Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniele Carlesso, Justin M. McNab, Christopher J. Lustri, Simon Garnier, Chris R. Reid
Summary: In this study, the researchers combined experimental analyses with theoretical modeling to investigate how animal groups modulate their investment into tasks under uncertain conditions. They found that weaver ants cap their investment into chains and do not form complete chains when the gap is taller than 90 mm. The ants budget the time they spend in chains based on their distance to the ground, and a distance-based model of chain formation explains this tradeoff without invoking complex cognition.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Marc Serramia, Maite Lopez-Sanchez, Stefano Moretti, Juan A. Rodriguez-Aguilar
Summary: Decision makers face challenges in comparing and ranking elements based on multiple criteria and personal preferences. This study introduces a new decision-making framework and presents a new method for ranking single elements. It is also proven that the contributions of this study generalize recent results in the field of social choice. The findings are illustrated through a case study on ethical decision-making.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Axel Abels, Tom Lenaerts, Vito Trianni, Ann Nowe
Summary: Many real-world problems can be formulated as decision-making problems, and multiple expert opinions can help make correct decisions. This paper proposes a new algorithmic approach based on contextual multi-armed bandit problems to identify and counteract biased expertise.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Vivek H. Sridhar, Liang Li, Dan Gorbonos, Mate Nagy, Bianca R. Schell, Timothy Sorochkin, Nir S. Gov, Iain D. Couzin
Summary: The study reveals that animals make multichoice decisions by breaking them into a series of binary decisions in space-time, with spontaneous and abrupt critical transitions occurring during the process. This happens across different taxa and ecological contexts, demonstrating fundamental geometric principles underlying animal decision-making.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Julie S. Miller
Summary: The study investigated the ecological costs and benefits of collective decisions among socially parasitic kidnapping ants. It found that colonies benefit from raiding most nests they find within a brief period, favoring host quantity over quality. These findings demonstrate how ecological constraints can alter collective decision-making processes.
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chi-Fai Lo, Ho-Yan Ip
Summary: This study reformulated the Leaky Competing Accumulator (LCA) model with multiple alternatives based on the stochastic Gompertz law of population growth, ensuring the positive-definiteness of evidence accumulation, and successfully derived the N-dimensional joint probability density function and marginal probability density function for each alternative. By constructing a likelihood function using the joint probability density function, model-fitting procedures become feasible, and it was demonstrated that calibrating model parameters based on Monte Carlo simulated time series is efficient and accurate. Furthermore, the proposed Lie-algebraic approach can also be applied to tackle the modified LCA model with time-varying parameters.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Gael Poux-Medard, Sergio Cobo-Lopez, Jordi Duch, Roger Guimera, Marta Sales-Pardo
Summary: Many studies have shown regularities in human decision-making, but accurately predicting unobserved decisions remains a challenge. The research found that people tend to rely on recent information to guess market trends, and identified a set of strategies used by players that are analogous to behaviors observed in other contexts.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard P. Mann
Summary: Social animals can improve decision-making by observing others, but must balance the benefits with the costs of obtaining and processing social information. Research suggests that animals may rely on simplified social information to influence their social behavior, and a hybrid strategy may provide an accurate approximation to the optimal decision-making policy. The evolutionary stability of different decision-making strategies varies depending on cognitive costs, with the hybrid strategy dominating when costs are low but non-zero.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yannic Guenzel, Felix B. Oberhauser, Einat Couzin-Fuchs
Summary: This study used high-resolution trajectory data to track individual and group behavior of locusts. It was found that locusts balance different evidence and reinforce congruent ones when foraging and selecting food. These results provide insights into collective decision-making in social insects and highlight the importance of locusts as an empirical system for studying individual choices and collective dynamics.
Article
Cell Biology
Xiaodong Li, Ruixin Su, Yilin Chen, Tianming Yang
Summary: This study establishes a value-based theoretical framework for studying uncertainty and perceptual decisions. By adapting the random-dot motion direction discrimination task, participants were able to indicate their uncertainty before making a decision. The addition of an uncertainty option was found to affect perceptual decision making.
Article
Environmental Studies
Fengwei Dai, Dan Wang, Ksenia Kirillova
Summary: This study explores the concept of travel inspiration and its role in travel decision-making. It suggests that travel inspiration is a motivational state that drives tourists to bring new travel ideas into realization and can provide a shortcut in decision-making. The research on travel inspiration helps us understand the neglected dreaming phase and irrational aspects of tourist decision-making.
TOURISM MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Celia C. Beron, Shay Q. Neufeld, Scott W. Linderman, Bernardo L. Sabatini
Summary: In probabilistic and nonstationary environments, mice use internal and external cues to make decisions. The behavior of mice in a task with time-varying reward probabilities is both deterministic and stochastic. Modeling their behavior through equivalent models reveals that mice achieve near-maximal reward rates.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Grzegorz Miebs, Milosz Kadzinski
Summary: The researchers propose a heuristic method for constructing compromise incomplete rankings based on partial rankings allowing for incomparability. The algorithms utilize various optimization techniques and are demonstrated to be effective through a real-world case study and experimental comparisons on artificially generated problems.
INFORMATION SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Jindong Qin, Yingying Liang
Summary: Most real-life group decision making issues involve incomplete assessments under hierarchical criteria due to limited knowledge and experience of decision makers, which entail diverse challenges including information filling, consensus reaching and preference fusion. To cope with them, an incomplete information-filling method is first presented based on the objective data and subjective willing. Then to improve the flexibility and compatibility, a novel group consensus measurement is defined based on the norm theory, which considers the influence of label preference ignored by the distance-based consensus measurements. Finally, differently from the existing group decision making methods that infer a consensus result through aggregating all individual preferences, this study develops a consensus driven preference analysis framework to derive the preference relationships among alternatives and further obtain the final ranking result using the representative value function. An application example of a sustainable supplier selection is carried out to illustrate the proposed methodology, and sensitivity and comparative analyses are performed to exhibit its flexibility and effectiveness.
COMPUTERS & INDUSTRIAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Economics
Giacomo Lanzani
Summary: The author presents an axiomatization of risk models focusing on the sensitivity of decision makers to correlation, extending conjoint measurement techniques and relaxing transitivity. A simple axiomatization for the salience theory model is provided in the general framework, allowing for clear comparisons to existing models and distinguishing salience theory by the ordering property from prospect theory.
QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hui Jiang, Ching Hua Lee
Summary: This paper proposes a simple and robust approach for constructing models that fill up generic prescribed regions. By utilizing specially designed non-Hermitian random couplings, this method can mathematically emulate the effects of semi-infinite boundaries and has higher locality compared to known random matrix ensembles.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ching Hua Lee
Summary: This Letter introduces a new class of robust states called exceptional bound (EB) states, which are characterized by anomalous occupation probabilities and negative entanglement entropy contributions. The occurrence of EB states is related to non-Hermitian exceptional points and the coalescence of eigenstates, rather than relying on topological protection or nonreciprocal pumping.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Linhu Li, Ching Hua Lee
Summary: This work discovers a novel origin for pseudo-gaps when boundaries are introduced in a non-Hermitian lattice, which do not exist in Hermitian systems. Pseudo-gaps can host mid-gap modes and exhibit extreme sensitivity to symmetry-breaking perturbations.
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Jin Ming Koh, Tommy Tai, Yong Han Phee, Wei En Ng, Ching Hua Lee
Summary: In this work, we demonstrate through IBM quantum computers how more fermions than the number of topological modes can be robustly stabilized through specially designed 2-fermion interactions. Our study showcases how advances in quantum algorithm implementation enable noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices to be exploited for topological stabilization beyond the context of single-particle topological invariants.
NPJ QUANTUM INFORMATION
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Paolo Glorioso, Jinkang Guo, Joaquin F. Rodriguez-Nieva, Andrew Lucas
Summary: Hydrodynamics is a universal effective theory that describes the thermalization of chaotic many-body systems. The article presents the nonlinear fluctuating hydrodynamics of models with simultaneous charge/mass, dipole/centre of mass and momentum conservation. It also discusses the emergence of an unconventional dynamical universality class as thermal fluctuations destroy hydrodynamic behavior below four spatial dimensions.
Article
Optics
Jiawei Wang, Sreeramulu Valligatla, Yin Yin, Lukas Schwarz, Mariana Medina-Sanchez, Stefan Baunack, Ching Hua Lee, Ronny Thomale, Shilong Li, Vladimir M. Fomin, Libo Ma, Oliver G. Schmidt
Summary: The Mobius strip offers a platform for investigating the topological behavior of spinning particles, such as electrons, polaritons, and photons. Despite theoretical investigations, the optical Berry phase in a Mobius-strip cavity has not been experimentally observed until now. In this study, the researchers successfully observed the Berry phase generated in optical Mobius-strip microcavities by generating elliptical polarization of the resonating light.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Tong Su, Ching Hua Lee, San-Dong Guo, Guangzhao Wang, Wee-Liat Ong, Liemao Cao, Weiwei Zhao, Shengyuan A. Yang, Yee Sin Ang
Summary: Janus niobium oxydihalide (NbOXY) is a multifunctional anisotropic semiconductor with exceptional properties in piezoelectricity, photocatalysis, optoelectronics, and sustainable energy applications. It exhibits stable and flexible monolayers with a band gap in the visible light regime. NbOXY has an exceptionally high anisotropic carrier mobility and large deformation potential, making it suitable for strain sensing applications. It also demonstrates strong piezoelectricity in both in-plane and out-of-plane directions, as well as strong optical absorption and linear optical dichroism in the visible-to-ultraviolet regime. Its compatibility with water splitting and high absorption peaks in the deep UV regime make it a promising material for solar-to-hydrogen conversion. Our findings highlight the exceptional potential of NbOXY for various functional device applications.
MATERIALS TODAY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Haiyu Meng, Jeremy Lim, Lingling Wang, Ching Hua Lee, Yee Sin Ang
Summary: In this paper, we propose a mechanism to continuously reconfigure a resonator using a phase-change material, enabling efficient spectra modulation. By incorporating a phase-change material VO2 substrate into a photonic crystal, the system behaves as a one-port device with near-perfect absorption and a two-port device with high transmission when VO2 is in different phases. The switching operation of the proposed device can be expanded into the mid-infrared regime, and it is compatible with wide-angle operation and robust against structural distortion.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
L. K. Ang, Yee Sin Ang, Ching Hua Lee
Summary: We present the theory of out-of-plane (or vertical) electron thermal-field emission from two-dimensional (2D) semimetals. We show that the current-voltage-temperature characteristic is well captured by a universal scaling relation applicable for broad classes of 2D semimetals. Our findings reveal that band topologies in two spatial dimension are indistinguishable from each other and bear no special signature in electron emission characteristics. These findings provide theoretical foundations for the design of 2D-material-based vacuum nanoelectronics.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jiangbin Gong, Ching Hua Lee
Summary: A nonlinear optical approach allows for picosecond control of a complex band structure, inducing a non-Hermitian topological phase transition across an exceptional-point singularity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Fang Qin, Ye Ma, Ruizhe Shen, Ching Hua Lee
Summary: Recently, it has been discovered that certain non-Hermitian systems exhibit different properties at different system sizes, known as the critical non-Hermitian skin effect (cNHSE). This effect arises due to the competition between non-Hermitian pumping channels and can be observed in non-Hermitian metamaterials and circuit arrays. In this study, a size-dependent generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ) is developed for a multicomponent cNHSE model, showing a universal scaling behavior. Analytical estimates of the scaling rate and the critical size for cNHSE scaling are provided, demonstrating good empirical fit with two paradigmatic models.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Hendrik Hohmann, Tobias Hofmann, Tobias Helbig, Stefan Imhof, Hauke Brand, Lavi K. Upreti, Alexander Stegmaier, Alexander Fritzsche, Tobias Mueller, Udo Schwingenschloegl, Ching Hua Lee, Martin Greiter, Laurens W. Molenkamp, Tobias Kiessling, Ronny Thomale
Summary: We observe a localized cnoidal (LCn) state in an electric circuit network, formed from the interplay of nonlinearity and topology inherent to a Su-Schrieffer-Heeger (SSH) chain of inductors. The LCn state is a distorted version of the topological SSH boundary state, showing a decrease in cnoidal eccentricity from edge to bulk in the nonlinear regime. Varicap diodes serve as voltage-dependent capacitors in the circuit, creating a nonlinear on-site potential which leads to the voltage response following the Korteweg-de Vries equation for sinusoidal voltage excitation near midgap frequency.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hanxu Zhang, Tian Chen, Linhu Li, Ching Hua Lee, Xiangdong Zhang
Summary: Non-Hermitian systems, which reveal physics beyond the Hermitian regime, have attracted great interest. The non-Hermitian skin effect, a remarkable physical phenomenon, has been theoretically proposed and recently demonstrated in electrical circuit networks, offering a potential avenue for controlling electrical signals in circuit networks. The ability to observe nonreciprocal transport of probability for electrical signals and the demonstrated robustness of the proposed topological switch in the presence of perturbations highlight the significance of this study, which could have applications in integrated circuit design.
Article
Optics
Fang Qin, Ruizhe Shen, Ching Hua Lee
Summary: Recent experiments in non-Hermitian ultracold atomic lattices have shown potential for realizing exotic many-body quantum phenomena. In this study, we propose and investigate a new non-Hermitian phenomenon called polaron squeezing. We find that it involves an accumulation of fermions around an interacting impurity in a background of non-Hermitian reciprocity-breaking hoppings. Unlike Hermitian polarons, the squeezed polarons asymmetrically localize in the opposite direction of non-Hermitian pumping and significantly modify the entire spectrum. These squeezed polarons exist in the bulk and appear in the long-time steady state, unlike Hermitian polarons which are only present in the ground state. Our findings have implications for the realization of many-body states in ultracold atomic setups.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Chao Yin, Andrew Lucas
Summary: This article proves that quantum information propagates at a finite velocity in models of interacting bosons, and provides an extension of this result in one-dimensional models. The findings are relevant for physically realistic initial conditions in experimentally realized models of interacting bosons.