Efficient hysteresis loop simulations of nanoparticle assemblies beyond the uniaxial anisotropy

We propose a modified Stoner-Wohlfarth model combined with the geometrical approach of the coherent rotation of magnetization for simulating the hysteresis loops of an assembly of magnetic nanoparticles. The temperature and the size distribution are taken into account. This combined model enables the computation of hysteresis loops at low temperatures for assemblies of particles having an arbitrary type of anisotropy. The applicability of this model for fitting experimental data is discussed and results are compared to the zero-field-cooled and field-cooled fits. As an application, the hysteresis loops measured on Co clusters embedded in carbon and germanium matrices are fitted revealing unambiguously the presence of a biaxial anisotropy.