies have shown that achieving an atomically flat surface for metals can greatly improve their oxidation resistance and enhance their electronic-optical applications. Researchers have explored the use of graphene as a covering layer to achieve atomically flat surfaces. They found that high-temperature deposited graphene on copper surfaces formed mono-atomic steps, while annealed copper and transferred graphene on copper interfaces formed multi-atomic steps.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jennifer A. Glerum, Jon-Erik Mogonye, David C. Dunand
Summary: Elemental powders of Al, Ti, Sc, and Zr are blended and processed via laser powder-bed fusion to create binary and ternary alloys. The microstructural analysis and mechanical testing show that the addition of Ti results in the formation of primary precipitates, while the addition of Sc and Zr leads to the formation of fine grain bands. The Al-0.25Ti-0.25Zr alloy exhibits comparable strain rates to Al-0.5Zr at low stresses, but significantly higher strain rates at higher stresses during compressive creep testing. Finite element modeling suggests that the connectivity of coarse and fine grain regions is a critical factor affecting the creep resistance of the alloys.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. Jannotti, B. C. Hornbuckle, J. T. Lloyd, N. Lorenzo, M. Aniska, T. L. Luckenbaugh, A. J. Roberts, A. Giri, K. A. Darling
Summary: This work characterizes the thermo-mechanical behavior of bulk nanocrystalline Cu-Ta alloys under extreme conditions. The experiments reveal that the alloys exhibit unique mechanical properties, behaving differently from conventional nanocrystalline Cu. They do not undergo grain coarsening during extrusion and exhibit behavior similar to coarse-grained Cu.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Yiqing Wei, Jingwei Li, Daliang Zhang, Bin Zhang, Zizhen Zhou, Guang Han, Guoyu Wang, Carmelo Prestipino, Pierric Lemoine, Emmanuel Guilmeau, Xu Lu, Xiaoyuan Zhou
Summary: This study proposes a new strategy to modify microstructure by phase regulation, which can simultaneously enhance carrier mobility and reduce lattice thermal conductivity. The addition of Cu in layered SnSe2 induces a phase transition that leads to increased grain size and reduced stacking fault density, resulting in improved carrier mobility and lower lattice thermal conductivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jia Chen, Zhengyu Zhang, Eitan Hershkovitz, Jonathan Poplawsky, Raja Shekar Bhupal Dandu, Chang-Yu Hung, Wenbo Wang, Yi Yao, Lin Li, Hongliang Xin, Honggyu Kim, Wenjun Cai
Summary: In this study, the structural origin of the pH-dependent repassivation mechanisms in multi-principal element alloys (MPEA) was investigated using surface characterization and computational simulations. It was found that selective oxidation in acidic to neutral solutions leads to enhanced nickel enrichment on the surface, resulting in reduced repassivation capability and corrosion resistance.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Y. Xu, C. P. Huang, H. Y. Wang, Y. Z. Li, M. X. Huang
Summary: The limited slip systems of magnesium (Mg) and its alloys hinder their wide applications. By conducting tensile straining experiments, researchers discovered a rate-dependent transition in the dislocation mechanisms of Mg alloys. At high strain rates, glissile dislocations dominate, while easy-glide dislocations dominate at low strain rates. Abundant glissile dislocations do not necessarily improve ductility.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
M. S. Szczerba, M. J. Szczerba
Summary: Inverse temperature dependences of the detwinning stress were observed in face-centered cubic deformation twins in Cu-8at.%Al alloy. The detwinning stress increased with temperature when the pi detwinning mode was involved, but decreased when the pi/3 mode was involved. The dual effect of temperature on the detwinning stress was due to the reduction of internal stresses pre-existing within the deformation twins. The complete reduction of internal stresses at about 530 degrees C led to the equivalence of the critical stresses of different detwinning modes and a decrease in the yield stress anisotropy of the twin/matrix structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Taowen Dong, Tingting Qin, Wei Zhang, Yaowen Zhang, Zhuoran Feng, Yuxiang Gao, Zhongyu Pan, Zixiang Xia, Yan Wang, Chunming Yang, Peng Wang, Weitao Zheng
Summary: The interaction between the electrode and the electric double layer (EDL) significantly influences the energy storage mechanism. By studying the popular alpha-Fe2O3 electrode and the EDL interaction, we find that the energy storage mechanism of the electrode can be controlled by modulating the EDL.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Matthew R. Barnett, Jun Wang, Sitarama R. Kada, Alban de Vaucorbeil, Andrew Stevenson, Marc Fivel, Peter A. Lynch
Summary: The elastic-plastic transition in magnesium alloy Mg-4.5Zn exhibits bursts of deformation, which are characterized by sudden changes in grain orientation. These bursts occur in a coordinated manner among nearby grains, with the highest burst rate observed at the onset of full plasticity. The most significant burst events are associated with twinning, supported by the observation of twinned structures using electron microscopy. The bursts are often preceded and followed by a stasis in peak movement, indicating a certain "birth size" for twins upon formation and subsequent growth at a later stage.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vaidehi Menon, Sambit Das, Vikram Gavini, Liang Qi
Summary: Understanding solute segregation thermodynamics is crucial for investigating grain boundary properties. The spectral approach and thermodynamic integration methods can be used to predict solute segregation behavior at grain boundaries and compare with experimental observations, thus aiding in alloy design and performance control.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Feiyu Qin, Lei Hu, Yingcai Zhu, Yuki Sakai, Shogo Kawaguchi, Akihiko Machida, Tetsu Watanuki, Yue-Wen Fang, Jun Sun, Xiangdong Ding, Masaki Azuma
Summary: This study reports on the negative and zero thermal expansion properties of Cd2Re2O7 and Cd1.95Ni0.05Re2O7 materials, along with their ultra-low thermal conductivity. Through investigations of their structures and phonon calculations, the synergistic effect of local structure distortion and soft phonons is revealed as the key to achieving these distinctive properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Beerli, Christian C. Roth, Dirk Mohr
Summary: A novel testing system for miniature specimens is designed to characterize the plastic response of materials for which conventional full-size specimens cannot be extracted. The system has an automated operation process, which reduces the damage to specimens caused by manual handling and improves the stability of the test results. The experiments show that the miniature specimens extracted from stainless steel and aluminum have high reproducibility, and the results are consistent with those of conventional-sized specimens. A correction procedure is provided to consider the influence of surface roughness and heat-affected zone caused by wire EDM.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rani Mary Joy, Paulius Pobedinskas, Nina Baule, Shengyuan Bai, Daen Jannis, Nicolas Gauquelin, Marie-Amandine Pinault-Thaury, Francois Jomard, Kamatchi Jothiramalingam Sankaran, Rozita Rouzbahani, Fernando Lloret, Derese Desta, Jan D'Haen, Johan Verbeeck, Michael Frank Becker, Ken Haenen
Summary: This study investigates the influence of film microstructure and composition on the Young's modulus and residual stress in nanocrystalline diamond thin films. The results provide insights into the mechanical properties and intrinsic stress sources of these films, and demonstrate the potential for producing high-quality nanocrystalline diamond films under certain conditions.