Journal
PHYSICAL REVIEW E
Volume 85, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
AMER PHYSICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevE.85.031135
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Funding
- Universidad de Barcelona
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion (Spain)
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- Junta de Andalucia [P07-FQM02725]
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The probability distribution function for an out of equilibrium system may sometimes be approximated by a physically motivated trial distribution. A particularly interesting case is when a driven system (e. g., active matter) is approximated by a thermodynamic one. We show here that every set of trial distributions yields an inequality playing the role of a generalization of the second law. The better the approximation is, the more constraining the inequality becomes: this suggests a criterion for its accuracy, as well as an optimization procedure that may be implemented numerically and even experimentally. The fluctuation relation behind this inequality, a natural and practical extension of the Hatano-Sasa theorem, does not rely on the a priori knowledge of the stationary probability distribution.
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