Article
Mechanics
Zhibo Wang, Feng He, Haixiang Zhang, Pengfei Hao, Xiwen Zhang, Xiangru Li
Summary: This paper proposes a deep learning-based method to recover sharp images and infer depth information from defocused blur droplet images. The method consists of a defocus map estimation subnetwork and a defocus deblur subnetwork, optimized with a two-stage strategy. The results demonstrate satisfactory performance in depth location estimation and droplet size measurement, with good generalization and robustness.
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Dirk Allofs, Dominik Neeb, Ali Guelhan
Summary: This work investigates the accurate determination of particle mass flow rate using three non-intrusive measurement approaches, namely shadowgraphy, particle tracking velocimetry (PTV), and scattered light intensity, in supersonic flows. The particle mass flow rate is determined by measuring individual particle characteristics and the measurement volume. Experimental tests were conducted with varying flow conditions and different particle materials. The results show that shadowgraphy can accurately reproduce particle size distributions, while PTV cannot. The uncertainty of particle mass flow rate is 30% for shadowgraphy, 76% for PTV, and 28% for scaled PTV and scattered light intensity approach. Shadowgraphy measures a particle mass flow rate 58% higher than the semi-axisymmetric scattered light intensity approach, which is attributed to higher particle concentration at the injection plane.
EXPERIMENTS IN FLUIDS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Bhavesh Pant, Hemant Kumar Meena, Brijesh Kumar Singh
Summary: We introduce a method that utilizes a phase mask to generate a super-oscillatory focal spot of a tightly focused radially polarized beam. By applying vector diffraction theory, we demonstrate a super-oscillatory focal spot that surpasses both the diffraction limit and the super-oscillation criterion in terms of size. The proposed mask functions as a polarization filter that enhances the longitudinal component and eliminates the transverse component of radial polarization at the focal point, allowing for the creation of a pure longitudinal super-oscillatory focal spot.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
F. Moradi, S. F. Abdul Sani, M. H. Norazri, N. M. Ung, K. S. Almugren, Kh. Rezaee Ebrahim Saraee, D. A. Bradley
Summary: Small field treatments in radiotherapy have become increasingly important for better control of target volume dose and improved therapeutic ratio. However, the dosimetry of small field techniques is more challenging due to the production of high dose areas with rapid dose rate fall off margins. In this study, Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the perturbation effect caused by dosimeter size in radiation fields. The results showed that small size silica fibre TL dosimeters have advantages in small field dosimetry, while conventional LiF TLDs produced significant perturbations, especially in small radiation fields.
RADIATION PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Marcela Pelaez, Urko Reinosa, Julien Serreau, Matthieu Tissier, Nicolas Wschebor
Summary: Lattice simulations in the Landau gauge have shown that the coupling constant in the QCD sector remains finite and moderate at all scales, while the gluon propagator reaches a finite nonzero value at vanishing momentum. Studies have successfully described infrared QCD dynamics using the perturbative Curci-Ferrari model, with calculations showing good agreement with lattice simulations. The approach has also been applied to scenarios with dynamical quarks, showing controlled approximation schemes can account for chiral symmetry breaking. Applications to nonzero temperature and chemical potential have also been explored.
REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Miguel Lopez-Sanchez, Maria Perez-Fernandez, Eduardo Pardo, Jose M. Fandino, Antonio Teijeiro, Nicolas Gomez-Fernandez, Faustino Gomez, Diego M. Gonzalez-Castano
Summary: This study used Monte Carlo simulation to evaluate the response of the four smallest active volume ionization chambers when measuring SRS cone collimated FFF fields. The IBA RAZOR Nano Chamber was found to be an excellent choice for narrow beam output factor measurement due to its minimum correction requirement and advantages of tiny size and tissue equivalence materials.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Saurabh Srivastava, Kenneth E. Lee, Eugene A. Fitzgerald, Stephen J. Pennycook, Silvija Gradecak
Summary: This study develops a new type of freestanding quantum dot-based color converter for efficient optical down-conversion. By controlling quantum dot thickness and pixel size, high resolution displays with small pixel sizes can be achieved. The technology can be used for QD-based RGB displays with ultrahigh resolution.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Huihui Wen, Hongye Zhang, Runlai Peng, Chao Liu, Shuman Liu, Fengqi Liu, Huimin Xie, Zhanwei Liu
Summary: In this study, a scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) moire depth sectioning method is proposed, which can accurately evaluate the 3D strain field at the nanoscale. Through optimizing the scanning parameters of electron probes at different depths, a large field of view STEM-MFs sequence is obtained, and the 3D STEM moire information is constructed. The developed method realizes multi-scale 3D strain field measurements and accurately measures the 3D strain field near the heterostructure interface and single dislocation.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Xiaohang Zhang, Xinchun Guan, Chongzhi Ma
Summary: The hydration depth, reflecting the thickness of hydrated cement particles, varies with particle sizes and plays a crucial role in improving the quality and economy of cement-based materials. A method combining backscattered electron images and stereological method is proposed to characterize hydration depths of cement particles in hardened cement-based materials. The accuracy of this method is demonstrated for cement particles below 16 μm.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhi Li, Weiyong Chen, Yinghui Li, Wenliang Wu
Summary: This study examined the impact of pavement aggregate grain size on skid resistance, and proposed the concept of occlusal depth to characterize skid resistance. The results showed that there was no correlation between aggregate grain size and tyre-pavement contact interaction, and that occlusal depth had a strong linear correlation with horizontal braking force.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhen Zhong, Ningmu Zou, Xuping Zhang
Summary: This study introduces a method to handle disturbances on the optical fiber in a coherent Φ-OTDR system, by deducing phase changes and proposing a differential operation solution to obtain phase information of subsequent perturbations. Experimental results successfully extract the phase signal of subsequent PZT vibrations, with a discussion on threshold value settings.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Chun Zhu, Manchao He, Qian Yin, Xiaohu Zhang
Summary: The thickness and particle size of a gravel cushion have a significant impact on the response between rockfall and cushion. Decreasing cushion thickness only reduces impact force on the cushion bottom, while decreasing particle size can reduce impact forces on both the cushion surface and bottom. The penetration depth is greatly influenced by the particle size of the cushion. Impacts forces increase with rockfall height, with the increase rate on the cushion surface higher than that on the cushion bottom.
GEOMECHANICS AND GEOPHYSICS FOR GEO-ENERGY AND GEO-RESOURCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Libing Zhu, Manzhou Zhang, Xincheng Xiang, Xiangang Wang
Summary: Proton pencil beam scanning is a dynamic beam delivery technique that can effectively conform to the tumor volume. In this study, polymer gel dosimeters were used to measure the spot size and scanning positions of the proton pencil beam. The feasibility of this method for accurate measurement was confirmed.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Piero Cossu, Laura Mura, Gian Luca Dedola, Tiziana Lai, Daria Sanna, Fabio Scarpa, Ilenia Azzena, Nicola Fois, Marco Casu
Summary: Knowledge of genetic diversity and its spatial distribution is crucial for improving conservation plans for endangered species. This study assesses the impact of sample size on genetic diversity metrics within and between populations of the marine endangered species Patella ferruginea using microsatellite genotypes. Within-population metrics are moderately affected by small sample size, but the bias is proportional to the effective population size and gene flow. Increasing sample size enhances the detection of genetic differentiation among populations, but the gain tends to be negligible between 30 and 50 individuals. The study highlights the importance of genetic monitoring in seemingly well-preserved but potentially isolated populations and suggests caution in interpreting genetic patterns based on small sample sizes when genetic differentiation is weak.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Can Yan, Zhaohui Deng, Tao Xia, Wei Liu, Hua Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the dynamic fracture toughness and grinding performance of zirconia ceramics with different grain sizes under different grinding conditions. The models for critical grinding force and maximum subsurface damage depth in crack generation were established and verified through grinding experiments. The effects of dynamic fracture toughness on material removal mechanism during the ductile-brittle transition with different process parameters were analyzed, and the influence of grain sizes on grinding performance was discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Correction
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Hugo Levillain, Manuela Burghelea, Ivan Duran Derijckere, Thomas Guiot, Akos Gulyban, Bruno Vanderlinden, Michael Vouche, Patrick Flamen, Nick Reynaert
Article
Oncology
Jonas Willmann, Philip Poortmans, Angelo Fillipo Monti, Warren Grant, Enrico Clementel, Coreen Corning, Nick Reynaert, Coen W. Hurkmans, Nicolaus Andratschke
Summary: By analyzing the Facility Questionnaire (FQ) database of the EORTC Radiation Oncology Group, changes in patient workload and staff levels in radiation oncology departments were identified, indicating the impact of complex techniques and automation on the development trends in these departments.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Evin N. D. Brou Boni, John Klein, Akos Gulyban, Nick Reynaert, David Pasquier
Summary: MR-to-CT synthesis using an Augmented CycleGAN model showed good performance in generating synthetic CT images from unpaired data, indicating potential for generalization across different scanners and sequences. The mean absolute errors for sCT image generation were 59.8 HU and 65.8 HU for different test sites, with low dose differences and high gamma pass rates observed in dose distribution analysis.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Davide Cusumano, Luca Boldrini, Jennifer Dhont, Claudio Fiorino, Olga Green, Gorkem Gungor, Nuria Jornet, Sebastian Klueter, Guillaume Landry, Gian Carlo Mattiucci, Lorenzo Placidi, Nick Reynaert, Ruggero Ruggieri, Stephanie Tanadini-Lang, Daniela Thorwarth, Poonam Yadav, Yingli Yang, Vincenzo Valentini, Dirk Verellen, Luca Indovina
Summary: The introduction of Magnetic Resonance-guided Radiotherapy (MRgRT) systems has significantly improved treatment with higher soft tissue contrast and real-time monitoring of tumor motion. Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays a key role in automating operations and applications in areas such as image segmentation, CT reconstruction, online planning, and predictive model development within MRgRT systems.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Husein Alhamada, Stephane Simon, Akos Gulyban, Pauline Gastelblum, Nicolas Pauly, Dirk VanGestel, Nick Reynaert
Summary: The study successfully validated the MC model, with less than 2% difference compared to measurements for all field sizes. The main energy of the electron source incident on the target was 5.8 MeV, with Gaussian electron source FWHM of 0.09 and 0.2 (cm) in X and Y directions, respectively. Results showed minimal absolute differences in mean and max dose of PTV between Monaco T and MC, confirming the agreement between SBRT treatment plans and MC results. It is feasible to use MC as an independent QC tool for treatment plan verifications.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Sara Poeta, Younes Jourani, Alex De Caluwe, Robbe Van den Begin, Dirk Van Gestel, Nick Reynaert
Summary: This study compared the treatment delivery time and dosimetric differences between 8 partial arcs VMAT and 4 partial arcs VMAT for left-sided breast cancer patients using deep-inspiration breath hold technique. The results showed that 4 partial arcs VMAT significantly reduced treatment delivery time without compromising the treatment efficacy.
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Cristina Garibaldi, Marion Essers, Ben Heijmen, Jenny Bertholet, Efi Koutsouveli, Marco Schwarz, Christoph Bert, Marin Bodale, Oscar Casares-Magaz, Eduard Gerskevitch, Irena Koniarova, Stine Korreman, Albert Lisbona, Antonio Lopez Medina, Ad Maas, Raphael Moeckli, Margaret Moore, Borislava Petrovic, Tomasz Piotrowski, Esmeralda Poli, Yolanda Prezado, Nick Reynaert, Kathrine Roe Redalen, Erato Stylianou Markidou, Dirk Verellen, Nuria Jornet, Catharine H. Clark
Summary: The purpose of this study was to update the core curriculum for medical physics experts working in radiotherapy, in line with recent EU guidelines, and to provide a framework for European countries to develop their own curriculum. The study proposed a 4-year training period and emphasized the importance of quality management and research projects.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Geert Pittomvils, Evelien Bogaert, Erik Traneus, Pieternel Thysebaert, Carlos De Wagter
Summary: This work presents the clinical validation of RayStation's electron Monte Carlo code using diodes and plane parallel radiation detectors. The results are evaluated against internationally accepted criteria. The validation shows that the code achieves the tolerances specified in NCS report 15 and provides accurate dose predictions for various treatment setups.
Review
Oncology
Willeke Danckaert, Mathieu Spaas, Katrien Vandecasteele, Carlos De Wagter, Piet Ost
Summary: This study investigated the impact of radiotherapy parameters on the risk of lymphopenia in urological tumor patients and discussed its potential influence on clinical outcomes. The findings suggest that extended radiation volumes and unintentional irradiation of bone marrow may increase the risk of lymphopenia. Therefore, minimizing radiation volumes and avoiding irradiation of pelvic bone marrow may help reduce the incidence of lymphopenia and improve clinical outcomes.
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Willeke Danckaert, Piet Ost, Carlos De Wagter
Summary: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of a commercially available treatment planning system (TPS) in calculating doses in nontarget regions. The results showed that the TPS underestimated the nontarget dose in some points of interest (POIs), indicating areas for improvement in both TPS and linear accelerator control systems.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CLINICAL MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Frederik Crop, Julien Laffarguette, Ilias Achag, David Pasquier, Xavier Mirabel, Romain Cayez, Thomas Lacornerie
Summary: The study aims to evaluate the accuracy and agreement of a three-camera Catalyst Surface Guided radiation therapy system on a closed-gantry Halcyon for breast-only treatments under free-breathing and deep inspiration breath hold conditions. The agreement of SGRT positioning with the Halcyon couch and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) was evaluated and compared with the CBCT positioning. The results showed good agreement between SGRT and Halcyon couch, while some systematic differences were observed between SGRT and CBCT positioning.
PHYSICA MEDICA-EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Simon Sioen, Louise D'Hondt, Fien Van Houte, Robin Demuynck, Klaus Bacher, Carlos De Wagter, Anne Vral, Barbara Vanderstraeten, Dmitri V. Krysko, Ans Baeyens
Summary: This study compared the DNA damage response in peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed to X-rays with varying beam quality, mean photon energy, and dose rate. The results showed that different beam qualities and mean photon energies of X-rays had varying effects on chromosomal damage and DNA double-stranded breaks, while cell death induction was similar. Additional copper filtration reduced chromosomal damage and double-stranded breaks, but dose rate variation did not have a significant effect on cell response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Frederik Crop, Ophelie Guillaud, Mariem Ben Haj Amor, Alexandre Gaignierre, Carole Barre, Cindy Fayard, Benjamin Vandendorpe, Kaoutar Lodyga, Raphaelle Mouttet-Audouard, Xavier Mirabel
Summary: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) used in radiotherapy is often based on 3D acquisitions, but suffers from low signal-to-noise ratio due to immobilization device and flexible coil use. This study found that Compressed Sensing (CS) can improve image quality, but qualitative ratings are subject to large inter-rater variability.
PHYSICS & IMAGING IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
L. Paelinck, C. Monten, C. De Wagter, Y. Lievens
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Oncology
F. Crop, O. Guillaud, A. Gaignierre, C. Barre, C. Fayard, M. Ben Haj Amor, R. Mouttet-Audouard, X. Mirabel
RADIOTHERAPY AND ONCOLOGY
(2022)