Spallation Ultracold Neutron Source of Superfluid Helium below 1 K

For the production of high-density ultracold neutrons (UCNs), we placed 0.8 K superfluid helium in a cold neutron moderator. We resolved previous heat-load problems in the spallation neutron source that were particularly serious below 1 K. With a proton-beam power of 400 MeV x 1 mu A, a UCN production rate of 4 UCN cm(-3) s(-1) at the maximum UCN energy of E-c = 210 neV and a storage lifetime of 81 s were obtained. A cryogenic test showed that the production rate can be increased by a factor of 10 with the same storage lifetime by increasing the proton-beam power as well as He-3 pumping speed.