Review
Plant Sciences
Paul H. Goodwin, Madison A. Best
Summary: Ginsenosides have been widely studied for their medicinal benefits and their role in ginseng plant biology. They play a crucial role in ginseng's defense against biotic stresses, providing antimicrobial, antifeedant, and allelopathic activities. Ginsenosides also have roles in ginseng development and abiotic stress tolerance.
Article
Biology
Vikki L. Rodgers, Sara E. Scanga, Mary Beth Kolozsvary, Danielle E. Garneau, Jason S. Kilgore, Laurel J. Anderson, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Anna G. Aguilera, Rebecca A. Urban, Kevyn J. Juneau
Summary: The invasive plant garlic mustard has spread throughout North America, but its persistence and impacts vary across sites and time. A lack of multisite and longitudinal studies hampers our understanding and prediction of its future dynamics. New conceptual models emphasize the importance of synergies and feedbacks among mechanisms across spatial and temporal scales.
Article
Ecology
Bernd Blossey, Victoria Nuzzo, Andrea Davalos, Mark Mayer, Richard Dunbar, Douglas A. Landis, Jeffrey A. Evans, Bill Minter
Summary: Research suggests that invasive species once considered problematic may decline over time due to natural enemies, diseases, or evolutionary adaptations. In eastern North America, garlic mustard populations are showing declines, with negative soil feedback potentially contributing to the loss of ecological dominance in this region.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Mercedes Harris, Elsa Cousins, Kristina Stinson
Summary: This study found that sinigrin concentration in garlic mustard is primarily determined by plant size rather than intraspecific density, soil fertility, or light conditions.
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Prasad Kesanakurti, Subramanyam Ragupathy, Adam C. Faller, Dhivya Shanmughanandhan, Francesco Buongiorno, Isabella Della Noce, Zhengfei Lu, Yanjun Zhang, Steven G. Newmaster
Summary: Authentication of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius herbal dietary supplements is crucial in mitigating adulteration and substitution issues in the international ginseng supply chain. Species-specific hydrolysis probe qPCR assays have been developed and validated, demonstrating high specificity and reliability for the identification of target species in raw materials.
Article
Ecology
Joseph D. D. Edwards, Allison M. M. Cook, Anthony C. C. Yannarell, Wendy H. H. Yang
Summary: The invasive plant garlic mustard can directly influence soil nitrogen cycling by increasing soil pH, modifying soil microbial community composition, and altering nutrient availability through litter inputs.
FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mengying Shuai, Yang Yang, Fuqing Bai, Lijun Cao, Ruyan Hou, Chuanyi Peng, Huimei Cai
Summary: This study used metabolomic methods to analyze the chemical composition of American ginseng samples from different regions. By combining linear discriminant analysis and random forest modeling, the study successfully distinguished the origin of American ginseng and discriminated between samples with and without protected designation of origin.
JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Nikolay Alabi, Yihan Wu, Oliver Bossdorf, Loren H. Rieseberg, Robert Colautti
Summary: The study reports on the de novo assembly and annotation of a genome for the biennial herb Alliaria petiolata, which is widespread in Eurasia and invasive in temperate North America. The highly continuous draft genome, with 99.7% of the genome mapping to scaffolds of at least 50 Kb in length, will enable molecular and functional genomic studies of A. petiolata. The study aimed to complement resources available from ecological studies, field survey, and genetic lines to address questions relevant to invasion genetics and conservation strategies.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Nikolay Alabi, Yihan Wu, Oliver Bossdorf, Loren H. Rieseberg, Robert Colautti
Summary: The study reports on the de novo assembly and annotation of a genome for the biennial herb Alliaria petiolata, which is widespread in Eurasia and invasive across much of temperate North America. The high continuity and gene space quality of the draft assembly will enable molecular and functional genomic studies of A. petiolata to address questions relevant to invasion genetics and conservation strategies.
G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Rong Dong, Yougang Zhang, Shanjun Chen, Huan Wang, Kaiqing Hu, Huanxin Zhao, Qingping Tian, Kewu Zeng, Songsong Wang, Liwen Han
Summary: This study rapidly identified the pharmacodynamic markers (P-markers) against heart failure in American ginseng (AG) using the zebrafish model and metabolomics technology. These P-markers may provide new reference standards for quality control and new drug development of AG.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
L. M. S. Hancock, K. A. Stinson
Summary: Long-term population dynamics play a crucial role in the ability of species to expand their ranges and persist in novel environments, but its relation to invasion success is largely understudied. The invasive herb Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) is able to successfully invade intact forest understories, despite being largely restricted to disturbed semi-shaded microhabitats in its home range. To investigate the factors promoting A. petiolata's incursion into the forest understory, researchers conducted two multi-season field surveys and found that edge populations had the highest performance and reproductive capacity, sustaining the lower-density forest populations through source-sink dynamics.
BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS
(2023)
Article
Horticulture
Behrang Behdarvandi, Tom Hsiang, Moez Valliani, Paul H. Goodwin
Summary: A comparison was made between the virulence, saprophytic growth, and genomes of 12 isolates of Ilyonectria mors-panacis and 4 isolates of I. robusta from Canada pathogenic to Panax quinquefolius. The results showed no significant differences in lesion size or virulence between the two Ilyonectria species, but there were differences in growth rate and genome size.
Article
Microbiology
Matthew A. Tancos, Zoe E. Dubrow, Sara C. D. Carpenter, Adam J. Bogdanove
Summary: Xanthomonas campestris strain FDWSRU 18048, which is closely related to X. campestris pv. incanae strain CFBP2527, has been reported to infect nonnative, invasive garlic mustard populations in the eastern United States.
MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xilan Tang, Xiaohong Tracey Gan, Chian Ju Jong, Venkatesh Rajapurohitam, Morris Karmazyn
Summary: This study found that North American ginseng can alleviate the effects of angiotensin II on cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction, potentially through modulation of fatty acid and glucose oxidation.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Na Peng, Yanmeng Bi, Xiaolin Jiao, Ximei Zhang, Junfei Li, Yi Wang, Shanshan Yang, Ziqi Liu, Weiwei Gao
Summary: The replant problem is a challenge for American ginseng cultivation, but soil fumigation with dazomet and fungicide treatment with lime sulfur can effectively improve ginseng survival. Dazomet fumigation not only significantly enhances ginseng growth, but also reduces root rot disease incidence. Additionally, the second year is a critical period for shaping the soil microbial community.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2023)
