Micropropagation and production of arbutin in oriental strawberry tree (Arbutus andrachne L.)

A protocol for micropropagation of Arbutus andrachne from seeds was developed. Results indicated that none of the seeds cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, with or without plant growth regulators (PGRs), germinated. Seeds soaked in 250 mg l(-1) gibberellic acid (GA(3)) at 4A degrees C for 3 days, then cultured on water-agar medium containing 2.0 mg l(-1) GA(3) exhibited 80-100% germination and developed into usable seedlings. Shoot proliferation was tested on MS or B5 medium containing different concentrations of cytokinin. No shoot proliferation was observed on PGR-free medium. Proliferation was more successful on MS than on B5 medium. On both media, the most successful proliferation was obtained using zeatin as a cytokinin type. Rooting was tested on MS medium containing different concentrations of auxin. Rooting failed on PGR-free medium and on medium containing indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), 0.25 or 0.5 mg l(-1) indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), or 0.25, 0.5 or 2.0 mg l(-1) alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Rooting (40%) was most successful with 1.0 mg l(-1) NAA. Rooted plantlets exhibited 80% survival in all mixtures of peatmoss and perlite, and acclimatized plants were successfully grown in the greenhouse. Quantitative analysis of arbutin performed on in vivo and in vitro leaves using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) revealed that in vivo leaves contained higher arbutin content (0.3-0.81% w/w) than in vitro leaves (0.09% w/w). The highest yield of arbutin in vivo was detected in leaves collected in August, and the lowest yield in leaves collected in December.