Article
Microbiology
Yunjie Chang, Hui Xu, Md A. Motaleb, Jun Liu
Summary: Researchers have discovered a multiprotein collar complex in Lyme disease spirochetes, which exhibits remarkable structural plasticity to accommodate the highly curved membrane and generate the high torque necessary for spirochete motility.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yuzhi Shi, Tongtong Zhu, Ai Qun Liu, Lei-Ming Zhou, Manuel Nieto-Vesperinas, Amir Hassanfiroozi, Jingquan Liu, Din Ping Tsai, Zhenyu Li, Weiqiang Ding, Fan Wang, Hang Li, Qinghua Song, Xiaohao Xu, Baojun Li, Xinbin Cheng, Pin Chieh Wu, Che Ting Chan, Cheng-Wei Qiu
Summary: Negative optical torques, opposite to the direction of spin angular momentum, can emerge when elliptically polarized light waves are obliquely impinged on dielectric nanoparticles. The rotation direction can be switched by controlling the incident angle.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jinsheng Lu, Vincent Ginis, Cheng-Wei Qiu, Federico Capasso
Summary: Spin-orbit interactions in evanescent fields have attracted significant interest, particularly in relation to the generation of polarization-dependent lateral forces on particles. However, the relationship between polarization-dependent resonances of large particles and incident light's helicity and resultant lateral forces remains unclear. In this study, a microfiber-microcavity system was used to investigate these phenomena. Contrary to previous studies, it was found that induced lateral forces at resonance are not proportional to the helicity of incident light due to polarization-dependent coupling phases and resonance phases. A generalized law for optical lateral forces was proposed, revealing the existence of optical lateral forces even when the helicity of incident light is zero.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuichi Nakamura
Summary: The ability of bacteria to move is crucial for their survival and can be a virulence factor for pathogenic species. This review focuses on the significance of motility, particularly crawling, in liquid and on surfaces, for the causative agent of zoonosis leptospirosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Z. Dadi, A. A. Masoudi, F. Tajik, G. Palasantzas
Summary: This study discusses the stable actuation of a double beam torsional micro-actuator and focuses on finding the optimal distribution of electrostatic torque for maximum stable operation. The analysis shows the sensitivity of torque distribution on the optical properties of the moving component and the applied voltage. It is also demonstrated that applying the optimal torque distribution can reduce the possibility of chaotic motion and minimize the difference between systems with different optical contrast.
Article
Microbiology
Hui Xu, Bo Hu, David A. Flesher, Jun Liu, Md A. Motaleb
Summary: This study investigates the assembly process of bacterial flagellar components and the functions of related proteins in various bacteria, highlighting the crucial role of BB0259 in spirochetes and the essentiality of residue E580 for its PG-hydrolyzing activity.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physics, Mathematical
Ryspek Usubamatov, Sarken Kapayeva
Summary: The previous publications on gyroscope theory mainly focused on the inertial torques on the spinning disc, with simplified expressions. However, these mathematical models have not been validated by practice. Recent research has addressed the gyroscopic effects for rotating objects and provided mathematical models for the interrelated inertial torques of the spinning disc, bar, and ring.
ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Juan R. Deop-Ruano, Alejandro Manjavacas
Summary: Within the framework of fluctuational electrodynamics, this study investigates the simultaneous transfer of energy and angular momentum in a pair of rotating nanostructures. The results demonstrate that the radiative heat transfer between the nanostructures can be influenced by their rotation, leading to an increase, decrease, or even reversal of the transfer compared to non-rotating conditions. This work uncovers the counterintuitive phenomena resulting from the simultaneous transfer of energy and angular momentum in rotating nanostructures.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
I. Bobkova, A. M. Bobkov, Wolfgang Belzig
Summary: Thermally induced magnetization dynamics is a flourishing research field with potential applications in information technology. The study of a magnetic domain wall interacting with an adjacent superconductor in a thermal gradient has shown that the spin-transfer torques produced in this system are large enough to result in domain wall velocities 10(3) times larger than previously predicted, due to the combined effects of the giant thermoelectric effect and the creation of equal-spin pairs in the superconductor.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Abhinav Naga, Doris Vollmer, Hans Juergen Butt
Summary: This study demonstrates that particles rotating at a liquid-fluid interface need to overcome a resistive capillary torque due to contact angle hysteresis. The capillary torque reduces the mobility of wet granular matter and prevents small particles from rotating when in Brownian motion at an interface. The expression for the capillary torque is equivalent to the friction force that a drop experiences when moving on a flat surface.
Article
Optics
Huan Tang, Renxian Li, Shuhong Gong, Liu Yang, Lixia Yang, Bing Wei, Zitong Zhu, F. G. Mitri
Summary: By investigating the interaction between a dielectric circular cylinder rotating at a stable angular velocity and a plane wave, the curved photonic nanojet (CPNJ) phenomenon is studied. The optical Magnus effect of the dielectric circular cylinder is verified, and the analytical expressions for the internal and external electric fields are derived. The numerical results analyze the influence of size parameter, relative refractive index, and rotating dimensionless parameter on the CPNJ. The curved effect of the photonic nanojet is emphasized, which can be used for off-axis photonic nanojet (PNJ) generation by adjusting the angular velocity of the dielectric cylinder.
Article
Mechanics
A. Chandel, S. P. Das
Summary: The experiment investigates the unsteady wake of a rotating and translating sphere, revealing transitions between one-sided and double-sided hairpin vortex shedding at critical Reynolds numbers. The vorticity distribution, wake width variations, and decay of centerline velocity in the far wake are analyzed using particle image velocimetry. The Strouhal number shows a clear increasing trend with increasing Reynolds number and non-dimensional rotational speed, with the coefficient of drag remaining constant at higher Reynolds numbers.
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
David B. Rowley, Alessandro M. Forte
Summary: Discrepancies are found between predicted and observed plate motion histories, and the influence of deep mantle buoyancy on plate motions is proposed.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vittorio De Falco, Maciek Wielgus
Summary: This study further explores the three-dimensional general relativistic Poynting-Robertson effect in the motion around compact objects, discussing the effects of radiation pressure and radiation drag force, investigating the properties of critical hypersurfaces, and demonstrating how this model can be applied to radiation phenomena near neutron stars.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhenzhen Liu, Yan Liu, Hongfu Zuo, Han Wang, Zhixiong Chen
Summary: This paper innovatively proposes an inline monitoring method for wear particles based on the different motion characteristics of the particles. By studying the velocity characteristics of different particles through theoretical calculations, numerical simulations, and experimental analysis, an inline optical sensor was designed and developed. The results showed that the inline sensor has excellent suitability for monitoring wear particles. This study is significant for the safe operation of large rotating machinery.
Article
Cell Biology
Cecil J. Gomes, Michael W. Harman, Sara M. Centuori, Charles W. Wolgemuth, Jesse D. Martinez
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alex E. Hamby, Dhruv K. Vig, Sasha Safonova, Charles W. Wolgemuth
Article
Cell Biology
Oleg A. Igoshin, Jing Chen, Jianhua Xing, Jian Liu, Timothy C. Elston, Michael Grabe, Kenneth S. Kim, Jasmine A. Nirody, Padmini Rangamani, Sean X. Sun, Hongyun Wang, Charles Wolgemuth
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xing Duan, Yizeng Li, Kexi Yi, Fengli Guo, HaiYang Wang, Pei-Hsun Wu, Jing Yang, Devin B. Mair, Edwin Angelo Morales, Petr Kalab, Denis Wirtz, Sean X. Sun, Rong Li
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jing Yang, Xing Duan, Andrew K. Fraser, Mohammad Ikbal Choudhury, Andrew J. Ewald, Rong Li, Sean X. Sun
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2019)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
HaiYang Wang, Yizeng Li, Jing Yang, Xing Duan, Petr Kalab, Sean X. Sun, Rong Li
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Tiankui Zhang, Charles W. Wolgemuth
JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING
(2020)
Article
Cell Biology
Charles W. Wolgemuth, Sean X. Sun
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF THE CELL
(2020)
Article
Zoology
Sriram Chandrasekaran, Nicole Danos, Uduak Z. George, Jin-Ping Han, Gerald Quon, Rolf Muller, Yinphan Tsang, Charles Wolgemuth
Summary: The biological challenges facing humanity are complex, multi-factorial, and crucial for the future of health, welfare, and the environment. Tackling these issues requires integrating diverse datasets, developing new frameworks, and promoting transparency in models and interdisciplinary collaboration.
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Yessica K. Gomez, Andrew M. Natale, James Lincoff, Charles W. Wolgemuth, John M. Rosenberg, Michael Grabe
Summary: This study reveals consistent buckling distortions in a large membrane patch during molecular dynamics simulations using the Monte-Carlo barostat with a hard Lennard-Jones cutoff, while smaller patches show signs of reduced surface area and thickening, accompanied by compressive load on the membrane. The mismatch in handling potentials and forces in the dynamical equations versus the MC barostat is found to be responsible for these differential behaviors, suggesting a minimal compression of the membrane's linear dimensions is required for buckling. It is recommended to always use LJ force or potential-switching when employing the MC barostat to prevent undesirable membrane deformations.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Tiankui Zhang, Charles W. Wolgemuth
Summary: The dynamics of thin, membrane-like structures are crucial in cell biology, but simulating large scale deformations remains challenging due to spatial heterogeneity. A general computational framework has been developed to simulate the dynamics of membranes and vesicles, successfully predicting equilibrium shapes of multiphase vesicles.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Paul M. Ryan, Charles W. Wolgemuth
Summary: Filaments, rods, and beams are commonly found in various fields. However, there are still many unanswered questions regarding the dynamics of bending and twisting these long, thin objects. This paper presents a finite volume discretization method based on the Kirchoff equations that guarantees the correct total integral of forces and torques on filaments, rods, or beams. By coupling this discretization with resistive force theory, a stable and accurate dynamic algorithm for filament motion at low Reynolds number is developed. The utility, stability, and accuracy of this method are demonstrated through a range of sample problems.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Paul M. Ryan, Charles W. Wolgemuth
Summary: This study investigates the phase diagram and dynamic behaviors of twirling filaments based on their cross-sectional aspect ratio and rotational frequency.
PHYSICAL REVIEW FLUIDS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Charles W. W. Wolgemuth, Jorge I. I. Palos-Chavez
Summary: The dynamics of suspensions of particles has been extensively studied since Einstein's calculation of the leading-order correction to viscosity. In this study, we focus on the low-Reynolds-number behavior of spherical particle suspensions. By deriving a continuum-level description based on the Green's functions for flow, we correct errors in previous derivations and obtain stable equations of motion for particles and fluid. The resulting equations provide accurate predictions for sedimentation speed and viscosity corrections.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2023)
Article
Biophysics
Michael W. Harman, Alex E. Hamby, Ross Boltyanskiy, Alexia A. Belperron, Linda K. Bockenstedt, Holger Kress, Eric R. Dufresne, Charles W. Wolgemuth
BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2017)