Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW E
Volume 86, Issue 1, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.86.011111
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Funding
- German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF)
- US-Israel Binational Science Foundation (BSF)
- Israel Science Foundation (ISF)
- Converging Technologies Program
- Humboldt Foundation
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We obtain the Crooks and the Jarzynski nonequilibrium fluctuation relations using a direct quantum-mechanical approach for a finite system that is either isolated or coupled not too strongly to a heat bath. These results were hitherto derived mostly in the classical limit. The two main ingredients in the picture are the time-reversal symmetry and the application of the first law to the case where an agent performs work on the system. No further assumptions regarding stochastic or Markovian behavior are necessary, neither a master equation or a classical phase-space picture are required. The simplicity and the generality of these nonequilibrium relations are demonstrated, giving very simple insights into the physics.
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