Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
S. Strings, C. Wells, C. Bell, A. J. Tomiyama
Summary: This study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the largest three racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1999 to 2018, the study found that BMI was associated with higher odds of prediabetes/T2DM for Latine and White individuals, but the association was weaker for Black individuals.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Austin J. Graybeal, Grant M. Tinsley, Caleb F. Brandner, Ryan Aultman
Summary: Raw bioelectrical impedance measurements are often used as a prognosticator of health status. This study aimed to evaluate racial differences in bioelectrical impedance measurements between non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black adults. The results showed no significant differences in anthropometric variables or bioelectrical impedance assessments between the two racial groups.
NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ryan Saelee, Regine Haardorfer, Dayna A. Johnson, Julie A. Gazmararian, Shakira F. Suglia
Summary: Racial/ethnic and sex/gender differences in sleep duration trajectories from adolescence to adulthood were examined using data from a longitudinal study. Three common trajectory types were identified, and the need to intervene in early adolescence to prevent short sleep duration in adulthood was emphasized.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Ana Claudia Munhoz, Julian D. C. Serna, Eloisa Aparecida Vilas-Boas, Camille C. Caldeira C. da Silva, Tiago G. Santos, Francielle C. Mosele, Sergio L. Felisbino, Vilma Regina Martins, Alicia J. Kowaltowski
Summary: Obesity decreases life expectancy and increases age-related dysfunctions, including beta-cell dysregulation. Diluted plasma from obese human donors and sera from obese rats impair beta-cell integrity and insulin secretion, while the presence of adiponectin, a protective characteristic found in lean plasma, restores beta-cell function. Low circulating adiponectin is a key damaging element for beta-cells and modulation of the adiponectin signaling pathway could be a potential therapy for preventing age-related beta-cell dysfunction.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Annette M. Langer-Gould, Edlin Grisell Gonzales, Jessica B. Smith, Bonnie H. Li, Lorene M. Nelson
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether the prevalence of multiple sclerosis (MS) varies by race and ethnicity. The results showed that MS prevalence was higher in White and Black individuals, while significantly lower in Hispanic and Asian individuals in Southern California.
Article
Surgery
Christina L. Marcaccio, Priya B. Patel, Livia E. V. M. de Guerre, Jacqueline E. Wade, Vinamr Rastogi, Aderike Anjorin, Peter A. Soden, Kakra Hughes, Salvatore T. Scali, Art Sedrakyan, Marc L. Schermerhorn
Summary: This study identified disparities in 5-year outcomes and imaging surveillance after elective endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) by sex, race, and ethnicity. Black females had the highest rates of aneurysm rupture, reintervention, and mortality, while white females had higher rates of rupture, mortality, and loss-to-imaging follow-up. Asian females had higher rupture rates, and black males had higher rates of reintervention and loss-to-imaging follow-up. These findings suggest that preoperative counseling and clinical outreach should be improved for these populations.
JOURNAL OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Reza Mohebi, Chen Chen, Nasrien E. Ibrahim, Cian P. McCarthy, Hanna K. Gaggin, Daniel E. Singer, Emily P. Hyle, Jason H. Wasfy, James L. Januzzi
Summary: This study aims to project the number of people with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases in the future and uncover disparities based on sex, race, and ethnicity. It is projected that there will be significant increases in the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases by 2060, disproportionately affecting racial and ethnic minorities.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jungwon Min, Hailee Goodale, Hong Xue, Rebecca Brey, Youfa Wang
Summary: The study found that obesity prevalence in the USA has been steadily increasing since 2007, with significant decreases in obesity rates among non-Hispanic black women in the past decade. However, obesity rates have increased among Mexican-American men, boys, and girls, surpassing or equaling non-Hispanic black groups. Differences in biological, behavioral, and sociocultural factors contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in obesity.
ADVANCES IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Elizabeth J. Pantesco, Irene P. Kan
Summary: This study examines the racial and ethnic disparities in sleep duration and explores the role of subjective social status and ideal sleep norms in these disparities. The findings suggest that subjective social status may partially influence the differences in sleep duration, while ideal sleep duration norms only partially mediate the differences in certain racial/ethnic groups.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sabrina A. Assoumou, Alicia Peterson, Ellen Ginman, Thea James, Cassandra M. Pierre, Sebastian Hamilton, Sheila Chapman, John Goldie, Robert Koenig, Elena Mendez-Escobar, Hannah Leaver, Robert Graham, Renee Crichlow, Tarsha Weaver, Sandra Cotterell, Guale Valdez, Denise De Las Nueces, Nancy A. Scott, Benjamin P. Linas, Petrina Martin Cherry
Summary: Academic medical centers are crucial in increasing access to and uptake of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. The Boston Medical Center implemented a vaccination program that focused on community-based sites, mobile vaccination events, and strong partnerships to ensure equitable distribution. Challenges included the need for a robust operational infrastructure and addressing community mistrust.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Education, Scientific Disciplines
Angela Martinez-Strengel, Elizabeth A. Samuels, Jeremiah Cross, Laura D. Cramer, Mayur M. Desai, Ruth Gotian, Cary P. Gross, Darin Latimore, Jose E. Cavazos, Dowin Boatright
Summary: From 2009 to 2018, there was a consistent and sustained increase in the percentage of female and underrepresented minority (URM) matriculants to MD-PhD programs. However, the annual increases in the percentages across groups were small, and the demographics of the MD-PhD workforce still do not reflect the diversity of the U.S. general population.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kosuke Imai, Santiago Olivella, Evan T. R. Rosenman
Summary: Prediction of individuals' race and ethnicity is crucial in studying racial disparity. Bayesian Improved Surname Geocoding (BISG) is a leading methodology for this task, but it faces data problems. We introduce a fully Bayesian BISG (fBISG) method that addresses census measurement error and utilizes additional name data to improve race imputation accuracy.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Madeline E. Wood, Lisa Y. Xiong, Yuen Yan Wong, Rachel F. Buckley, Walter Swardfager, Mario Masellis, Andrew S. P. Lim, Emma Nichols, Renaud La Joie, Kaitlin B. Casaletto, Raj G. Kumar, Kristen Dams-O'Connor, Priya Palta, Kristen M. George, Claudia L. Satizabal, Lisa L. Barnes, Julie A. Schneider, Alexa Pichette Binet, Sylvia Villeneuve, Judy Pa, Adam E. Brickman, Sandra S. Black, Jennifer S. Rabin
Summary: Sex modifies the association between APOE epsilon 2 and cognitive decline, with APOE epsilon 2 protecting against decline in men but not women. Among APOE epsilon 2 carriers, men have slower decline than women. There are no sex-specific effects of APOE epsilon 2 in non-Hispanic Black adults.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Editorial Material
Anesthesiology
Kate Leslie, Yize I. Wan, Cynthia A. Wong
Summary: This article discusses the contributions and evolution of the British Journal of Anaesthesia in the areas of sex, gender, race, and ethnicity, emphasizing the importance of enhancing diversity and equity.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF ANAESTHESIA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Manal Alshakhs, Patricia J. Goedecke, James E. Bailey, Charisse Madlock-Brown
Summary: This study aimed to model the total charges of prevalent multimorbidity combinations in different racial and ethnic populations in the USA. The results showed that African Americans had the highest charges, while Hispanics had the lowest charges. The accuracy of the model varied by race when considering multimorbidity grouping.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Susan J. Ward, Alison M. Hill, Jonathan D. Buckley, Siobhan Banks, Varinderpal S. Dhillon, Stacey L. Holman, Janna L. Morrison, Alison M. Coates
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between diet quality and telomere length in Australian adults after a 12-week dietary intervention with an almond-enriched diet. Results showed that although diet quality improved with the almond-enriched diet, it did not significantly affect telomere length. Future studies should explore the impact of more substantial dietary changes over longer periods of time.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Xiao Tong Teong, Amy T. Hutchison, Bo Liu, Gary A. Wittert, Kylie Lange, Siobhan Banks, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Summary: Intermittent fasting (IF) and calorie restriction (CR) are both effective for weight loss, with IF showing greater reductions in weight and body fat. Both IF and CR resulted in improved cognitive performance, while having no significant impact on eating behaviors, mood, sleep quality, and quality of life.
NUTRITION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Alex Agostini, Stephanie A. Centofanti, Antonietta Colella, Lisa Devine, Caroline Dingle, Helen Galindo, Sophie Pantelios, Gorjana Brkic, Siobhan Banks, Jill Dorrian
Summary: Shiftworkers are more likely to suffer from gastrointestinal disease and Type 2 Diabetes due to their altered dietary intakes. Engaged coping strategies are associated with healthier dietary choices, while disengaged coping strategies are associated with unhealthier dietary choices. Therefore, a greater focus on coping styles during nursing education may improve shiftworkers' health.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Linda Grosser, Sara Knayfati, Crystal Yates, Jillian Dorrian, Siobhan Banks
Summary: The aim of this review was to explore the extent and nature of evidence exploring shiftwork and disruptions to cortisol. Main findings demonstrate that shiftwork, especially night shift, significantly disrupts production of cortisol, the cortisol rhythm and cortisol awakening response (CAR). It was difficult to draw conclusions about the impact of shiftwork on movement of the cortisol rhythm and adaptation or recovery of the cortisol rhythm to and from night shift as the literature lacks consistency in definition of methods and variables. The present state of literature demonstrates cortisol levels, cortisol rhythm and the CAR are all disrupted by shift work, but there is a lack of consistency between studies on use of variables and most of the literature focuses on acute disruption rather than chronic effects. Future studies should investigate possible mechanisms that link shiftwork, disruptions to cortisol and chronic health conditions prevalent in shiftworkers.
SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniel G. Coro, Amanda D. Hutchinson, Kathryn A. Dyer, Siobhan Banks, Bogda Koczwara, Nadia Corsini, Agnes Vitry, Alison M. Coates
Summary: This study explored the relationship between diet and cognition in cancer survivors using online data collection. The results showed that fruit, vegetable, and omega-3 intake were not significant predictors of cognition in this sample, while age, BMI, and length of treatment had some predictive effects on cognitive outcomes. The study demonstrated the feasibility of online data collection methods.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lijun Zhao, Amy T. Hutchison, Bo Liu, Crystal L. Yates, Xiao Tong Teong, Gary A. Wittert, Campbell H. Thompson, Leanne Nguyen, John Au, Emily N. C. Manoogian, Hiep D. Le, April E. Williams, Satchidananda Panda, Siobhan Banks, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Summary: The study found that time-restricted eating had an effect on glucose metabolism and adipose tissue transcriptome, reducing blood sugar and slowing down energy-consuming pathways in fat tissue.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Michelle Rogers, Alison Coates, Catherine E. Huggins, Jillian Dorrian, Angela B. Clark, Corinne Davis, Gloria K. W. Leung, Rochelle Davis, Yan Yin Phoi, Nicole J. Kellow, Marina Iacovou, Crystal L. Yates, Siobhan Banks, Tracey L. Sletten, Maxine P. Bonham
Summary: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of three weight loss strategies on weight loss and insulin resistance in night shift workers. The results of this study will be important for the health management of night shift workers.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Lijun Zhao, Amy T. Hutchison, Bo Liu, Gary A. Wittert, Campbell H. Thompson, Leanne Nguyen, John Au, Andrew Vincent, Emily N. C. Manoogian, Hiep D. Le, April E. Williams, Siobhan Banks, Satchidananda Panda, Leonie K. Heilbronn
Summary: Time-restricted eating (TRE) can restore circadian rhythms in humans by adjusting the expression of plasma metabolites, glucoregulatory hormones, and subcutaneous adipose tissue genes, resulting in positive effects on metabolic health.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Isabella Marando, Raymond W. Matthews, Linda Grosser, Crystal Yates, Siobhan Banks
Summary: Sleep deprivation and time of day have been shown to significantly affect attention and driving performance. This study investigates the combined impact of sleep deprivation, time of day, and workload on driving performance. The results demonstrate that time on task and workload have significant effects on driving performance, and should be considered when developing strategies for long-distance driving.
Review
Sport Sciences
Luana C. Main, Larisa T. McLoughlin, Shawn D. Flanagan, Maria C. Canino, Siobhan Banks
Summary: This study aimed to identify measures that can be used to monitor cognitive function in warfighters. Prolonged exposure to high-stress military environments compromises multiple aspects of cognitive function, highlighting the need for a suite of biomarkers to assess cognitive function. Rating: 8 points
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Michelle Leanne Oppert, Melissa Ngo, Gun A. Lee, Mark Billinghurst, Siobhan Banks, Laura Tolson
Summary: This pilot study investigated how independent-living older adults experience social isolation and loneliness, and whether virtual tour digital technology can improve social connectedness (N = 10). By triangulating interviews, experiences, and feedback, this study contributes to the knowledge base on the well-being of ageing populations and the potential of digital technologies, specifically virtual tourism, to facilitate social connection. The findings suggest that participants were moderately lonely but open to embracing more digital technology, recognizing its role in enhancing social connection and life administration. Participating in virtual tour experiences was well accepted, generating enjoyment, nostalgia, and interest in future use. However, the contribution of virtual tours to increasing social connections requires further investigation.
Review
Sport Sciences
Luana C. Main, Larisa T. McLoughlin, Shawn D. Flanagan, Maria C. Canino, Siobhan Banks
Summary: The objective of this study was to identify measures for monitoring cognitive function in warfighters. A rapid review was conducted, and 29 English articles were analyzed, revealing that prolonged exposure to high-stress military environments compromises multiple aspects of cognitive function. This highlights the need for a suite of biomarkers to monitor cognitive function in military personnel.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Isabella Marando, Kurt Lushington, Mikaela Owen, Raymond W. Matthews, Siobhan Banks
Summary: This scoping review summarizes the literature on submarine watchkeeping schedules and their impact on sleep, circadian misalignment, and cognitive performance. The findings suggest that sleep is preserved regardless of the schedule, longer off-watch periods are associated with better cognitive performance, and the 4 h-on/8 h-off and 8 h-on/16 h-off schedules may be a good compromise between human risk factors and operational demands. Further research comparing watchkeeping schedules and focusing on cognitive performance measures and sleep and circadian countermeasures is needed.
SLEEP MEDICINE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Daniel G. Coro, Amanda D. Hutchinson, Siobhan Banks, Alison M. Coates
Summary: Breast cancer survivors reported long-term changes in dietary habits, with some changes aligning with current recommendations. Reasons for dietary habit changes included treatment-related changes, help and support from others, old treatment habits, preventative health and self-care, and changes to work schedule. Barriers to making intentional dietary changes included too much time and effort, food cravings and enjoyment, and lacking dietary ideas and resources.
WOMENS HEALTH REPORTS
(2022)
Proceedings Paper
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Benjamin Volmer, James Baumeister, Raymond Matthews, Linda Grosser, Stewart Von Ltzstein, Siobhan Banks, Bruce H. Thomas
Summary: This paper investigates predictive cues in spatial augmented reality (SAR) under sleep deprivation. The results indicate that providing SAR predictive cues can improve user performance during sleep deprivation.
2022 IEEE CONFERENCE ON VIRTUAL REALITY AND 3D USER INTERFACES (VR 2022)
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Umit Yilmaz, Kevser Tanbek
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular administration of Spexin on the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis and energy expenditure in rats. The results showed that Spexin reduced food consumption and body weight, increased thyroid hormones, and enhanced energy metabolism.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Kuei-Yu Chien, Yun-Ju Chen, Kuo-Jen Hsu, Chiao-Nan Chen
Summary: This study investigated the effects of a high-protein diet and high-intensity interval training on appetite and weight loss in obese middle-aged individuals. The results showed that consuming a high-protein drink and following a high-protein diet after exercise can reduce post-exercise appetite and the frequency of late-night snacking.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Melissa Alves Braga Oliveira, Ana Carolina Odebrecht Vergne de Abreu, Debora Barroggi Constantino, Andre C. Tonon, Antoni Diez-Noguera, Fernanda Gaspar Amaral, Maria Paz Hidalgo
Summary: Biological processes in living organisms exhibit strong rhythmicity and are regulated by internal timing systems. Understanding the influence of biological rhythms is crucial for experimental design and reporting.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Yanqun Cao, Hao Chen, Yinna Tan, Xu-Dong Yu, Chuli Xiao, Yin Li, James Reilly, Zhiming He, Xinhua Shu
Summary: There is evidence to suggest that chronic stress impacts neurochemical homeostasis and contributes to mental disorders. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of p-coumaric acid (p-CA), a natural compound found in vegetables and fruits, against stress-associated mental disorders. The findings suggest that p-CA could alleviate cognitive deficits and depression-like behavior in mice exposed to chronic restraint stress (CRS) by regulating the PKA-CREB-BDNF signaling pathway.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Mai O. Spaulding, Jessica R. Hoffman, Grace C. Madu, Magen N. Lord, Caroline Soares Iizuka, Kevin P. Myers, Emily E. Noble
Summary: Food insecurity is associated with obesity and disordered eating behaviors. Studying a rodent model, researchers found that adolescent food insecurity may increase susceptibility to obesity and altered eating behaviors during adulthood.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
K. Oberman, B. L. van Leeuwen, M. Nabben, J. E. Villafranca, R. G. Schoemaker
Summary: The present study investigated the post-operative complications and therapeutic potential of J147 in male Zucker rats, and found that J147 treatment had positive effects on behavioral and metabolic parameters, but did not affect neuroinflammation. The results suggest that a combination of acute and chronic J147 treatment may be optimal for treatment.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Mathieu Cournoyer, Alice Maldera, Alexandre-Charles Gauthier, Fabien Dal Maso, Marie-Eve Mathieu
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive view of the literature on the effect of different odors on physical activity through a systematic review. It was found that pleasant odors have a positive impact on participants' physical activity. However, better methodological consistency is needed in studies to produce more meaningful results.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Gabriel R. Gilmore, Jeff Dyche
Summary: This study examined sleep, sleep/wake regularity, and cognition in college students diagnosed with depression and using serotonergic antidepressants, comparing them to those without a depression diagnosis. The results showed that students using antidepressants had slightly longer wake after sleep onset and lower sleep efficiency, but these differences were likely not noticed by the participants. There were no differences in sleep regularity or cognition between the two groups.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Erica A. Cross, Kim L. Huhman, H. Elliott Albers
Summary: Social stress plays a significant role in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders and can lead to behavioral deficits such as social withdrawal. This study investigates the impact of social stress on social reward in Syrian hamsters. The results show that subordinate and socially defeated males have reduced motivation for social interactions compared to dominant males. Additionally, winning males exhibit greater activation in the mesolimbic dopamine system compared to losers. In females, there were no differences in social entries between winners and losers, but winning females display more activation in the NAc shell.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Daniel A. R. Cabral, Maria L. M. Rego, Eduardo B. Fontes, Vagner D. O. Tavares
Summary: This study examined the association between body mass index (BMI) and negative emotional states (NES) in men with substance use disorders (SUD) undergoing treatment. The findings showed a positive correlation between BMI and stress, anxiety, and depression. These results suggest that reducing body fat accumulation may contribute to improving mental health in individuals with SUD during recovery.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Review
Psychology, Biological
Elizabeth Agbor Epse Muluh, Jessica C. McCormack, Yunfan Mo, Michael Garratt, Mei Peng
Summary: This PROSPERO pre-registered systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the olfactory and gustatory changes in pregnant individuals. The meta-analysis revealed that pregnant individuals performed poorer in odour identification, rated olfactory stimuli to be more intense during the second and third trimester, and had increased pleasantness for sweet taste in the first trimester. No major difference was observed in terms of gustatory functions between pregnant and non-pregnant subjects.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Renee Spiteri Douglas, Mackenzie R. Hartley, J. Renee Yang, Tamara B. Franklin
Summary: The expression of Hdac2 in the hippocampus is associated with social status, while the expression of closely related genes Hdac1 and HDAC2 protein is not associated with social rank in the hippocampus.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2024)
