Probing the density dependence of the symmetry energy via multifragmentation at subsaturation densities

Symmetry energy for asymmetric nuclear matter at subsaturation densities was investigated in the framework of an isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. A single ratio of neutrons and protons is compared with the experimental data of Famiano et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 052701 (2006)] We have also performed a comparison for the double ratio with experimental as well as different theoretical results of Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck in 1997, Isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck in 2004, Boltzmann-Nordeim-Vlasov, and Improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics models. It is found that the double ratio predicts the softness of symmetry energy, which is a little underestimated in the single ratio. Furthermore, the study of the single ratio is extended for different kinds of fragments, while the double ratio is extended for different neutron-rich isotopes of Sn.