Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
P. O. Sukhachov, L. Glazman
Summary: We evaluate the sound attenuation in a Weyl semimetal under the influence of a magnetic field or strain-induced pseudomagnetic field, finding that these fields generally decrease sound absorption. Materials with nonsymmetric Weyl nodes may exhibit magnetic sound dichroism due to the relative direction of the magnetic field and sound wave vector. Additionally, sound dichroism in Weyl materials can also be activated by an external pseudomagnetic field induced by strain.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
X. Fu, Q. Shi, M. A. Zudov, G. C. Gardner, J. D. Watson, M. J. Manfra, K. W. Baldwin, L. N. Pfeiffer, K. W. West
Summary: Anomalous nematic states, discovered in ultraclean two-dimensional electron gas, emerge from quantum Hall stripe phases upon further cooling. These states are characterized by specific resistance features in nearly half-filled Landau levels, and a modest in-plane magnetic field can destroy these states and restore quantum Hall stripe phases.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
G. Yu. Prokhorov, O. V. Teryaev, V. I. Zakharov
Summary: In this paper, the Kinematical vortical effect (KVE) transport coefficients are studied using the Zubarev quantum-statistical density operator for the Rarita-Schwinger-Adler theory. The relationship with the gravitational anomaly is demonstrated and a prediction is made about the possible form of the transport coefficients for massless fields with arbitrary spin.
News Item
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Paraskevas Tzallas
Summary: Strongly laser-driven quantum correlated many-body systems result in the production of light that exhibits exotic quantum features, with the quantumness of the many-body system being imprinted on the emitted light.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
T. Asaba, V Ivanov, S. M. Thomas, S. Y. Savrasov, J. D. Thompson, E. D. Bauer, F. Ronning
Summary: In UCo0.8Ru0.2Al, a colossal anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) is observed due to strong electronic correlations from uranium's 5f electrons and narrow bands, leading to a large thermoelectric response. Additionally, uranium's strong spin-orbit coupling results in an intrinsic transverse response in this material related to the Berry curvature associated with the relativistic electronic structure.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Moritz Greif, Carsten Greiner, Simon Plaetzer, Bjorn Schenke, Soeren Schlichting
Summary: This paper presents the chain of steps required for an event-by-event description of hadron production in high energy hadronic and nuclear collisions, starting from incoming nuclei described in the color glass condensate effective theory. The gluon fields of the glasma are created through their collision, with individual gluons then sampled and clustered using a new spacetime based algorithm. The clusters are fed into the Herwig event generator for hadronization, with discussions on physical implications of smearing and problems with the quasiparticle picture for the processes studied. Spectra of charged hadrons and identified particles are computed, along with their azimuthal momentum anisotropies, addressing systematic uncertainties due to a general lack of detailed knowledge on the hadronization mechanism.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Paul Caucal, Yacine Mehtar-Tani
Summary: This study investigates the quantum corrections on the transverse momentum broadening of a fast parton passing through dense QCD matter. It is shown that, at leading logarithmic accuracy, the broadening distribution tends to a universal distribution that only depends on a single scaling variable at late times or for large system sizes. The typical transverse momentum scale increases with time, and the process exhibits super-diffusion. The scaling distribution also shows a heavy tail similar to Levy random walks at large transverse momentum.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Duthie, Sthitadhi Roy, David E. Logan
Summary: We numerically demonstrate the emergence of a robust and unusual multifractal regime in a one-dimensional quantum chain. The structure of these multifractal states differs from conventional ones, and their presence also affects the dynamics.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
P. O. Sukhachov, L. Glazman
Summary: The response of a Weyl or Dirac semimetal to an electromagnetic field becomes nonlocal due to the activation of chiral anomaly by a static magnetic field. This nonlocality is developed under the conditions of the normal skin effect and is related to the imbalance in valley charge caused by the joint effect of the impinging wave's electric field and the static magnetic field. We elucidate the signatures of this nonlocality in the transmission of electromagnetic waves, including the enhancement of transmission amplitude and its specific dependence on the frequency and magnetic field strength.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Berndt Mueller, Di-Lun Yang
Summary: This study explores the important yet often overlooked role of gluons in spin transport, particularly in quark gluon plasmas, and its connection to local parity violation. By applying the formalism of quantum kinetic theory to weakly coupled quantum chromodynamics, the source terms for quark spin polarization are derived. These source terms involve parity-odd correlators of dynamically generated color fields in near-equilibrium quark gluon plasmas, resulting in locally fluctuating axial charge currents. The results provide a possible explanation for the spin alignment of vector mesons measured in high-energy nuclear collisions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yu Pan, Congcong Le, Bin He, Sarah J. Watzman, Mengyu Yao, Johannes Gooth, Joseph P. Heremans, Yan Sun, Claudia Felser
Summary: YbMnBi2, a canted antiferromagnet, demonstrates a large anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) conductivity, making it a promising candidate for thermoelectric energy conversion applications. Its unique structure guarantees a large ANE and significantly lower magnetization compared to general ferromagnets.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Fabian R. Geisenhof, Felix Winterer, Anna M. Seiler, Jakob Lenz, Tianyi Xu, Fan Zhang, R. Thomas Weitz
Summary: In this study, a state with a conductance of 2e(2)h(-1) in bilayer graphene was discovered, exhibiting magnetic hysteresis and QAH behavior driven by orbital magnetism that can be tuned via electric and magnetic fields. The observed octet of QAH phases in bilayer graphene displays peculiar ferrimagnetic and ferrielectric order characterized by quantized anomalous charge, spin, valley and spin-valley Hall behavior.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Takuya Okugawa, Tanay Nag, Dante M. Kennes
Summary: This study examines the transport properties of magnetically doped topological insulator thin films under correlated nonmagnetic disorder. The results show that different orientations of quasiperiodicity can lead to different topological phase transitions, including quantum anomalous Hall insulator, quantum spin Chern insulator, and quantum spin Hall insulator phases.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Bart Coppens, Tom E. R. Belpaire, Jiri Pesek, Hans P. Steenackers, Herman Ramon, Bart Smeets
Summary: Biofilms containing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) can limit the penetration of antimicrobial treatment. To address this issue, functionalized nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed as carriers for antimicrobial delivery. By using microscopy and modeling, we found that the structure of Salmonella biofilms affects the diffusion and distribution of NPs, with spatial gradients in diffusivity trapping NPs near bacteria. This study suggests that both biofilm structure and EPS level can impact the effectiveness of NP drug delivery, where low EPS levels may enhance delivery and high EPS levels may hinder it.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Tatiana Kuznetsova, Mahni Mueller, Saskia F. Fischer, Roman Engel-Herbert
Summary: In this study, the synthesis and electronic properties of correlated metal CaVO3 thin films grown by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy were reported. The films were grown by supplying elemental Ca and metalorganic precursor vanadium oxitriisopropoxide on LaAlO3 substrates at 900 ? temperature. A specific surface reconstruction was observed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, indicating the presence of a self-regulated growth regime. The stoichiometric CaVO3 films grown within the growth window exhibited atomically flat surfaces and low electrical resistivities at low temperatures.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Tal Amitay-Rosen, Yaniv Shilo, Ishai Dror, Brian Berkowitz
Summary: The choice of stent diameter and single/tandem configuration has little impact on renal pressure under extrinsic ureteral obstruction and stent occlusion. Stent failure rate is independent of stent diameter or configuration, and may decrease for larger diameter stents or tandem configurations.
JOURNAL OF ENDOUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Aaron Brewer, Ishai Dror, Brian Berkowitz
Summary: Rare earth elements (REEs) from electronic waste (E-waste) may pose a threat of environmental pollution, but in most cases, the mobility of REEs in the environment is low, with only release observed under acidic conditions. The presence of natural or anthropogenic nanoparticles may influence the behavior of REEs during leaching and transport.
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Tal Amitay-Rosen, Ishai Dror, Yaniv Shilo, Brian Berkowitz
Summary: This study aims to quantify the amount of external and internal encrustation in representative ureteral stents, investigate their correlations, mineral structure, and chemical composition, and explore the potential impact of stent lumen encrustation on stent functioning. The findings reveal that significant stent lumen encrustation can occur, even when the external stent wall is free of encrustation.
RESEARCH AND REPORTS IN UROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ilan Ben-Noah, Shmulik P. Friedman, Brian Berkowitz
Summary: Gas saturation degree and flow patterns are crucial for modeling and designing multiphase systems. However, predicting gas distribution and flow pattern remains challenging. This study identifies the main factors governing air saturation and flow patterns, showing that the flow pattern is mainly affected by the ratio of viscous to gravitational forces. The meta-analysis also indicates a strong correlation between steady air saturation degree and flow velocity, as well as grain diameter.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Andrology
Yaniv Shilo, Udi Willenz, Brian Berkowitz
Summary: This study examined the potential effectiveness and safety of a newly designed fully intraureteral stent. The initial in vivo evaluation in a pig model demonstrated that the stent design did not cause significant biological abnormalities and showed potential as an alternative to currently available stents for multiple indications.
TRANSLATIONAL ANDROLOGY AND UROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yuval Avda, Igal Shpunt, Jonathan Modai, Dan Leibovici, Brian Berkowitz, Yaniv Shilo
Summary: This study retrospectively reviewed patient files to identify risk factors associated with surgical intervention in ureterolithiasis patients. By considering risk factors such as serum creatinine levels and duration of symptoms, the likelihood of surgical intervention can be predicted, potentially reducing the use of Non-Contrast Computed Tomography (NCCT) scans.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Igal Shpunt, Hadar Pratt Aloni, Nelli Khanukaeva, Pearl Herskovitz, Ishai Dror, Brian Berkowitz, Dan Leibovici, Yaniv Shilo
Summary: Urolithiasis is a common disease with a high recurrence rate. By analyzing clinical and laboratory data, it was found that surgical intervention, baseline serum calcium and uric acid levels, and stone location were risk factors for recurrence of urinary stones. These findings can be used to develop personalized follow-up protocols.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ralf Metzler, Ashish Rajyaguru, Brian Berkowitz
Summary: In this study, we investigate the dynamics of the concentration profile in a one-dimensional, semi-infinite disordered system connected to a reservoir of tracer particles kept at constant concentration. By using the Montroll-Weiss equation and the fractional diffusion equation, we obtain analytical expressions for the concentration profile and derive the tracer flux and breakthrough curve. We demonstrate a long-time power-law behavior for the residual breakthrough curves and compare it with experimental measurements.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Behzad Ghanbarian, Yashar Mehmani, Brian Berkowitz
Summary: This study investigates the influence of pore-wall roughness on contaminant migration through particle tracking simulations and analyzes the resulting arrival time distributions using the CTRW approach. The results show that pore-wall roughness has a significant impact on the parameters t(1) and D, while the Peclet number has a greater impact on v and D.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ilan Ben-Noah, Shmulik P. Friedman, Brian Berkowitz
Summary: The dynamics of air flow in partially water-saturated, porous geological formations are influenced by various forces and parameters. Reliable gas-liquid flow models are important for understanding the role of gases in earth systems and engineering practices involving air injection. However, existing modeling approaches have limitations in capturing the complexity of air flow in wet porous media. Continuum models, such as Darcy's law, are suitable for single-phase flow in saturated media but not for two-phase flow. Pore-scale models require extensive computational efforts and lack accessible details on medium characteristics. Stochastically-based representations show limited success in interpreting phase configurations and saturation degrees.
REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Marco Dentz, James W. Kirchner, Erwin Zehe, Brian Berkowitz
Summary: In this study, we investigate anomalous transport in a hydrological catchment system over a 36-year period at kilometer scales. Using spectral analysis, we examine the fluctuation scaling of long-term time series measurements of chloride, a natural passive tracer, for rainfall and runoff. The findings suggest that the scaling behavior can be described by a continuous time random walk (CTRW) based on a power-law distribution of transition times, indicating the presence of two distinct power-law regimes in the overall travel time distribution in the catchment. The CTRW framework provides a means to assess anomalous transport in catchments and its implications for water quality fluctuations.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Yaniv S. Ovadia, Ishai Dror, Gad Liberty, Hadar Gavra-Shlissel, Eyal Y. Anteby, Stephen Fox, Brian Berkowitz, Efraim Zohav
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between rubidium concentration in amniotic fluid during the second trimester and newborn birthweight in the third trimester. The findings suggest that low rubidium concentrations in midpregnancy are associated with lower birthweight percentile. Therefore, rubidium concentration in amniotic fluid could serve as an important marker for early identification of pregnancy outcomes.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY MFM
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Jonathan Modai, Yaniv Shilo, Dan Leibovici, Ishai Dror, Vyacheslav Kalchenko, Brian Berkowitz
Summary: In this in vitro study, we found that ureteral stents with different diameters have the same effectiveness in draining pus from obstructed kidneys. Therefore, the common perception that larger diameter tubes are more effective in such circumstances should be re-examined.
WORLD JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Brian Berkowitz
Summary: This passage discusses the issue of chemical transport in subsurface geological formations, pointing out that the current models have shortcomings in addressing the heterogeneity of the domain and the unresolved, practically unmeasurable heterogeneities at different scales. It suggests that an explicit consideration of temporal information and the use of measurements at similar scales are necessary to formulate, calibrate, and apply models effectively.
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Alexander Sternagel, Ralf Loritz, Brian Berkowitz, Erwin Zehe
Summary: In this study, a method called diffusive pore mixing (DIPMI) is proposed to simulate time-delayed diffusive mixing processes on the pore scale. The results show that diffusive mixing in soils depends on the pore size distribution and specific soil water retention properties. Additionally, non-uniform transport and imperfect subscale mixing in a macroscopically homogeneous soil matrix can lead to steep rise and long tailing of breakthrough curves.
HYDROLOGY AND EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCES
(2022)