Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Fanshu Fang, Jing Ma, Yanli Li
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to conflicting opinions on physical distancing in social media, which has influenced human behavior and the disease transmission dynamics significantly. Using a UAP-SIS model, this study explored the interaction between conflicting opinions and epidemic spreading in multiplex networks, where individual behavior is based on diverse opinions. The model differentiated susceptibility and infectivity among unaware, pro-physical distancing, and anti-physical distancing individuals, incorporating three mechanisms for generating individual awareness. The findings revealed that the transmission of the disease is shaped by conflicting opinions, and awareness-generating mechanisms can help reduce the epidemic's prevalence.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Horacio Serna, Wojciech T. Gozdz, Eva G. Noya
Summary: Periodic modulated phases, such as cluster-crystal and lamellar phases, can be promoted by confinement in narrow slit pores, with the ability to remain stable at higher temperatures compared to the bulk system. Particle diffusion under confinement shows a complex dependence on pore width and density, resulting in varied diffusion coefficient values compared to the bulk system.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Muhammad Asaduzzaman, Simon Catterall
Summary: We numerically simulate a four-dimensional quantum gravity model using combinatorial triangulations to approximate the path integral over continuous Euclidean metrics. By mapping out the phase diagram in a two-dimensional parameter space, we find a line of first-order phase transitions with decreasing latent heat as the coupling lc tends to infinity. The critical line exhibits a Hausdorff dimension approaching DH = 4 for large lc and a spectral dimension consistent with Ds = 32 at short distances. These results suggest a degree of universality in models utilizing degenerate triangulations and/or different measure terms.
Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Daniel Nevo, Malka Gorfine
Summary: This article investigates the causal effects of the Apolipoprotein E epsilon 4 allele (APOE) on late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and death. A new estimation method is proposed for the scenario in which both AD and death are considered as outcomes, based on a stratification of the population and a novel assumption utilizing the time-to-event nature of the data. Nonparametric and semiparametric estimation methods are implemented to study the complex effect of APOE on AD and death.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joan Planas-Iglesias, Filip Opaleny, Pavol Ulbrich, Jan Stourac, Zainab Sanusi, Gaspar P. Pinto, Andrea Schenkmayerova, Jan Byska, Jiri Damborsky, Barbora Kozlikova, David Bednar
Summary: The transplantation of loops between structurally related proteins is a method to improve enzyme activity, specificity, and stability. However, there are limited methods for loop-based rational protein design. The unique dynamism and identification of successful excision points are practical challenges. LoopGrafter is a web server that guides users through the loop grafting process, providing step-by-step procedures for loop identification, calculation of geometry, assessment of similarities and dynamics, and selection of loops for transplantation.
NUCLEIC ACIDS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Kaiyan Peng, Zheng Lu, Vanessa Lin, Michael R. Lindstrom, Christian Parkinson, Chuntian Wang, Andrea L. Bertozzi, Mason A. Porter
Summary: In this study, we constructed a two-layer multiplex network for the coupled spread of disease and conflicting opinions. We found that opinion dynamics can influence disease transmission, lengthening the duration of holding an opinion may suppress disease transmission, and increasing cross-layer or intra-layer correlations of node degrees may reduce the number of individuals infected with the disease.
MATHEMATICAL MODELS & METHODS IN APPLIED SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Fabian Baumann, Philipp Lorenz-Spreen, Igor M. Sokolov, Michele Starnini
Summary: Opinion polarization is increasing, with extreme opinions on different topics often showing significant correlations. A proposed model demonstrates the emergence of ideological opinion states in a multidimensional space, highlighting the impact of social interactions and topic controversialness on opinion formation. The findings shed light on the mechanisms driving the emergence of ideology in the formation of opinions.
Editorial Material
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Benjamin L. Turner
Summary: A 3-year field experiment indicates that plant responses to elevated CO2 in phosphorus-limited grasslands rely on the biogeochemical interplay between soil microbes and plants.
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Suhas Kumar, Xinxin Wang, John Paul Strachan, Yuchao Yang, Wei D. Lu
Summary: Research on electronic devices and materials is driven by the slowdown of transistor scaling and the growth of computing needs. Using devices like memristors to achieve complex dynamics enables new computing architectures with high energy efficiency and computing capacity.
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jianglin Dong, Jiangping Hu, Yiyi Zhao, Yuan Peng
Summary: This study proposes a novel model of expressed and private opinions, taking into account the behavioral characteristics of individuals and the influence of social pressure on opinion formation. The simulation results show that increasing social pressure leads to consensus formation in the group, but individual private opinions and behaviors exhibit polarization.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2024)
Editorial Material
Behavioral Sciences
Ralf Engbert, Maximilian M. Rabe, Lisa Schwetlick, Stefan A. Seelig, Sebastian Reich, Shravan Vasishth
Summary: Dynamical cognitive models make assumptions about cognitive processes that generate human behavior, and these models are tested against time-ordered data using data assimilation. Recent progress in Bayesian data assimilation shows the combination of statistical modeling of individual differences and dynamical cognitive models.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Statistics & Probability
Eric S. Kawaguchi, Jenny Shen, Marc A. Suchard, Gang Li
Summary: This article presents two orthogonal contributions to scalable sparse regression for competing risks time-to-event data. The first contribution involves accelerating the broken adaptive ridge method (BAR) and addressing computational issues related to fitting the PSH model. New algorithms are introduced, including a cycBAR regression algorithm and a forward-backward scan algorithm, which significantly reduce computation costs and yield impressive speedups. The combination of these two algorithms can result in over 1000 fold speedups over the original BAR algorithm, demonstrating impressive scalability for large competing risks data.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND GRAPHICAL STATISTICS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Victor E. L. A. Duca, Thais C. O. Fonseca, Fernando L. Cyrino Oliveira
Summary: The study models wind speed using dynamic Weibull and Gamma state space models and derives filtering, smoothing, and prediction equations. Efficient simulation is achieved through the beta prime distribution for fast online wind speed forecasting. Results suggest that the dynamic Gamma model competes well with the Weibull model in wind speed prediction.
RENEWABLE & SUSTAINABLE ENERGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Sebastian Springer, Heikki Haario, Jouni Susiluoto, Aleksandr Bibov, Andrew Davis, Youssef Marzouk
Summary: This study discusses the challenges of estimating parameters in chaotic geophysical models and proposes a Bayesian inference method that measures model-data mismatch and utilizes surrogate models. Computational experiments show a significant reduction in the time required for accurate inference.
GEOSCIENTIFIC MODEL DEVELOPMENT
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yinghui Wei, Malgorzata Wojtys, Lexy Sorrell, Peter Rowe
Summary: This article proposes copula survival models to estimate hazard ratios and the association between events. The study finds that copula survival models outperform the Cox proportional hazards model when estimating non-terminal event hazard ratios and including covariates in the association parameter improves the estimation.
STATISTICAL METHODS IN MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ben-Hur Francisco Cardoso, Sebastian Goncalves, Jose Roberto Iglesias
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2020)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Carolina de Abreu, Sebastian Goncalves, Bruno Requiao da Cunha
Summary: This study conducts attack experiments on networks with different levels of modularity, showing an inverse relationship between network resilience and modularity. High modularity increases the risk of targeted attacks on the network, while under low modularity, various heuristic strategies perform similarly to random attacks.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alexsandro M. Carvalho, Sebastian Goncalves, Janaina Ruffoni, Jose Roberto Iglesias
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Alexsandro M. Carvalho, Sebastian Goncalves
Summary: The article presents an analytical solution for the SIR model introduced by Kermack-McKendrick in 1927, comparing it with numerical solutions to show excellent agreement. The method also allows for the analytical representation of fundamental quantities such as the time of infection peak and the fraction of immunized individuals needed to stop the epidemic.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Mathematics, Applied
Jose Roberto Iglesias, Ben-Hur Francisco Cardoso, Sebastian Goncalves
Summary: Social and economic inequality is worsening in the 21st century, with wealth becoming concentrated among a small group while the rest of the world shares only a fraction of resources. Economic models suggest that wealth distribution results from exchanges among economic agents, leading to a condensed state where a few agents possess the majority of wealth. Regulatory policies favoring the poorest agents and tax systems can help prevent this condensed state and address inequalities.
COMMUNICATIONS IN NONLINEAR SCIENCE AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ben-Hur Francisco Cardoso, Sebastian Goncalves
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, SIR models and their variants are highly sought after for predicting case numbers in urban areas. We found that the transmission rate of COVID-19 scales with the logarithm of the local population size, contrary to typical epidemic modeling assumptions. Through analysis of large amounts of data, a universal contact rate scaling theory for human-to-human transmission diseases was proposed.
Article
Physics, Applied
Maria Lujan Iglesias, Mukesh Tiwari, V. M. Kenkre, Sebastian Goncalves
Summary: The microscopic origin of friction is a significant topic in science and technology, with some aspects still remaining unsolved. By studying a simple 1D system, we have shed light on possible mechanisms for the emergence of friction at the macroscopic level, demonstrating that this simple model can exhibit rich and nontrivial behavior.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Guillermo Abramson, Marcelo F. da Costa Gomes, Sebastian Goncalves
Summary: Traditional epidemic models with constant infection and recovery rates do not accurately reflect real-world infectious diseases. Our study demonstrates that introducing seasonality into the SIRS model leads to transitions between endemic and oscillating situations, which is relevant for real epidemics.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ben-Hur Francisco Cardoso, Jose Roberto Iglesias, Sebastian Goncalves
Summary: The text discusses models of wealth distribution evolution where economic agents interact and exchange wealth in a binary fashion. It is noted that in unbiased markets, where each agent has an equal chance of winning, the system will inevitably reach perfect inequality and zero mobility.
PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julian Nener, Ben-Hur Francisco Cardoso, Maria Fabiana Laguna, Sebastian Goncalves, Jose Roberto Iglesias
Summary: Genetic machine learning algorithms in the Yard-Sale model can find optimal strategies, but the more rational agents, the greater the inequality at the collective level. To address this, a taxation-redistribution mechanism is introduced, but rational agents lead to increased inequality.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alvaro F. Martins, Bruno R. da Cunha, Quentin S. Hanley, Sebastian Goncalves, Matjaz Perc, Haroldo Ribeiro
Summary: This study investigated corruption networks related to political scandals in Spain and Brazil and found that these networks shared common structural and dynamical properties. The authors also proposed a simple model that demonstrated how corruption networks operate near a critical recidivism rate.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Haroldo Ribeiro, Diego D. Lopes, Arthur A. B. Pessa, Alvaro F. Martins, Bruno R. da Cunha, Sebastian Goncalves, Ervin K. Lenzi, Quentin S. Hanley, Matjaz Perc
Summary: Recent advances in deep learning have allowed researchers to develop algorithms for analyzing and modeling complex networks. This study explores the potential of graph convolutional networks in predicting various properties of criminal networks, and shows impressive accuracy in recovering missing partnerships, distinguishing types of associations, predicting monetary exchanges, and anticipating partnerships and recidivism in corruption networks. The deep learning models outperform shallow learning approaches and provide high-quality embeddings for node and edge properties. Additionally, the models inherit the advantages of the GraphSAGE framework, including generalization to unseen nodes and scalability for large graph structures.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jose Roberto Iglesias, Ben-Hur Francisco Cardoso, Sebastian Goncalves
Summary: Extreme inequality poses a threat to impoverished individuals and economic growth. Despite efforts to promote equal opportunities, wealth tends to concentrate in the hands of a privileged few. Scholars are now advocating for a stronger role of the state in the economy, using mechanisms such as taxation and redistribution to reduce inequality.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
S. R. Souza, R. Donangelo, W. G. Lynch, M. B. Tsang
Summary: In the statistical multifragmentation model, nuclear isoscaling analysis is extended to constrain the ratio between the sizes of decaying sources formed in collisions between heavy ions. The probabilities of observing n fragments in each event for each source follow a scaling law, with the slope sensitive to source sizes. Finite size effects and deexcitation of hot primary fragments have minimal impact on the observed scaling behavior, with the Poisson distribution providing a good approximation to the probabilities of observing fragments.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Eduardo J. Aguilar, Valmir C. Barbosa, Raul Donangelo, Sergio R. Souza
Summary: Bacterial quorum sensing involves communication through molecules among bacteria, affecting gene expression and community properties. A network model is introduced to study the coevolution of genotypes, focusing on the trade-off between producers and nonproducers of public goods. The results suggest a complex interaction of factors determining the long-term survival of producer genotypes.
