Ultrafast Polarization Shaping with Fano Plasmonic Crystals

Femtosecond-scale polarization state shaping is experimentally found in optical response of a plasmonic nanograting by means of time-resolved Stokes polarimetry. Simultaneous measurements of the Stokes parameters as a function of time reveal a remarkable alteration of the polarization state inside a single femtosecond pulse reflected from a plasmonic crystal due to the excitation of time-delayed polarization-sensitive surface plasmons with a highly birefringent Fano-type spectral profile. Time-dependent depolarization, indicating the sub-130-femtosecond polarization change inside the pulse, is experimentally found and described within an analytical model which predicts the fivefold enhancement of the polarization conversion effect with the use of a narrower time gate.