Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Amin Aboubrahim, Wan-Zhe Feng, Pran Nath, Zhu-Yao Wang
Summary: The study discusses a particle physics model in which dark matter interacts via a dark force with a light dark photon as mediator, explaining the short distance behavior of dark matter at galaxy scales. By studying coupled Boltzmann equations involving two temperatures, the velocity-dependent dark matter cross section is fitted to data from dwarf galaxies to clusters within relic density constraint.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Camacho-Guardian, M. Bastarrachea-Magnani, T. Pohl, G. M. Bruun
Summary: This study investigates collisions between dark-state polaritons in three-level systems and discovers a resonant process that enhances the interactions between polaritons substantially. It provides a promising approach for quantum nonlinear optics.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Wenyu Wang, Wu-Long Xu, Jin Min Yang
Summary: A dark scalar mediator can realize self-interacting dark matter and meet the constraint of the relic density. When the hidden sector is decoupled from the visible sector, the constraints from direct and indirect detections of dark matter are relaxed. The gravitational waves resulted from the first-order phase transition caused by the dark scalar mediator can be used to probe the dark sector.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL PLUS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sreemanti Chakraborti, Jonathan L. Feng, James K. Koga, Mauro Valli
Summary: The gamma factory proposal aims to produce high-energy photon beams at the LHC for discovering weakly-interacting particles. It has the potential to detect couplings lower than other terrestrial experiments and complements astrophysical observations.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Federica Cataldini, Frederik Moller, Mohammadamin Tajik, Joao Sabino, Si-Cong Ji, Igor Mazets, Thomas Schweigler, Bernhard Rauer, Joerg Schmiedmayer
Summary: The relationship between many-body interactions and dimensionality is crucial for understanding emergent quantum phenomena. This study shows that one-dimensional physics can persist into the dimensional crossover towards three-dimensions more significantly than expected. The dominant relaxation mechanism in this system is identified as the one-dimensional dephasing of collective excitations, and it remains dominant even at temperatures exceeding conventional limits of one-dimensionality. The observations suggest that one-dimensional physics is less fragile than previously thought, as it can persist even in the presence of significant perturbations.
Article
Physics, Nuclear
O. S. Stashko, D. Anchishkin, O. Savchuk, M. Gorenstein
Summary: Thermodynamic properties of an interacting system of bosons at finite temperatures and zero chemical potential were studied within the Skyrme-like mean-field model, focusing on the interplay between attractive and repulsive interactions. Various modifications in thermodynamic properties were found as the strength of attractive forces increased, leading to different types of first order phase transitions. While some of these transitions also exist in the Boltzmann approximation, the effects of Bose statistics introduce significant additional changes in the thermodynamic quantities due to the possibility of Bose-Einstein condensation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS G-NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ina Flood, Rafael Porto, Jane Schlesinger, Brian Shuve, Maxwell Thum
Summary: Sterile neutrinos at the GeV scale have crucial implications for the Standard Model, addressing issues such as the origin of neutrino masses and the baryon asymmetry. However, their small couplings to SM particles make them challenging to detect experimentally. In this study, we investigate the impact of novel interactions involving sterile neutrinos on freeze-in leptogenesis. The results indicate that these interactions can significantly reduce the generated asymmetry by bringing the sterile neutrinos into equilibrium at early times. Additionally, observable rates of certain hidden-sector neutrino signatures may contradict the observed baryon asymmetry, providing an opportunity to falsify freeze-in leptogenesis.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vijay Balasubramanian, Jonathan J. Heckman, Elliot Lipeles, Andrew P. Turner
Summary: String theory predicts that the couplings of nature are derived from dynamical fields and may have extra sectors. Tracing over extra sectors can result in the visible sector being in a mixed state, with seemingly irreducible variance in coupling constants. By including this variance in experimental data fits, it can help distinguish scenarios and expand the reach for new physics by considering the interplay between energy range and precision of experiments.
Article
Mathematics
Niels Benedikter, Phan Thanh Nam, Marcello Porta, Benjamin Schlein, Robert Seiringer
Summary: In a scaling regime of high density and weak interaction, the leading order of the correlation energy of a Fermi gas was rigorously derived and verified to be in agreement with the prediction of the random-phase approximation. The method of collective bosonization in three dimensions was refined in this proof. The effective Hamiltonian describing approximately bosonic collective excitations around the Hartree-Fock state was approximately diagonalized, showing that gapless and non-collective excitations have only a negligible effect on the ground state energy.
INVENTIONES MATHEMATICAE
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Evgeniy Khain, Madhavan Iyengar
Summary: This article investigates the spread of epidemics in a spatial metapopulation system composed of weakly interacting patches. Stochastic particle simulations using the SIR model show that the spatial spread of epidemics exhibits a propagating front after a short transient period. Theoretical analysis reveals that the speed of front propagation is determined by an effective diffusion coefficient and the local proliferation rate, similar to fronts described by the Fisher-Kolmogorov equation. To determine the speed of front propagation, analytical computations are conducted for the early-time dynamics in a local patch, assuming a constant disease duration. The resulting delay differential equation is solved to obtain the local growth exponent, and the reaction diffusion equation is derived from the effective master equation to determine the effective diffusion coefficient and the overall proliferation rate. A correction to the front propagation speed is obtained by taking into account the fourth order derivative in the reaction diffusion equation. The analytical results are in good agreement with stochastic particle simulations.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Suresh Chand, Mariana Frank, Poulose Poulose
Summary: In this study, leptogenesis is analyzed in the context of a simple extension of the Standard Model. By introducing two fermions and interacting with three right-handed neutrinos through a charged gauge singlet scalar S, the observed baryon asymmetry of the Universe can be naturally generated.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Allan Sung, Gang Guo, Meng-Ru Wu
Summary: The study investigates constraints on sub-GeV dark sector particles set by proto-neutron star cooling related to the core-collapse supernova event SN1987a. It finds that self-interactions within the dark sector can lead to self-trapping and significantly limit the energy luminosity carried away by dark sector particles. The study also suggests that existing supernova bounds on light dark particles can generally be evaded by a similar self-trapping mechanism.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Michael C. Abbott, Ines Aniceto
Summary: This paper presents the first known integrable relativistic field theories that include interacting massive and massless sectors, highlighting the importance of understanding the massless sector for the spectrum of the massive sector. The authors show that terms in the spectrum polynomial in the spatial volume require the full Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz integral equations, rather than just Liischer-like corrections. The implications of these results for AdS/CFT are noted as motivation for the study, although only field-theory results are presented here.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gabriele Barrera, Paolo Allia, Paola Tiberto, Olimpia Tammaro, Michele Pansini, Antonello Marocco, Maela Manzoli, Giorgia Confalonieri, Rossella Arletti, Serena Esposito
Summary: Divalent Nickel cations were incorporated into two commercial zeolites by ionic exchange, with marginal effects on the host materials' structure and morphology. Magnetic measurements revealed the formation of magnetic clusters in both zeolites.
MICROPOROUS AND MESOPOROUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Theodota Lagouri
Summary: The Standard Model does not provide a natural explanation for Dark Matter, thus requiring the study of hidden or dark sector phenomena. This paper focuses on selected searches related to Higgs Hidden-Dark Sector Physics conducted at LHC experiments, summarizing the current constraints and future prospects.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yang Bai, Daniel Stolarski
Summary: The mechanism proposed in the article allows for obtaining multiple inflection points for the inflaton potential based on the zeros of the inflaton quartic coupling beta function and a sign change of the gauge coupling beta function. A universal inflaton potential is presented that can accommodate observational data and may be tested by upcoming cosmic microwave background observations.
JOURNAL OF COSMOLOGY AND ASTROPARTICLE PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Yang Bai, Mrunal Korwar
Summary: This study focuses on spherically symmetric magnetic and dyonic black holes within the Standard Model and general relativity. It is found that a magnetically charged black hole with mass below 9.3 x 10^35 GeV has a cloud of electroweak gauge and Higgs fields outside the event horizon. Additionally, a hairy dyonic black hole with an integer charge may decay into a magnetic black hole plus charged fermions.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yang Bai, Sida Lu, Nicholas Orlofsky
Summary: The study presents a novel method to search for magnetic monopoles by detecting the monopole moment of Earth's magnetic field. By using over six years of public geomagnetic field data obtained by the Swarm satellites, an upper limit on the magnetic field strength at Earth's surface from magnetic monopoles has been determined.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Yang Bai, Seung J. Lee, Minho Son, Fang Ye
Summary: This study examines the potential existence of global vacua and changes in the Higgs potential beyond the Standard Model. The model suggests that the current metastable vacuum has a sufficiently long lifetime. It predicts variations in Higgs self-couplings and significant contributions to the signal of off-shell Higgs invisible decay.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Yang Bai, Joshua Berger, Mrunal Korwar, Nicholas Orlofsky
Summary: This paper proposes a novel mechanism, catalyzed baryogenesis, to explain the observed baryon asymmetry in our universe by utilizing a ball-like catalyst's motion and its interactions with Standard Model particles. The use of the electroweak-symmetric ball model is demonstrated as an example, where electroweak sphalerons inside the ball convert baryons into leptons. The model also considers the constraints on relic balls and suggests a scenario where the balls evaporate, leading to testable levels of dark radiation.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Yang Bai, Sida Lu, Nicholas Orlofsky
Summary: Magnetic monopoles and Q-balls are examples of topological and nontopological solitons. A new soliton state called Q-monopole-ball, which has both topological and nontopological charges, has been discovered in a monopole sector. Stable Q-monopole-balls can contain large magnetic charges and may explain the existence of dark matter.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Yang Bai, Daniel Stolarski
Summary: We explore the possible low energy phases of a confining non-supersymmetric SU(5) chiral gauge theory with three generations of fermions, and outline a number of consistent low energy vacua using different approaches.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Oleksandr Tomalak, Qing Chen, Richard J. Hill, Kevin S. McFarland
Summary: Neutrino oscillation experiments aim to establish charge-parity violation by measuring the rate of neutrino appearance and disappearance in a beam, but are influenced by theoretical constraints and corrections. Using a factorization theorem helps minimize uncertainties in predicting neutrino cross-section ratios.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Yang Bai, Joshua Berger, Mrunal Korwar
Summary: A study finds that inelastic scattering of dark matter off a nucleus can generate electromagnetic signals with GeV-scale energy, which can be directly detected by the IceCube detector. With detailed signal and background simulations, it is discovered that IceCube can probe dark matter masses up to one gram, assuming approximately 1 GeV deposited energy in each interaction.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Nuclear Science & Technology
Yang Bai
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Oleksandr Tomalak, Qing Chen, Richard J. Hill, Kevin S. McFarland, Clarence Wret
Summary: Control over quantum electrodynamics radiative corrections is crucial for accurate determination of neutrino oscillation probabilities. We provide a theoretical foundation for calculating these corrections and investigate the impact of QED corrections on neutrino scattering cross sections.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Yang Bai, Mrunal Korwar
Summary: This study derives constraints on the phase transition temperature and strength parameter in a model-independent way using cosmological observables and discusses the implications for using a first-order phase transition to explain the observed signal from NANOGrav.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Ryan Plestid, Richard J. Hill
Summary: The Mu2e and COMET collaborations are searching for nucleus-catalyzed muon conversion to positrons as a signal of lepton number violation, with radiative muon capture as a key background. This work describes how the near end point internal positron spectrum can be related to the real photon spectrum from the same nucleus.
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Yang Bai, Joshua Berger, Mrunal Korwar, Nicholas Orlofsky
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2020)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Oleksandr Tomalak, Richard J. Hill
