Article
Ecology
Tomasz F. Stepinski
Summary: This paper discusses the method of using Boltzmann entropy to quantify the configurational complexity of landscapes and whether it adheres to the statistical mechanics framework. By comparing an illustrative example that adheres to the framework with the method of calculating Boltzmann entropy, it is concluded that the computation of Boltzmann entropy in the context of landscapes does not comply with statistical mechanics. Therefore, it does not provide a link between landscapes and thermodynamics, and claims that Shannon entropy cannot be used to assess the configurational complexity of landscape are incorrect.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Georgios Styliaris, Namit Anand, Paolo Zanardi
Summary: The study presents exact analytical results for the bipartite OTOC, showing its relationship with operator entanglement and its impact on entangling power. Additionally, it explores the connection between long-time averages of the OTOC and eigenstate entanglement.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Paolo Facchi, Giovanni Gramegna, Arturo Konderak
Summary: By taking into account the decomposition and minimality properties of density matrices, a definition of entropy based on algebra was provided to resolve the ambiguity of state entropy.
Review
Mathematics, Applied
Klaas Landsman
Summary: This paper advocates an approach in physics that associates typicality with a suitable form of algorithmic randomness. It reviews various theorems from mathematics and physics to demonstrate this approach's validity and applicability.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Florian Kranzl, Aleksander Lasek, Manoj K. Joshi, Amir Kalev, Rainer Blatt, Christian F. Roos, Nicole Yunger Halpern
Summary: Quantum simulators allow experimental observations of the internal thermalization of quantum many-body systems. Noncommuting charges, which cannot commute with each other, have recently emerged as a theoretical subfield at the intersection of quantum thermodynamics and information. In this study, a trapped-ion simulator is used to initiate experimental testing of the predictions related to noncommuting charges by simulating a Heisenberg evolution.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Jonah Kudler-Flam, Vladimir Narovlansky, Shinsei Ryu
Summary: This work explores the distinguishability between random states and black hole microstates, calculating various generalized quantities to reveal new structures. Extending the study to random tensor networks leads to the discovery of new phenomena, enhancing the understanding of the relationship between holographic states and random tensor networks. The implications on the black hole information problem are discussed, providing new insights and solutions.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Won Sang Chung, Abdullah Algin
Summary: This work first develops a general procedure for obtaining the superstatistical density of states with nonzero variance in the probability density function. The microcanonical ensemble based on superstatistics with the free Hamiltonian as a stochastic variable is then discussed. Finally, the formalism presented here is applied and analyzed in detail within the framework of different probability distributions, such as three states distribution, the Gamma distribution, the q-deformed Dirac delta distribution, and the Poisson distribution.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Silvia Pappalardi, Laura Foini, Jorge Kurchan
Summary: This letter reveals the close relationship between the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis and free probability theory, providing a mathematical framework to study quantum thermalization. This framework simplifies higher-order correlation functions and naturally incorporates the consistency property of local functions of the ETH operators.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Anatoly Dymarsky
Summary: This study demonstrates that macroscopic thermalization and transport impose constraints on the matrix elements in the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) and require them to be correlated. The conventional assumption that the ETH reduces to random matrix theory (RMT) below the Thouless energy scale is shown to be inconsistent. The researchers prove that the energy scale at which the RMT behavior emerges must be smaller than the inverse timescale of the slowest thermalization mode coupled to the operator of interest, and argue that this timescale also marks the breakdown of the hydrodynamic description of transport.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Chaitanya Murthy, Arman Babakhani, Fernando Iniguez, Mark Srednicki, Nicole Yunger Halpern
Summary: This study extends the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) to noncommuting charges and explains the slow convergence of time-averaged values to thermal averages in quantum systems.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jonah Kudler-Flam, Ramanjit Sohal, Laimei Nie
Summary: This paper investigates the role of conservation laws in the thermalization process from an information-theoretic perspective in non-integrable systems. It shows that even when a system conserves energy, the maximal amount of information is still scrambled at late times, but the amount of scrambled information decreases when the system has additional symmetries leading to degeneracies in the spectrum.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Gao
Summary: This study reveals that the generalized Boltzmann distribution is mathematically consistent with thermodynamics and challenges the fundamental assumptions of statistical mechanics. It provides a new approach to derive the Boltzmann distribution and could have implications for non-Boltzmann-Gibbs statistical mechanics and philosophical studies on its foundations.
RESULTS IN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Michael Winer, Brian Swingle
Summary: This article presents a hydrodynamic theory of the connected spectral form factor prior to the inverse level spacing time. The theory derives a general formula for the spectral form factor and shows that fluctuating hydrodynamics can be used to describe the dynamics. It also explores the interaction effects and extends the formalism to Floquet systems, providing a crossover formula from the Hamiltonian ramp to the Floquet ramp.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Eiki Iyoda, Kazuya Kaneko, Takahiro Sagawa
Summary: In this paper, we theoretically and numerically show that the fluctuation theorem holds in both the long- and short-time regimes, even when the initial state of the bath is a single energy eigenstate of a many-body system.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Felix Fritzsch, Tomaz Prosen
Summary: In this paper, we introduce a perturbed free quantum circuit model that exhibits ergodicity induced by an impurity interaction placed on the system's boundary. By combining numerical calculations and analytical arguments, we find that in a certain scaling limit, correlations in the system exponentially decay with system size for impurities that remain unitary under partial transpose, while generic impurities or generic locations of local operators result in persistent revivals of correlations with a period given by the system size.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Robert Ruzinak, Michal Bittsansky, Martina Martinikova, Vladimir Nosal, Ema Kantorova, Jana Ballova, Monika Turcanova Koprusakova, Petra Hnilicova, Marian Grendar, Robert Dusenka, Branislav Kolarovszki, Kamil Zelenak, Egon Kurca, Stefan Sivak
Summary: The study found a significant decrease in tNAA/tCre and tCho/tCre ratios in MTBI patients with LOC compared to healthy controls, as well as a significant decrease in the tNAA/tCre ratio in the LOC group compared to patients without LOC. Other metabolite ratios in the brainstem did not show significant group differences.
BIOMEDICAL PAPERS-OLOMOUC
(2022)
Article
Pathology
Alz Beta Blicharova, Vladimir Tancos, Zuzana Benetinova, Udmila Verboova, Marian Grendar, Alena Mazurakova, Lukas Plank, Eva Mechirova
Summary: This study analyzed the surgical resections of 730 lung cancer patients with NSCLC and found a correlation between PD-L1 expression in NSCLC and tumor differentiation and necrosis. The proportion of PD-L1 positive cases was significantly higher in poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas. Similarly, keratinizing and non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinomas showed a similar proportion of PD-L1 positive cases. High levels of PD-L1 expression were associated with the presence of necrosis in NSCLC.
PATHOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nasrin Taghavi, Robert K. Niven, Matthias Kramer, David J. Paull
Summary: Groundwater contamination in the Burdekin Basin, Australia, has raised concerns about its impact on globally significant ecosystems like the Great Barrier Reef. This study aimed to assess the suitability of the DRASTIC index-based method for groundwater vulnerability assessment in the basin. The results showed weak correlation between DRASTIC scores and water quality parameters, indicating the need for alternative methods to assess groundwater vulnerability in the area.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Martina Martinikova, Robert Ruzinak, Petra Hnilicova, Michal Bittsansky, Marian Grendar, Lucia Babalova, Pavol Skacik, Ema Kantorova, Vladimir Nosal, Monika Turcanova Koprusakova, Jozef Sivak, Jana Sivakova, Zuzana Biringerova, Branislav Kolarovszki, Kamil Zelenak, Egon Kurca, Stefan Sivak
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and safety of a selected training protocol in patients with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The results showed slight benefits in specific cognitive domains and demonstrated the capability of machine learning and predictive models in identifying mTBI patients.
BIOMEDICAL PAPERS-OLOMOUC
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dominik Kodada, Michaela Hyblova, Patrik Krumpolec, Nikola Janostiakova, Peter Barath, Marian Grendar, Gabriela Blandova, Oliver Petrovic, Pavol Janega, Vanda Repiska, Gabriel Minarik
Summary: Endometrial cancer is a common gynecologic cancer type with increasing incidence globally. Molecular classification has shown promise in providing accurate prognostic factors and personalized treatment, while diagnostic methods lag behind. Minimally invasive liquid biopsies could be an alternative screening and diagnostic approach.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Libusa Kubanova, Viktor Bielik, Ivan Hric, Simona Ugrayova, Katarina Soltys, Zofia Radikova, Eva Baranovicova, Marian Grendar, Martin Kolisek, Adela Penesova
Summary: This prospective cross-sectional study compared the gut microbiota composition and energy metabolites between individuals with class III obesity and healthy normal weight controls. The study identified specific microbiota and metabolites as potential biomarkers for discriminating between the two groups. Manipulating gut microbiota through a healthy lifestyle offers a new approach for managing class III obesity and associated disorders.
METABOLIC SYNDROME AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Eva Turyova, Peter Mikolajcik, Marian Grendar, Eva Kudelova, Veronika Holubekova, Michal Kalman, Juraj Marcinek, Matej Hrnciar, Michal Kovac, Juraj Miklusica, Ludovit Laca, Zora Lasabova
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of OCT4 isoforms in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) and provide useful information about their role in the development and progression of CRC. The results showed significantly downregulated expression of OCT4A and OCT4Bs isoforms in primary and metastatic tumors compared with control samples. Furthermore, a correlation was observed between reduced expression of all OCT4 isoforms and primary and left-sided tumors. However, further studies are needed to investigate the detailed expression patterns and significance of individual OCT4 isoforms in carcinogenesis.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Kamrun Nahar, Noor Azwa Zulkarnain, Robert K. Niven
Summary: This article discusses the need for PFAS analysis due to increasing concern about these chemicals in the environment. It compares analytical methods and sensor technologies for monitoring and detecting PFAS, including chromatographic, instrumentation analysis, and sensor-based methods. The study highlights the importance of four critical factors for effective monitoring methods and suggests that while some sensor types have a low level of detection, they are currently only useful for targeted detection in water samples. However, sensors have the potential to be developed into low-cost, portable methods for remote PFAS detection on-site.
Article
Oncology
Eva Lukacova, Tatiana Burjanivova, Petar Podlesniy, Marian Grendar, Eva Turyova, Ivana Kasubova, Ludovit Laca, Peter Mikolajcik, Eva Kudelova, Andrea Vanochova, Juraj Miklusica, Sandra Mersakova, Zora Lasabova
Summary: A sensitive droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay was developed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of GRIA4 hypermethylation in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The study found that GRIA4 methylation was significantly increased in tumor tissues and showed promising diagnostic ability. Furthermore, high levels of GRIA4 hypermethylation were also observed in the blood samples of patients with metastatic CRC, suggesting its potential for non-invasive early detection.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agronomy
Kamrun Nahar, Robert K. Niven
Summary: The widespread use of genetically modified glyphosate-resistant crops has led to an increase in the use of glyphosate, raising concerns about its environmental impact. This study investigates the transport of glyphosate in soil through column-leaching experiments and numerical modeling. The findings provide insights into the characteristics and factors influencing glyphosate leaching in agricultural soils, highlighting the importance of studying glyphosate transport.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Milan Grofik, Michal Cibulka, Jana Oleksakova, Stefan Sivak, Daniel Cierny, Zuzana Tatarkova, Marian Grendar, Vladimir Nosal, Robert Ruzinak, Egon Kurca, Martin Kolisek
Summary: This study analyzed the levels of oxidative stress parameters in the blood of Parkinson's disease patients and healthy controls, and found that uric acid was associated with the disease. However, these oxidative stress parameters lack predictive/diagnostic power in clinical practice.
GENERAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ondrej Ondic, Marian Grendar, Petr Martinek
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2023)
Article
Virology
Tatiana Burjanivova, Eva Lukacova, Vincent Lucansky, Marek Samec, Petar Podlesniy, Zuzana Kolkova, Lenka Reizigova, Marian Grendar, Eva Turyova, Veronika Holubekova, Bibiana Malicherova, Vladimir Nosal, Ivana Kasubova, Robert Dusenka, Denisa Osinova, Jana Hosalova Matisova, Dana Dvorska, Dusan Brany, Zuzana Dankova, Elena Novakova, Andrea Calkovska, Erika Halasova
Summary: Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 in air traffic is crucial to prevent the virus from spreading globally. We developed sensitive detection methods, ddPCR and RT-qPCR, for early and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2. Analysis of patient samples showed higher positivity with ddPCR compared to RT-qPCR. We also identified a positive sample using ddPCR from saliva samples of passengers and airport staff. Our findings demonstrate the advantages of saliva collection and the suitability of ddPCR for virus detection.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Robert K. Niven
Summary: This study explores the application of the information-theoretic definition of similarity in multiple flow systems with wave propagation, providing dimensionless groups to distinguish different information-theoretic flow regimes. The study also demonstrates that for flows with wave dispersion, there exist more than two different information-theoretic flow regimes, and extends the application of entropic similarity in analyzing flow systems.
Article
Hematology
Lucia Stanciakova, Miroslava Dobrotova, Pavol Holly, Jana Zolkova, Lubica Vadelova, Ingrid Skornova, Jela Ivankova, Matej Samos, Tomas Bolek, Marian Grendar, Jan Danko, Peter Kubisz, Jan Stasko
Summary: High-risk pregnant women with previous VTE history have a higher risk of thromboembolic complications even after thromboprophylaxis, and the hemostatic parameters may not be restored even 6 to 8 weeks after delivery.
CLINICAL AND APPLIED THROMBOSIS-HEMOSTASIS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tinggui Chen, Baizhan Xia, Dejie Yu, Chuanxing Bi
Summary: This study proposes a gradient phononic crystal structure for enhanced acoustic sensing. By breaking the symmetry of the PC structure, topologically protected edge states are introduced, resulting in topological acoustic rainbow trapping. The robustness and enhancement properties are verified numerically and experimentally.
