Article
Psychology, Clinical
Minyi Chu, Tingting Xu, Yi Wang, Pei Wang, Qiumeng Gu, Qiang Liu, Eric F. C. Cheung, Raymond C. K. Chan, Zhen Wang
Summary: The study revealed that OCD patients with different levels of childhood trauma exhibit different pathological alterations in thalamic functional connectivity, indicating that childhood trauma may be a predisposing factor for some OCD patients.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jiali He, Shuya Yan, Zijin Song, Qianyi Lu, Shuming Zhong, Shunkai Lai, Ying Wang, Guanmao Chen, Hui Zhao, Pan Chen, Yiliang Zhang, Yanbin Jia
Summary: Both OCD and MDD patients exhibited cognitive impairment in working memory and altered neurometabolism in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). MDD patients showed more severe and broader working memory impairment compared to OCD patients. The dysfunction of PFC may underlie the neural basis of working memory impairment in MDD.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hirofumi Tomiyama, Keitaro Murayama, Kiyotaka Nemoto, Kenta Kato, Akira Matsuo, Aikana Ohno, Mingi Kang, Osamu Togao, Kousei Ishigami, Tomohiro Nakao
Summary: Gyrification patterns are indicative of early neurodevelopment and may have a strong heritable component. Although findings have been inconsistent, it has been consistently observed that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder exhibit altered gyrification patterns in the orbitofrontal cortex. However, no studies have yet examined gyrification alterations in unaffected first-degree relatives of these patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Lining Yin, Fang Han, Qingyun Wang
Summary: This study establishes a biophysical model to explain the mechanism of how high dopamine concentrations induce persistent neuronal activities and working memory defects, leading to obsession and compulsion. The theory highlights the importance of early intervention and behavioral therapies for obsessive-compulsive disorder, offering new approaches to dopaminergic pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.
COGNITIVE NEURODYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Drew C. Schreiner, Christian Cazares, Rafael Renteria, Christina M. Gremel
Summary: Prior experience plays a crucial role in guiding adaptive behavior during decision making. This study demonstrates that mice not only use information from prior actions and rewards, but also selectively incorporate information from recent and longer-term experiences, including checking behavior and the passage of time, to guide self-initiated actions. These experiences are represented in the secondary motor cortex and its projections into the dorsal medial striatum, which influence strategy-level decision-making.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Keiichiro Mukai, Naomi Matsuura, Masahiro Miyauchi, Takuya Hashimoto, Kyosuke Yamanishi, Kensei Maebayashi, Kazuhisa Hayashida, Hisato Matsunaga
Summary: This study found significant differences in brain activation in the frontopolar cortex during executive function tasks between OCD patients with and without a lifetime history of tic disorder. Furthermore, the severity of compulsions in OCD patients with tic disorder had a direct causal effect on brain activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during the Tower of London Task, while the severity of obsessions in OCD patients without tic disorder had a direct causal effect on brain activation in the DLPFC during the same task.
PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Mariela Rance, Zhiying Zhao, Brian Zaboski, Stephen A. Kichuk, Emma Romaker, William N. Koller, Christopher Walsh, Cheyenne Harris-Starling, Suzanne Wasylink, Thomas Adams Jr, Patricia Gruner, Christopher Pittenger, Michelle Hampson
Summary: This study aimed to use fMRI neurofeedback as a treatment for OCD. The results showed that neurofeedback targeting the aPFC can reduce symptoms in OCD, but did not significantly affect control over the aPFC. Future studies should optimize the training protocol and clarify the mechanism of action.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Trevor. W. Robbins
Summary: This scientific commentary discusses the research conducted by Kim et al. on the unbalanced fronto-pallidal neurocircuit underlying set shifting in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, published in the journal Brain.
Article
Psychiatry
Eman M. Khedr, Khaled Elbeh, Mostafa Saber, Zeinab Abdelrady, Ahmed Abdelwarith
Summary: This study compared the effectiveness of low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over different brain regions for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The results showed that both active treatment groups outperformed the sham group in improving OCD symptoms. Patients with shorter illness duration, lower baseline scores, and fewer comorbidities responded better to the treatment.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Fernando Lopez-Sosa, Blanca Reneses, Florencia Sanmartino, Ana Galarza-Vallejo, Julia Garcia-Albea, Alvaro J. Cruz-Gomez, Mar Yebra, Antonio Oliviero, Juan A. Barcia, Bryan A. Strange, Javier J. Gonzalez-Rosa
Summary: In this study, deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) was found to significantly improve inhibitory control abilities in OCD patients, leading to increased cortical activation mainly in the right inferior frontal gyrus and medial frontal gyrus. This modulation of neuronal activity in the prefrontal regions may be triggered by reorganizing brain functions and is associated with underlying cortical thinning.
Article
Psychiatry
Ana Beatriz Ravagnani Salto, Marcos L. Santoro, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Andrea Parolin Jackowski, Pedro M. Pan, Maria Conceicao Rosario, Sintia Belangero, Pedro Gomes Alvarenga, Victoria Fogaca Doretto, Afonso Mazine Tiago Fumo, Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Pedro Macul Ferreira de Barros, Kiara R. Timpano, Vanessa K. Ota, Luis Augusto Rohde, Euripedes Constantino Miguel, James F. Leckman, Andre Zugman
Summary: The study found a significant relationship between OCS and the symmetrized percent change (SPC) of the right thalamus volume in children, but there was no significant relationship between changes in thalamic volume SPC and OCD-PRS. These findings suggest the need for further research to confirm the results and further characterize the specific nature of OCS symptoms associated with thalamic volumes.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Marcelo C. Batistuzzo, Bruna A. Sottili, Roseli G. Shavitt, Antonio C. Lopes, Carolina Cappi, Maria Alice de Mathis, Bruno Pastorello, Juliana B. Diniz, Renata M. F. Silva, Euripedes C. Miguel, Marcelo Q. Hoexter, Maria C. Otaduy
Summary: Recent H-1-MRS studies have found abnormal levels of glutamate and gamma aminobutyric acid in the brains of OCD patients, potentially related to hyperactivation in cortico-striatal circuits. The study identified decreased Glu/Cr concentrations in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex of OCD patients, indicating an imbalance in excitatory neurotransmission.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Cheng-Chia Shih, Yu-Hsuan Chang, Ruei-Jen Chiou, Chun-hui Chang
Summary: Inappropriate fear expression and failure of fear extinction are commonly seen in patients with PTSD and OCD. Aberrant and asymmetric activation of the lOFC is reported in some clinical cases. The study found that activation of the lOFC interfered with the in-session expression of conditioned fear and impaired the acquisition of fear extinction. The abnormal activation of the lOFC disrupted the excitatory/inhibitory balance of neuronal activities in fear-related brain regions.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christian Cazares, Drew C. Schreiner, Mariela Lopez Valencia, Christina M. Gremel
Summary: This study reveals the important role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in utilizing prior action information to guide behavior. Using experiments on mice, researchers discovered that genetically identified lOFC subpopulations instantiate current and prior action information to varying degrees during ongoing action execution.
Article
Neurosciences
Xue Li, Hailong Li, Xi Jiang, Jing Li, Lingxiao Cao, Jing Liu, Haoyang Xing, Xiaoqi Huang, Qiyong Gong
Summary: This study comprehensively analyzed the modular architecture alterations in the brain connectome of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and found that these alterations were associated with clinical symptoms. The findings provide further insights into the involvement of different modules in functional network dysfunction in OCD.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2022)
Review
Criminology & Penology
Benedetta Barchielli, Giulia Lausi, Alessandra Pizzo, Manuel Messineo, Antonio Del Casale, Anna Maria Giannini, Stefano Ferracuti
Summary: Acid attacks are a specific form of interpersonal violence, often stemming from marital disputes and sexual assault cases. They are more prevalent in countries with high social and economic tensions, such as Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India. Risk factors for acid attacks include young age, low socioeconomic status, low education level, ethnicity, unemployment of the victim, and the perpetrators' alcohol and drug use. The psychosocial consequences of acid attacks include isolation and social exclusion.
TRAUMA VIOLENCE & ABUSE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Stefano Ferracuti, Antonio Del Casale, Andrea Romano, Ida Gualtieri, Martina Lucignani, Antonio Napolitano, Martina Nicole Modesti, Andrea Buscajoni, Teodolinda Zoppi, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Lorenza Manelfi, Eleonora de Pisa, Paolo Girardi, Gabriele Mandarelli, Giovanna Parmigiani, Maria Camilla Rossi-Espagnet, Maurizio Pompili, Alessandro Bozzao
Summary: The severity of symptoms in schizophrenia is associated with abnormal cortical gyrification, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes. Patients with low hostility symptoms showed lower local gyrification index in these areas compared to patients with high hostility symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lavinia De Chiara, Gloria Angeletti, Gaia Anibaldi, Chiara Chetoni, Flavia Gualtieri, Francesca Forcina, Paride Bargagna, Georgios Demetrios Kotzalidis, Tommaso Callovini, Marco Bonito, Alexia Emilia Koukopoulos, Alessio Simonetti
Summary: This study aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of pregnant women. The results showed that compared to a non-COVID sample, the COVID sample exhibited higher levels of mild depression and hypomania. However, there were no significant differences in terms of major depression and suicidal ideation.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabriele Sani, Stella Margoni, Andrea Brugnami, Ottavia Marianna Ferrara, Evelina Bernardi, Alessio Simonetti, Laura Monti, Marianna Mazza, Delfina Janiri, Lorenzo Moccia, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo, Luigi Janiri
Summary: There is growing interest in the involvement of antioxidative systems, particularly Nrf2, in protecting against depression. Through a PubMed search, 89 eligible articles out of 208 results were identified. These studies suggest that Nrf2 is lower in depression and that antidepressant methods can increase its levels.
Article
Neurosciences
Alessio Simonetti, Evelina Bernardi, Stella Margoni, Antonello Catinari, Antonio Restaino, Valentina Ieritano, Marta Palazzetti, Federico Mastrantonio, Delfina Janiri, Matteo Tosato, Francesco Landi, Gabriele Sani
Summary: This study aimed to compare the burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome in depressed and non-depressed patients and investigate the correlation between the burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome and the severity of mixed depression. The findings showed that patients with depression had higher burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome and the severity of mixed depression was associated with the frequency of syndrome symptoms. These findings can help clinicians choose appropriate treatment options.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Ambra Craba, Giuseppe Marano, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Carla Avallone, Francesco Maria Lisci, Maria Luigia Crosta, Antonino Callea, Laura Monti, Domenico De Berardis, Carlo Lai, Marta Balocchi, Ilenia Sessa, Desiree Harnic, Gabriele Sani, Marianna Mazza
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between attachment and resilience in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). The results showed that patients had lower resilience than healthy controls, and a lower proportion of secure attachment was found among patients. These findings suggest that early life experiences and attachment play a crucial role in the development of resilience in individuals with mood disorders.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Maria Camilla Cipriani, Cristina Pais, Vezio Savoia, Cinzia Falsiroli, Andrea Bellieni, Antonella Cingolani, Massimo Fantoni, Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo, Gabriele Sani, Francesco Landi, Giovanni Landi, Rosa Liperoti
Summary: Increased rates of anxiety and depression have been reported for older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to investigate the association between age and psychiatric symptoms in 130 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The findings showed that older age was independently associated with a higher risk of psychiatric symptoms and delirium, but not depressive symptoms or anxiety. Preventive and therapeutic interventions should be implemented to reduce the risk of psychiatric morbidity among older hospital inpatients with COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Maria Pepe, Giovanni Bartolucci, Ilaria Marcelli, Francesco Pesaresi, Andrea Brugnami, Romina Caso, Alessia Fischetti, Flavia Grisoni, Marianna Mazza, Giovanni Camardese, Marco Di Nicola, Gabriele Sani
Summary: The effectiveness of esketamine nasal spray in treating treatment-resistant depression has been confirmed by real-world studies. Patients' perceptions of the treatment aligned with clinicians' assessments, although some differences were observed in specific symptoms.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Antonio Del Casale, Maurizio Simmaco, Martina Nicole Modesti, Clarissa Zocchi, Jan Francesco Arena, Irene Bilotta, Alessandro Alcibiade, Giuseppe Sarli, Lorenzo Cutillo, Giulia Antonelli, Enrico La Spina, Ottavia De Luca, Robert Preissner, Marina Borro, Giovanna Gentile, Paolo Girardi, Maurizio Pompili
Summary: This study investigates the correlation between DRD2, DRD3, and HTR2A genes and resistance to antipsychotic medication, and finds that a diagnosis of schizophrenia and specific genotypes are significantly associated with high treatment resistance.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Alessio Simonetti, Cristina Pais, Vezio Savoia, Maria Camilla Cipriani, Matteo Tosato, Delfina Janiri, Evelina Bernardi, Ottavia Marianna Ferrara, Stella Margoni, Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Daniela Chieffo, Massimo Fantoni, Rosa Liperoti, Francesco Landi, Roberto Bernabei, Gabriele Sani
Summary: DEL and DEP may impair the course and severity of acute respiratory illness in inpatients with COVID-19. Delirium has a more severe impact on COVID-19 compared to depression.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Georgios D. Kotzalidis, Ottavia Marianna Ferrara, Stella Margoni, Valentina Ieritano, Antonio Restaino, Evelina Bernardi, Alessia Fischetti, Antonello Catinari, Laura Monti, Daniela Pia Rosaria Chieffo, Alessio Simonetti, Gabriele Sani
Summary: COVID-19 affects brain function, leading to brain fog in patients and cognitive impairment after recovery. The study suggests that the persistent changes in brain structure caused by COVID-19 may overlap with those associated with PTSD. Further investigation is necessary to understand the effects of long COVID on brain structure and function.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Antonio Del Casale, Jessica Pileri, Giorgio Veneziani, Antonio Napolitano, Martina Nicole Modesti, Barbara Adriani, Benedetta Barchielli, Giovanna Parmigiani, Francesco Grassi, Christian Napoli, Stefano Ferracuti, Carlo Lai
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between calls to the National Anti-violence Number (NAN) and socio-sanitary pandemic factors in 2021, with the goal of addressing gender-based violence against women in the aftermath of COVID-19 or other potential crisis situations. The results showed that the number of calls correlated with various pandemic factors, and significant changes in the number of calls occurred throughout the year.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Francesca Galle, Stefania Oliva, Edoardo Covelli, Antonio Del Casale, Giovanna Da Molin, Giorgio Liguori, Giovanni Battista Orsi, Christian Napoli
Summary: New technologies have become increasingly important in healthcare, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telemedicine services can provide better access and quality of care, particularly for elderly and chronically ill patients, while also reducing the risk of contagion. However, there are challenges to the widespread use of telemedicine, including lack of knowledge, awareness, privacy concerns, and computer literacy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Claudio Babiloni, Claudio Del Percio, Claudia Piervincenzi, Filippo Carducci, Raffaele Ferri, Paolo Onorati, Ginevra Toma, Stefano Ferracuti, Paolo Roma, Valentina Correr, Francesco Di Campli, Antonio Aceti, Marco Salvatore, Andrea Soricelli, Elisabetta Teti, Alfredo Pennica, Loredana Sarmati, Vincenzo Vullo, Gabriella D'Ettorre, Claudio Mastroianni, Nikolaos Petsas, Patrizia Pantano, Roberto Floris, Fabrizio Stocchi, Massimo Andreoni, Giovanni Di Perri, Andrea Calcagno, Giuseppe Noce
Summary: The abnormal connectivity of parietal resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) alpha waves is associated with subcortical white matter vascular lesions in HIV-positive individuals, even without neurocognitive disorders. These rsEEG markers can be used to screen HIV-positive individuals at risk of neurocognitive disorders.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Antonio Del Casale, Giuseppe Sarli, Paride Bargagna, Lorenzo Polidori, Alessandro Alcibiade, Teodolinda Zoppi, Marina Borro, Giovanna Gentile, Clarissa Zocchi, Stefano Ferracuti, Robert Preissner, Maurizio Simmaco, Maurizio Pompili
Summary: This systematic review summarizes the latest advancements of machine learning (ML) applied to pharmacogenomics in psychiatry. The results show that ML techniques have great potential in personalized therapy and drug response prediction, especially when genetic and biodemographic information are integrated with clinical profiles.
CURRENT NEUROPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
