Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Yen-Kheng Lim
Summary: The paper explores a solenoid configuration involving a magnetic universe solution embedded in an empty Anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime, with a non-trivial surface current provided by a charged scalar field. When the interface is taken to the AdS boundary, the full AdS-Melvin spacetime is recovered. The stability of the AdS-Melvin solution is also studied by computing the gravitational free energy from the Euclidean action.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Faezeh Khodabandehlou, Christian Maes, Karel Netocny
Summary: We discuss when and why the steady nonequilibrium heat capacity vanishes with temperature using general arguments and examples. The framework of Markov jump processes on finite connected graphs is used, where the condition of local detailed balance helps identify the heat fluxes, and the discreteness enables a nondegenerate stationary distribution at absolute zero. Additionally, a dynamic condition is needed for the nonequilibrium extension of the Third Law to ensure that the low-temperature dynamical activity and accessibility of the dominant state remain sufficiently high.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hyun-Myung Chun, Jordan. M. M. Horowitz
Summary: We investigate the effects of logarithmic perturbations of reaction rates on chemical reaction networks driven far from equilibrium. Our findings show that the response of the average number of chemical species is limited by both number fluctuations and the maximum thermodynamic driving force. We provide evidence for these trade-offs in linear chemical reaction networks and a specific class of nonlinear chemical reaction networks with a single chemical species. Numerical results from various model systems suggest that these trade-offs hold for a wide range of chemical reaction networks, although their specific form seems to depend on the network's deficiency.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
D. Lucente, M. Viale, A. Gnoli, A. Puglisi, A. Vulpiani
Summary: This study presents experimental observations of significant differences between the rotator's angular velocity in an out-of-equilibrium process and the equilibrium process. A new model is proposed, incorporating both Gaussian and Poissonian noise, which successfully reproduces the experimental results at different densities. This research provides a more consistent and meaningful framework for the treatment of out-of-equilibrium and dissipative systems.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Timo Kerremans, Peter Samuelsson, Patrick P. Potts
Summary: Fluctuations of thermodynamic observables are not considered in traditional laws, but they contain relevant information. We show that the first law of thermodynamics may break down in the presence of quantum fluctuations, due to constraints imposed by quantum mechanics on the knowledge of heat and work.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Shuang Li, Hong Xiao
Summary: This study introduces a thermodynamically consistent generalized hydrodynamic theory to develop a unified framework for modeling both equilibrium and nonequilibrium gas flows. By extending linear dissipation to highly nonlinear dissipation to address nonlinear irreversible thermodynamics, the study fulfills the positive entropy generation criterion and shows good agreement with experimental data. The significance lies in providing a unified framework for modeling both equilibrium and nonequilibrium gas flows.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Qi Gao, Hyun-Myung Chun, Jordan M. Horowitz
Summary: We analyze the static response to perturbations of nonequilibrium steady states modeled as one-dimensional diffusions on the circle. We demonstrate that arbitrary perturbations can be decomposed into combinations of three specific classes of perturbations that can be effectively addressed individually. For each class, we derive simple formulas that quantitatively characterize the response in terms of the strength of nonequilibrium driving, valid even far from equilibrium.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sebastian J. Szybka, Syed U. Naqvi
Summary: Research shows that in polarized Gowdy cosmology, free masses under the influence of standing gravitational waves are attracted by antinodes and exhibit a velocity memory effect.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Tushar K. Saha, Jannik Ehrich, Momcilo Gavrilov, Susanne Still, David A. Sivak, John Bechhoefer
Summary: We experimentally demonstrate that information engines in contact with an out-of-equilibrium bath can convert thermal fluctuations into work at rates much higher than the traditional engines. By adding a fluctuating electric field, the work extraction can be increased up to ten times, limited only by the strength of the applied field. This connects Maxwell's demon with energy harvesting and shows the superior performance of information engines in non-equilibrium baths.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Ying Yang, Jiliang Jing, Zehua Tian
Summary: In this paper, quantum metrology techniques were applied to estimate the deficit angle parameter in cosmic string spacetime within the relativistic framework. The quantum Fisher information (QFI) was calculated to determine the precision of estimation, which depended on various factors including the deficit angle, evolution time, detector initial state, polarization direction, and position. Optimal estimation strategies were identified to maximize the QFI and optimize the precision. The results showed that the QFIs exhibited different behaviors and magnitudes for different polarization cases, which could provide insights into the exploration of cosmic string spacetime.
EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Nils A. Nilsson
Summary: In this study, we investigate the effects of explicit spacetime-symmetry breaking on primordial tensor fluctuations using an effective-field theory for Lorentz/CPT violation. Our findings show that despite the symmetry breaking, the graviton remains massless, but the propagation speed of tensor modes is modified. We also derive a constraint on the coefficient determining the symmetry breaking based on recent measurements of the speed of gravity. Additionally, due to the symmetry breaking, the de-Sitter phase is altered, resulting in a slow oscillation of the power spectrum during the inflationary epoch. Furthermore, we observe that while the primordial tensor power spectrum maintains scale invariance, its amplitude is modified. Moreover, we find that the modes which become subhorizon during radiation domination experience a phase shift proportional to the coefficient for Lorentz violation.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Giulio Chiribella, Fei Meng, Renato Renner, Man-Hong Yung
Summary: This work investigates the minimum amount of nonequilibrium resources needed to achieve a target level of accuracy in information processing. The authors establish a fundamental limit on accuracy achievable with a given amount of nonequilibrium resources, which applies to arbitrary information processing tasks and systems subject to quantum mechanics. They also establish the optimal tradeoff between nonequilibrium and accuracy and provide a framework for demonstrating thermodynamical advantages of quantum devices.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Raunak Dey, Avijit Kundu, Biswajit Das, Ayan Banerjee
Summary: This study investigates the crucial category of nonequilibrium steady states (NESS) in the mesoscopic world. By employing a model NESS stochastic system, the researchers demonstrate that time-integrated observables, such as the entropic current and work done on/dissipated by the system, follow the three Levy arcsine laws in the large time limit. The study provides insights into NESS statistics and the role of stochastic fluctuations.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Cai Dieball, Aljaz Godec
Summary: Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) set a lower bound on the dissipation in nonequilibrium systems based on fluctuations of an observed current. In this study, we prove TURs directly from the Langevin equation, establishing their inherent property in overdamped stochastic equations of motion. We also extend TURs to currents and densities with explicit time dependence and derive a new sharpened TUR for transient dynamics by including current-density correlations. Our simple and direct proof, along with these new generalizations, provides a systematic way to determine the saturation conditions of different TURs and allows for more accurate thermodynamic inference. Finally, we outline the direct proof for Markov jump dynamics.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vitor Cardoso, Arianna Foschi
Summary: Tidal perturbations play a crucial role in studying dynamics in the classical two-body system, with the effects of a companion on timelike and null geodesics of a Schwarzschild black hole being investigated. New effects are discovered, including closed lightlike trajectories which are elliptic for equatorial companions. The results show that the light ring period can vary in length depending on the location of the companion.
Review
Physics, Nuclear
A. Addazi, J. Alvarez-Muniz, R. Alves Batista, G. Amelino-Camelia, V Antonelli, M. Arzano, M. Asorey, J-L Atteia, S. Bahamonde, F. Bajardi, A. Ballesteros, B. Baret, D. M. Barreiros, S. Basilakos, D. Benisty, O. Birnholtz, J. J. Blanco-Pillado, D. Blas, J. Bolmont, D. Boncioli, P. Bosso, G. Calcagni, S. Capozziello, J. M. Carmona, S. Cerci, M. Chernyakova, S. Clesse, J. A. B. Coelho, S. M. Colak, J. L. Cortes, S. Das, V D'Esposito, M. Demirci, M. G. Di Luca, A. di Matteo, D. Dimitrijevic, G. Djordjevic, D. Dominis Prester, A. Eichhorn, J. Ellis, C. Escamilla-Rivera, G. Fabiano, S. A. Franchino-Vinas, A. M. Frassino, D. Frattulillo, S. Funk, A. Fuster, J. Gamboa, A. Gent, L. A. Gergely, M. Giammarchi, K. Giesel, J-F Glicenstein, J. Gracia-Bondia, R. Gracia-Ruiz, G. Gubitosi, E. Guendelman, I Gutierrez-Sagredo, L. Haegel, S. Heefer, A. Held, F. J. Herranz, T. Hinderer, J. I. Illana, A. Ioannisian, P. Jetzer, F. R. Joaquim, K-H Kampert, A. Karasu Uysal, T. Katori, N. Kazarian, D. Kerszberg, J. Kowalski-Glikman, S. Kuroyanagi, C. Lammerzahl, J. Levi Said, S. Liberati, E. Lim, I. P. Lobo, M. Lopez-Moya, G. G. Luciano, M. Manganaro, A. Marciano, P. Martin-Moruno, Manel Martinez, Mario Martinez, H. Martinez-Huerta, P. Martinez-Mirave, M. Masip, D. Mattingly, N. Mavromatos, A. Mazumdar, F. Mendez, F. Mercati, S. Micanovic, J. Mielczarek, A. L. Miller, M. Milosevic, D. Minic, L. Miramonti, V. A. Mitsou, P. Moniz, S. Mukherjee, G. Nardini, S. Navas, M. Niechciol, A. B. Nielsen, N. A. Obers, F. Oikonomou, D. Oriti, C. F. Paganini, S. Palomares-Ruiz, R. Pasechnik, V Pasic, C. Perez de los Heros, C. Pfeifer, M. Pieroni, T. Piran, A. Platania, S. Rastgoo, J. J. Relancio, M. A. Reyes, A. Ricciardone, M. Risse, M. D. Rodriguez Frias, G. Rosati, D. Rubiera-Garcia, H. Sahlmann, M. Sakellariadou, F. Salamida, E. N. Saridakis, P. Satunin, M. Schiffer, F. Schussler, G. Sigl, J. Sitarek, J. Sola Peracaula, C. F. Sopuerta, T. P. Sotiriou, M. Spurio, D. Staicova, N. Stergioulas, S. Stoica, J. Striskovic, T. Stuttard, D. Sunar Cerci, Y. Tavakoli, C. A. Ternes, T. Terzic, T. Thiemann, P. Tinyakov, M. D. C. Torri, M. Tortola, C. Trimarelli, T. Trzesniewski, A. Tureanu, F. R. Urban, E. C. Vagenas, D. Vernieri, V. Vitagliano, J-C Wallet, J. D. Zornoza
Summary: The exploration of the universe has entered a new era with the multi-messenger paradigm, providing us with more information about the universe and opening up the possibility of searching for quantum gravity phenomena.
PROGRESS IN PARTICLE AND NUCLEAR PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Raul Carballo-Rubio, Francesco Di Filippo, Stefano Liberati, Matt Visser
Summary: This paper presents a systematic study of the geometric structure of non-singular spacetimes describing black holes in Lorentz-violating gravity. The concept of trapping horizons and marginally trapped surfaces is reviewed and their significance in frameworks with modified dispersion relations is studied. The notion of universally marginally trapped surfaces is introduced as a generalization for frameworks with infinite signal velocities, leading to the definition of universal trapping horizons. The interplay between the kinematical part of Penrose's singularity theorem and the existence of multiple different metrics is explored, resulting in a complete classification of all possible geometries without incomplete physical trajectories or curvature singularities. The taxonomy of geodesically complete black holes in Horava-like frameworks includes scenarios such as evaporating regular black holes, regular black holes bouncing into regular white holes, and hidden wormholes.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Jose Javier Relancio, Stefano Liberati
Summary: This study examines the concept of surface gravity in the context of momentum-dependent Schwarzschild black hole geometry and finds that different definitions of surface gravity only agree in a very specific momentum basis, providing further support for its physical relevance.
Article
Physics, Mathematical
Goffredo Chirco, Luigi Malago, Giovanni Pistone
Summary: This study presents an information-geometric formulation of accelerated natural gradient on the Riemannian manifold of probability distributions. By introducing the Statistical Bundle, which provides expressions for the tangent and cotangent spaces over the statistical manifold, we compute velocities and accelerations of a one-dimensional statistical model using the canonical dual pair of parallel transports, and define a coherent formalism for Lagrangian and Hamiltonian mechanics on the bundle.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOMETRIC METHODS IN MODERN PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Particles & Fields
Jacopo Mazza, Stefano Liberati
Summary: There is increasing evidence that Horava gravity is a viable quantum theory of gravity. This suggests that gravitational collapse in the non-projectable version of the theory should result in geometries without space-time singularities. Previous studies have identified different classes of such geometries, including regular black holes, non-connected black holes with wormhole mouths, and horizonless compact objects. This study focuses on a singular black hole in the low-energy limit of non-projectable Horava gravity, exploring examples of its regularizations within all viable classes. These examples are the first instances of black holes with inner universal horizons, black bounces, and stars with a de Sitter core in the context of Lorentz-violating theories of gravity.
JOURNAL OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Giovanni Gandolfi, Balakrishna S. Haridasu, Stefano Liberati, Andrea Lapi
Summary: We investigate the possible evidence of a nonminimal coupling between dark matter and gravity by analyzing data from the X-COP compilation of galaxy clusters. Our study considers a theoretically motivated nonminimal coupling that arises from the collective behavior of the coarse-grained dark matter field, with a specific length scale LNMC. We demonstrate that this nonminimal coupling term can modify the density profiles of dark matter halos and accurately reproduce the pressure profiles of galaxy clusters.
ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Quantum Science & Technology
M. Schneider, F. Del Porro, M. Herrero-Valea, S. Liberati
Summary: Using a quantum tunneling derivation, the resilience of Hawking radiation in Lorentz violating gravity is demonstrated. The standard derivation of the Hawking effect in relativistic quantum field theory is extended to Lorentz breaking situations by the presence of universal horizons. Correcting previous studies, the universal horizons are found to have a temperature governed by their surface gravity. The consistency of quantum field theories across causal boundaries is suggested to be linked to the robustness of black hole thermodynamics.
AVENUES OF QUANTUM FIELD THEORY IN CURVED SPACETIME, AQFTCS 2022
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Sudipta Hensh, Stefano Liberati, Vincenzo Vitagliano
Summary: This study investigates the possible perturbations of black hole event horizons induced by matter with spin, and extends the derivation of the Hawking-Hartle formula in the presence of torsion. When focusing on theories with a nonzero component of the torsion tensor, it is found that the tidal heating phenomenon is modified by additional torsion-dependent terms, consistent with previous research based on Jacobson's spacetime thermodynamics approach. These findings have important implications for both phenomenological and theoretical aspects, such as changes in the Bondi mass associated with observed gravitational radiation and modifications to the Hawking radiation spectrum of evaporating black holes.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Simone Cepollaro, Goffredo Chirco, Gianluca Cuffaro, Vittorio D'Esposito
Summary: We investigate multipartite entanglement for quantum states of 3D space geometry, described via generalized random spin networks with fixed areas, in the context of background independent approaches to quantum gravity. We focus on entanglement negativity as a well defined witness of quantum correlations for mixed states, in our setting describing generic subregions of the boundary of a quantum 3D region of space. When nonlocal bulk entanglement between intertwiners at the vertices is considered the negativity increases, while at the same time the holographic scaling is generally perturbed by the bulk contribution.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Vania Vellucci, Edgardo Franzin, Stefano Liberati
Summary: The detection of echoes in late gravitational wave signals provides a promising way to test horizonless alternatives to black holes and study the physics of ultracompact objects. Previous searches for these signals have considered periodic waveforms and ignored backreaction effects. This study examines scalar perturbations in exotic compact object scenarios that account for backreaction phenomena and identifies new features that should be considered in future searches.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Edgardo Franzin, Stefano Liberati, Jacopo Mazza, Ramit Dey, Sumanta Chakraborty
Summary: This study investigates scalar test-field perturbations on a Kerr-black-bounce background, exploring rotating regular black holes and/or rotating traversable wormholes. The research confirms the stability of regular black holes and identifies a set of growing modes that render traversable wormholes unstable.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Edgardo Franzin, Stefano Liberati, Jacopo Mazza, Vania Vellucci
Summary: This study presents a rotating regular black hole metric with a stable inner horizon that has zero surface gravity for any value of the spin parameter. The metric combines two strategies for regularizing singularities and avoids the stability issues and problematic properties of the Kerr geometry. It not only shows similarities to a Kerr black hole in its exterior but also allows for significant deviations, making it a viable alternative for future phenomenological tests against the Kerr black hole.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
F. Del Porro, M. Herrero-Valea, S. Liberati, M. Schneider
Summary: Black holes in gravity theories with Lorentz violation, such as Einstein-Aether or Ho.rava-Lifshitz gravity, have significant differences compared to their counterparts in general relativity. While allowing for superluminal motion, they still possess an absolute causal boundary known as a universal horizon. By studying the tunneling picture of a gravitating scalar field, we demonstrate that universal horizons in Lorentz violating theories emit Hawking radiation similar to the standard results in general relativity, with the temperature being determined by the high-energy behavior of the dispersion relation. This result is consistent with alternative derivations found in the literature and strengthens the link between the universal horizon and thermodynamics in Lorentz violating theories.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Goffredo Chirco, Stefano Liberati, Jose Javier Relancio
Summary: This paper investigates the effects of momentum-dependent metrics on uniformly accelerated observers within the framework of doubly special relativity. It examines changes in the local Rindler wedge description and causal structure, leading to the derivation of Einstein's equations and identification of a privileged momentum basis.
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Francesco Del Porro, Mario Herrero-Valea, Stefano Liberati, Marc Schneider
Summary: We discuss particle production in spacetimes with a universal horizon in Einstein-aether and Hor??ava gravity. By calculating the Hawking temperature, we confirm the existence of particle production and find that the orientation of the horizon is reversed with respect to the exterior.