Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
J. Li, J. Liu, W. Huo, J. Yu, X. Liu, M. J. Haslinger, M. Muehlberger, P. Kulha, X. Huang
Summary: Biodegradable electronics with the ability to disintegrate and dissolve in liquids have promising applications in healthcare and consumer electronics. Printing technology has the potential to produce complex electronic components with improved yield and throughput. However, achieving a fully printed biodegradable system with complex electronic components is still a challenge. This article summarizes the state-of-the-art techniques in printing biodegradable electronic devices and provides insights into the development of biodegradable inks and pastes suitable for printing. It also discusses the challenges and future trends in printing biodegradable electronics.
MATERIALS TODAY NANO
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ju Young Lee, Jongwoon Shin, Kyubeen Kim, Jeong Eun Ju, Ankan Dutta, Tae Soo Kim, Young Uk Cho, Taemin Kim, Luhing Hu, Won Kyung Min, Hyun-Suh Jung, Young Sun Park, Sang Min Won, Woon-Hong Yeo, Jooho Moon, Dahl-Young Khang, Hyun Jae Kim, Jong-Hyun Ahn, Huanyu Cheng, Ki Jun Yu, John A. Rogers
Summary: Ultrathin crystalline silicon is widely used in high-performance, flexible, and stretchable electronics due to its excellent properties, but its fabrication process is expensive and complicated. In this study, a simple transfer method is proposed to print ultrathin crystalline silicon sheets with various thicknesses from a single mother wafer, achieving high areal density. The electronic applications of these silicon membranes, such as flexible solar cells and transistor arrays, are successfully demonstrated.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Yoo-Kyum Shin, Yujin Shin, Jung Woo Lee, Min-Ho Seo
Summary: This article summarizes recent advances in micro/nano-structured biodegradable pressure sensor devices, focusing on significant improvements in device-level performance and functionality achieved by adjusting geometrical design parameters at the micro- and nano-meter scale.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Finlay Walton, Maria Cerezo-Sanchez, Eve McGlynn, Rupam Das, Hadi Heidari
Summary: Flexible polymer-based probes offer better biocompatibility and mechanical properties than rigid materials, but there are still challenges in applying electronic fabrication techniques to flexible polymer substrates.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Social Issues
Stefan Hajkowicz, Conrad Sanderson, Sarvnaz Karimi, Alexandra Bratanova, Claire Naughtin
Summary: This study examines the worldwide adoption of AI technology across 333 fields of research from 1960 to 2021. Using bibliometric analysis of 137 million peer-reviewed publications, the study finds a significant increase in AI adoption across various fields in recent years. The study suggests that interdisciplinary AI application is likely to be sustained.
TECHNOLOGY IN SOCIETY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Kirsty Muldoon, Yanhua Song, Zeeshan Ahmad, Xing Chen, Ming-Wei Chang
Summary: Three dimensional printing, also known as additive manufacturing, is a rapidly growing process that has applications in various sectors such as electronics, biomedical, pharmaceutical, and tissue engineering. Micro and nano scale printing allows for precise control over design, material, and chemical properties, resulting in high surface area to volume ratios and altered mechanical and physical properties of the products. This review discusses the applications of micro/nano printing technologies such as lithography, inkjet, and electrohydrodynamic printing in the biomedical and electronic fields. The limitations of current micro/nano printing methods, particularly in achieving controlled structures at the required tiny micro and nano scales, are also examined.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Jianxiong Zhu, Haiying Wen, Yingjie Fan, Xiuli Yang, Hui Zhang, Wenyu Wu, Yijun Zhou, Haibing Hu
Summary: Gas and environmental parameters monitoring is a hot research topic in the field of the Internet of Things and smart systems. This review paper discusses the development trends of next-generation gas sensors, including micro/nanostructures, multi-functional purpose, assisted self-powered/zero power, and machine learning-enhanced methodology. Various manufacturing technologies and mechanisms are introduced to improve the sensitivity and multi-functional applications of gas sensors. The paper also highlights the importance of smart gas detection for medical and healthcare applications.
MICROCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Mu-lan Li, Liang Zhang, Nan Jiang, Lei Zhang, Su-juan Zhong
Summary: Researchers utilize nanoparticles to enhance the performance of solder joints, resulting in refined matrix, improved wetting ability, and strengthened mechanical performance of the solder. The size and content of particles influence the structure and properties of the solder, while nanoparticles impact melting temperature, wetting ability, creep behaviors, electromigration properties, etc.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Kai Chen, Shiyu Wang, Yungeng Qi, Hong Guo, Yanzhu Guo, Haiming Li
Summary: This article systematically outlined the preparation methods, properties, and application research progress of lignin micro/nano particles (LMNPs), and conducted an analysis of economic assessment and life cycle assessment. The future development direction provided references for the development of deep processing of forest resources and bio-based nanomaterials.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wenbing Li, Junhao Liu, Lei Chen, Wanting Wei, Kun Qian, Yanju Liu, Jinsong Leng
Summary: This review introduces the micro/nano patterns in shape memory polymers and their preparation methods, explores their potential applications in different fields, and proposes future development directions and limitations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zishuai Jiang, Xin Wang, Hao Zhao, Zhaolin Yang, Jiazuo Zhou, Xiaohan Sun, Haiyue Yang, Chengyu Wang, Siqi Huan
Summary: Globally, micro-and nano-plastics (MNPs) have become a serious environmental threat due to their multitude sources, widespread distribution, persistence, and adverse effects. This study reports a simple and green strategy using cellulose membranes to simultaneously separate MNPs and heavy metal ions. The cellulose membranes showed high purification efficiency for MNPs (>98%) and high adsorption efficiency for heavy metal ions (97%). Additionally, the membranes exhibited high tolerance to different water conditions and sizes of MNPs.
SEPARATION AND PURIFICATION TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Manufacturing
Shiqi Hu, Xiao Huan, Yu Liu, Sixi Cao, Zhuoran Wang, Ji Tae Kim
Summary: The increasing demand for highly integrated and customized modern optoelectronics has raised the requirements for nanofabrication methods with high resolution, freeform, and mask-free. Meniscus-on-demand 3D printing is a high-resolution additive manufacturing technique that utilizes the ink meniscus formed on a printer nozzle, making it suitable for fabricating micro/nanoscale 3D architectures. It offers a resolution of up to 100 nm for solution-processed 3D patterning, providing a great platform for scientific studies and practical applications. This review presents recent advancements in meniscus-on-demand 3D printing, discussing its historical perspective, theoretical background, printable materials, and potential applications in electronics and photonics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXTREME MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Review
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Suman Nandy, Sumita Goswami, Ana Marques, Diana Gaspar, Paul Grey, Ines Cunha, Daniela Nunes, Ana Pimentel, Rui Igreja, Pedro Barquinha, Luis Pereira, Elvira Fortunato, Rodrigo Martins
Summary: The world in the 21st century is confronted with multifaceted challenges including the rapidly growing waste stream of electronic waste, which requires optimizing resource management models to improve manufacturing processes and lifecycles, as well as building a circular economy.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Vitezslav Benda, Ladislava Cerna
Summary: The key components of a PV system are PV modules, and their price, efficiency, and service life affect the system's cost and feasibility. Increasing module efficiency and extending service life can reduce costs, and currently, wafer-based crystalline silicon technologies best meet these criteria.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Review
Optics
Yongjing Deng, Mengzhu Wang, Yanling Zhuang, Shujuan Liu, Wei Huang, Qiang Zhao
Summary: This article summarizes the recent progress of CPL from organic micro-/nano-structures, outlining the design principles and external stimuli that can regulate CPL performance. It introduces several typical organic micro-/nano-structures with CPL activity and summarizes their applications in organic light-emitting diodes, optical information processing, and chemical and biological sensing.
LIGHT-SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Coatings & Films
Ali Mahmoodinezhad, Carlos Morales, Franziska Naumann, Paul Plate, Robert Meyer, Christoph Janowitz, Karsten Henkel, Malgorzata Kot, Marvin Hartwig Zoellner, Christian Wenger, Jan Ingo Flege
Summary: Indium oxide (InxOy) thin films were successfully deposited at low temperatures using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD), showing high electrical conductivity and optical properties. The films are promising for high-quality thin-film deposition on thermally fragile substrates.
JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A
(2021)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sandra Stanke, Christian Wenger, Frank F. Bier, Ralph Hoelzel
Summary: This paper presents a simple and fast method using alternating current electrokinetic forces to immobilize sub-micrometer objects onto nanoelectrode arrays. The influenza virus is chosen as a model organism due to its medical relevance. One of the outstanding features is the ability to permanently immobilize viral material to the electrodes, eliminating the need for prior chemical surface modification. The accumulation of viral material over time is observed using fluorescence microscopy, and the influences of side effects like electrothermal fluid flow are discussed. By combining fluorescence microscopy with deconvolution, it is shown that the viral material is mainly attracted to the electrode edge.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Mamathamba Kalishettyhalli Mahadevaiah, Eduardo Perez, Marco Lisker, Markus Andreas Schubert, Emilio Perez-Bosch Quesada, Christian Wenger, Andreas Mai
Summary: In this study, the resistive switching properties of HfO2 based 1T-1R memristive devices were modified by adding ultra-thin layers of Al2O3. Three different types of memristive stacks were fabricated and the switching properties were discussed in terms of forming voltages, low resistance state, high resistance state, and their variabilities. The experimental I-V characteristics of set and reset operations were evaluated using the quantum point contact model, and the properties of the conduction filament in the on and off states were discussed based on the model parameters obtained from the QPC fit.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Mario Birkholz, Danai Eleni Malti, Stephan Hartmann, Peter Neubauer
Summary: This study demonstrates an electrical approach for separating lipid-producing microalgae using dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic flow cell. The method is not only suitable for process analysis, but also for strain selection of the most productive cell lines.
FRONTIERS IN BIOENGINEERING AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Mareike Pruefer, Christian Wenger, Frank F. Bier, Eva-Maria Laux, Ralph Hoelzel
Summary: Dielectrophoresis (DEP) is an AC electrokinetic effect used to manipulate cells and immobilize smaller particles. In this study, the activity of the enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was quantified after immobilization using DEP. The high residual activity of the immobilized enzyme demonstrates the suitability of this method for biosensing and research applications.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Carsten Strobel, Carlos A. Chavarin, Karola Richter, Martin Knaut, Johanna Reif, Sandra Voelkel, Andreas Jahn, Matthias Albert, Christian Wenger, Robert Kirchner, Johann W. Bartha, Thomas Mikolajick
Summary: A graphene-based three-terminal barristor device was proposed to overcome the low on/off ratios and insufficient current saturation of conventional graphene field-effect transistors. This device, called graphene adjustable-barriers transistor (GABT), utilizes a semiconductor-based gate to modulate the device currents and demonstrates high current gain. The functionality of a silicon-graphene-germanium GABT with ultra-high current gain was successfully demonstrated.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Maria E. P. Emmerich, Anne-Sophie Sinnigen, Peter Neubauer, Mario Birkholz
Summary: Microfluidic dielectrophoretic (DEP) devices enable label-free separation and isolation of cells for clinical diagnostics and medical research. This review compares different microfluidic DEP devices and details their design and operation parameters. The technique holds promise for quick results in clinical and ambulant settings.
BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Andrea Baroni, Artem Glukhov, Eduardo Perez, Christian Wenger, Daniele Ielmini, Piero Olivo, Cristian Zambelli
Summary: This paper analyzes the benefits of a new programming algorithm in RRAM arrays, which achieves better conductance control and lower variability through Set and Reset operations. The superior performance stability of this algorithm is demonstrated through data retention analysis and artificial neural network simulation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Max Franck, Jaroslaw Dabrowski, Markus Andreas Schubert, Christian Wenger, Mindaugas Lukosius
Summary: In this study, the growth of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) on epitaxial Ge(001)/Si substrates using high-vacuum chemical vapor deposition from borazine was systematically investigated for the first time. The research findings suggest that the process pressure and growth temperature have certain influences on the morphology, growth rate, and crystalline quality of hBN films.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Anders Henriksson, Peter Neubauer, Mario Birkholz
Summary: The performance of receptor-based biosensors is often restricted by diffusion or nonspecific bindings. Alternating current (AC) electrokinetics, which can improve mass transfer, is a growing research field. Various techniques have shown improved sensitivity and assay times by utilizing AC electrokinetics. Combining biosensors with dielectrophoresis (DEP), the AC kinetic approach with the highest selectivity, could be beneficial for specific applications if nonspecific bindings are minimized.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Eduardo Perez, David Maldonado, Emilio Perez-Bosch Quesada, Mamathamba K. K. Mahadevaiah, Francisco Jimenez-Molinos, Christian Wenger, Juan B. B. Roldan
Summary: This article investigates four different parameter extraction methods and uses heat maps to statistically analyze experimental data in order to obtain the forming, reset, and set switching voltages in memristive devices. Heat maps provide an overview of the entire data and allow easy detection of inhomogeneities in the fabrication process.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Emilio Perez-Bosch Quesada, Mamathamba Kalishettyhalli Mahadevaiah, Tommaso Rizzi, Jianan Wen, Markus Ulbricht, Milos Krstic, Christian Wenger, Eduardo Perez
Summary: This work focuses on studying the accuracy degradation of consecutive vector-matrix multiplication (VMM) operations and the importance of robustness in hardware systems.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Carsten Strobel, Carlos A. Chavarin, Sandra Voelkel, Andreas Jahn, Andre Hiess, Martin Knaut, Matthias Albert, Christian Wenger, Olaff Steinke, Ulf Stephan, Soeren Roehlecke, Thomas Mikolajick
Summary: The arrival of high-mobility two-dimensional materials like graphene has brought back the vertical semiconductor-metal-semiconductor (SMS) hot electron transistors. With the monolayer thickness of graphene, improved SMS transistors with a semimetallic graphene-base electrode are now possible for high-frequency applications. In this study, a device composed of amorphous silicon, graphene, and crystalline silicon is reported. The device is fabricated by a four-mask lithography process for the first time, leading to significant improvements in device performance. A strongly increased common-emitter current gain of 2% has been achieved, while the on-off ratio improved to 1.6 x 105, surpassing theoretical predictions. Better interface characteristics and decreased lateral dimensions of the devices were the main contributing factors. Based on DC measurements, a cutoff frequency of approximately 26 MHz is expected.
ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Fatima Akhtar, Jaroslaw Dabrowski, Rasuole Lukose, Christian Wenger, Mindaugas Lukosius
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of uniform growth in the fabrication of graphene devices by reporting on the growth of large-scale, high-quality monolayer graphene on semiconducting 8-inch Ge(110)/Si wafers using chemical vapor deposition. The quality of graphene is indicated by small FWHM of the Raman 2D band, low intensity ratio of the Raman D and G bands, and homogeneous SEM images. Hall measurements confirm the high mobility and low sheet resistance of the graphene. The difference in growth mechanisms between Ge(001) and Ge(110) is attributed to their unique surface geometries and complex reconstructions.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Tommaso Rizzi, Andrea Baroni, Artem Glukhov, Davide Bertozzi, Christian Wenger, Daniele Ielmini, Cristian Zambelli
Summary: Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) technology has the potential to improve FPGA performance, reduce footprint, and lower energy requirements compared to CMOS-based products. However, high programming power consumption and non-ideal behaviors of the RRAM device hinder its integration in FPGAs. This work explores the impact of different programming procedures on run-time performance and highlights the importance of target resistive state selection and programming algorithm in reducing delay and energy metrics and improving robustness against variations.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY
(2023)
