Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Antonio Bianchi, Sabrina Chiloiro, Antonella Giampietro, Simona Gaudino, Rosalinda Calandrelli, Ciro Mazzarella, Carmelo Caldarella, Mario Rigante, Marco Gessi, Liverana Lauretti, Laura De Marinis, Alessandro Olivi, Alfredo Pontecorvi, Francesco Doglietto
Summary: Growth hormone-secreting adenomas exhibit a wide range of behaviors and outcomes, from mild disease to aggressive neoplasms. Treatment for patients who do not respond to surgery or first-generation somatostatin receptor ligands may involve multiple surgical, medical, and radiation treatments. Currently, there are no markers that can predict the prognosis or aggressiveness of acromegaly. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to tailor treatment for difficult/aggressive cases, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and emerging treatments.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Julia Rymuza, Paulina Kober, Natalia Rusetska, Beata J. J. Mossakowska, Maria Maksymowicz, Aleksandra Nyc, Szymon Baluszek, Grzegorz Zielinski, Jacek Kunicki, Mateusz Bujko
Summary: This study identified three transcriptomic groups of somatotroph PitNETs with different gene expression profiles and clinical implications. These subgroups show variations in growth hormone secretion, prognostic gene expression, and potential therapeutic targets.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sylvia L. Asa, Shereen Ezzat
Summary: Excess growth hormone causes gigantism and acromegaly, which are characterized by accelerated growth and overgrowth of soft tissue and bone. Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) that produce GH are primarily derived from PIT1-lineage cells, with various pathologic features. These tumors may vary in hormone production and lineage differentiation, resulting in GH excess.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tae Nakano-Tateno, Kheng Joe Lau, Justin Wang, Cailin McMahon, Yasuhiko Kawakami, Toru Tateno, Takako Araki
Summary: Up to 35% of aggressive pituitary tumors recur and current treatment options often fail to inhibit tumor growth. Chemotherapeutic drugs and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy are being increasingly researched for their potential anti-tumor effects on aggressive pituitary tumors.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Gerald Raverot, Mirela Diana Ilie
Summary: There is currently no evidence-based treatment for aggressive pituitary tumors and pituitary carcinomas after temozolomide failure, and the survival rate for these patients is very low. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors have shown some potential, but further research is needed to determine their efficacy and predictive factors.
BEST PRACTICE & RESEARCH CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pia Burman, Olivera Casar-Borota, Luis Gustavo Perez-Rivas, Olaf M. Dekkers
Summary: Aggressive pituitary tumors (APTs) and pituitary carcinomas (PCs) are heterogeneous in terms of clinical presentation and response to therapy. Mutation detection of TP53 and ATRX can help identify aggressive forms early. Treatment involves surgery, radiotherapy, and drugs, with temozolomide being the recommended first-line chemotherapy. Checkpoint inhibitors have shown promise as second-line therapy for PCs. Management should be discussed in expert teams considering clinical findings and patient's condition.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Olivera Casar-Borota, Henning Bunsow Boldt, Britt Eden Engstrom, Marianne Skovsager Andersen, Bertrand Baussart, Daniel Bengtsson, Katarina Berinder, Bertil Ekman, Ulla Feldt-Rasmussen, Charlotte Hoybye, Jens Otto L. Jorgensen, Anders Jensen Kolnes, Marta Korbonits, Ase Krogh Rasmussen, John R. Lindsay, Paul Benjamin Loughrey, Dominique Maiter, Emilija Manojlovic-Gacic, Jens Pahnke, Pietro Luigi Poliani, Vera Popovic, Oskar Ragnarsson, Camilla Schalin-Jantti, David Scheie, Miklos Toth, Chiara Villa, Martin Wirenfeldt, Jacek Kunicki, Pia Burman
Summary: ATRX mutations are common in a subset of aggressive pituitary tumors, particularly in corticotroph tumors. Performing ATRX immunohistochemistry can help identify patients at risk of developing aggressive and potentially metastatic pituitary tumors.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Agnieszka Tomasik, Maria Stelmachowska-Banas, Maria Maksymowicz, Izabella Czajka-Oraniec, Dorota Raczkiewicz, Grzegorz Zielinski, Jacek Kunicki, Wojciech Zgliczynski
Summary: Younger age, male sex, lower GH, IGF-1 and PRL concentrations, smaller tumor size at diagnosis, as well as positive alpha-SU staining, lower Ki-67 index, and DG tumors predicted better treatment outcome in acromegaly patients.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Javier Martinez-Useros, Mario Martin-Galan, Maria Florez-Cespedes, Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
Summary: The vast knowledge of epigenetic pathways has led to the development of treatments targeting DNA and histone modifications in highly aggressive tumors, providing new hope for patients. These treatments can influence gene expression and affect various molecular pathways, such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, WNT/β-catenin, PI3K-mTOR, MAPK, and mismatch repair machinery.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daniela Esposito, Oskar Ragnarsson, Gudmundur Johannsson, Daniel S. Olsson
Summary: The risk of malignancies is slightly increased in acromegaly patients, especially for colorectal and anal cancer, and renal and ureteral cancer. Meanwhile, the incidence of benign tumors has more than doubled in this population.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Alessandra Maleddu, Jessica Zhu, Michael Roy Clay, Breelyn Ann Wilky
Summary: Locally aggressive mesenchymal tumors are a diverse group of tumors that affect soft tissue and bone. While they have limited ability to spread and a good prognosis, these tumors can still cause symptoms and require extensive treatments such as surgery and chemotherapy. The management of these tumors has evolved over time, with a focus on minimizing aggressive treatments and considering individual patient factors. This review aims to discuss three representative locally aggressive mesenchymal tumors and their biology, clinical management, and future treatment options.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Miguel Esperanca-Martins, Cecilia Melo-Alvim, Sara Damaso, Raquel Lopes-Bras, Tania Peniche, Goncalo Nogueira-Costa, Catarina Abreu, Helena Luna Pais, Rita Teixeira de Sousa, Sofia Torres, Lina Marcela Gallego-Paez, Marta Martins, Leonor Ribeiro, Luis Costa
Summary: Breast sarcomas, phyllodes tumors, and desmoid tumors are rare and poorly characterized entities. This article aims to provide new data for researchers and a decision-making tool for clinicians when treating patients with these tumors.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Seda Hanife Oguz, Busra Firlatan, Suleyman Nahit Sendur, Selcuk Dagdelen, Tomris Erbas
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of patients with two primary tumors among acromegalic cancer patients and to evaluate if patients with two primaries have distinct clinical characteristics or risk factors compared to those with one. The study revealed a 14% prevalence of two primary neoplasms in acromegalic cancer patients, with papillary thyroid carcinoma being the most common tumor.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Meric A. Altinoz, Aysel Ozpinar
Summary: Oxamate is a potential drug for the treatment of refractory cancers and brain tumors. It blocks LDHA activity and induces mitochondrial apoptosis, inhibiting tumor growth. Combination with phenformin enhances anticancer efficacy and reduces side effects.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
J. E. Machado-Alba, M. E. Machado-Duque, A. Gaviria-Mendoza, I. N. Arsof-Saab, C. A. Castellanos-Moreno, L. Botero, L. Triana
Summary: This study investigated the prescription patterns of somatostatin analogs in patients with acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors in the Colombian Health System. The results showed that most patients were treated with Lanreotide Autogel for acromegaly and Octreotide LAR for neuroendocrine tumors, with a high proportion receiving maximum doses of the medication.
JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
(2023)