Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Sina Mayr, Lukas Flajsman, Simone Finizio, Ales Hrabec, Markus Weigand, Johannes Forster, Hermann Stoll, Laura J. Heyderman, Michal Urbanek, Sebastian Wintz, Jorg Raabe
Summary: The influence of a static in-plane magnetic field on the emission of nanoscale spin waves from magnetic vortex cores is studied in disk structures of synthetic ferrimagnets and single ferromagnetic layers. Increasing magnetic bias field displaces the wave-emitting vortex core from the center of the disk toward its edge without altering the spin-wave dispersion relation noticeably. At higher magnetic fields, anisotropic lateral expansion of the core occurs in single-layer disks leading to directional emission and propagation of waves.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Cindy Y. Zheng, Yudong Yao, Junjing Deng, Soenke Seifert, Alexa M. Wong, Byeongdu Lee, Chad A. Mirkin
Summary: This study investigates the assembly of DNA-functionalized nanocubes in microscale square trenches on a DNA-functionalized substrate. The superlattices formed by the nanocubes are characterized using microfocus small-angle X-ray scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that the nanocubes form cubic superlattices with square-prism morphology and an out-of-plane orientation to maximize DNA bonding. The study also uses X-ray ptychography to observe the internal structures of the superlattices and reveals that there may be subsurface grain boundaries in the SEM images. The study provides insights into the effect of lateral confinement on nanoparticle crystallization and demonstrates the use of X-ray ptychography in studying nanoparticle crystallization.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Kristina Kutukova, Juergen Gluch, Matthias Kraatz, Andre Clausner, Ehrenfried Zschech
Summary: This experimental approach allows real-time control of the fracture behavior of 3D nanopatterned structures and quantitatively describes the microcrack propagation in solids with high resolution. By integrating micro-scale fracture mechanics test into nano X-ray computed tomography system, the critical energy release rate at the crack tip of materials is determined quantitatively in sub -100 nm dimension, which reveals scale-dependent mechanical properties and has the potential for broad applications in future technology nodes.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Optics
Peco Myint, Miaoqi Chu, Ashish Tripathi, Michael J. Wojcik, JIan Zhou, Mathew J. Cherukara, Suresh Narayanan, Jin Wang, Zhang Jiang
Summary: Surface-sensitive reflection-geometry scattering techniques, such as grazing incident small angle X-ray scattering, are commonly used to study nanostructures on substrates and provide statistical structural information. Coherent surface scattering imaging (CSSI) is a powerful yet non-invasive technique that can probe the absolute three-dimensional structural morphology of the sample. However, conventional CDI reconstruction techniques cannot be directly applied to CSSI due to the dynamical scattering phenomenon near the critical angle of total external reflection. To overcome this, a multislice forward model was developed to simulate the dynamical scattering from surface structures and the underlying substrate, enabling the reconstruction of an elongated 3D pattern from a single shot scattering image in CSSI geometry.
Article
Polymer Science
Federico Di Sacco, Leon de Jong, Theopile Pelas, Giuseppe Portale
Summary: The morphological and structural changes of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) thin films casted by hot-solution spin coating are studied using AFM and GIWAXS techniques. The transition from a 3D to quasi-2D morphology is observed when reducing the film thickness. Various lamellar orientations and mixed phases are observed at different film thicknesses.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Vitalii Ponomar
Summary: In this study, spinel ferrites with tunable magnetic properties were successfully synthesized by thermal treatment, and the changes in magnetization and Curie temperature were observed through different temperature treatments.
MATERIALS RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hee-Sung Han, Sooseok Lee, Min-Seung Jung, Namkyu Kim, Dae-Han Jung, Myeonghwan Kang, Hye-Jin Ok, Weilun Chao, Young-Sang Yu, Jung-Il Hong, Mi-Young Im, Ki-Suk Lee
Summary: This study demonstrates the effective tuning of oscillation modes using the vortex core structure, showcasing the potential application of spin structures in nanotechnology.
NPG ASIA MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
D. Osuna Ruiz, P. S. Keatley, J. R. Childress, J. A. Katine, R. J. Hicken, A. P. Hibbins, F. Y. Ogrin
Summary: The curling spin wave modes of a ferromagnetic vortex confined to a microscale disk were directly imaged in response to a microwave field excitation using time-resolved scanning Kerr microscopy. Results show the interaction of these modes with gyrotropic vortex core dynamics and the influence of spiral spin waves emitted by the core on the spatial character of higher frequency curling modes. The simulations suggest that propagating modes play a role in the dynamic overlap required for hybridization of core modes, highlighting the importance of spin wave emission and interaction in nanoscale regions of nonuniform magnetization.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Katarzyna Rutka, Adam Garkowski, Katarzyna Karaszewska, Urszula Lebkowska
Summary: Systemic sclerosis is a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis in skin and internal organs, vascular obliteration, and autoantibody production. Diagnostic imaging plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring patients, with MRI and ultrasonography being important tools in the evaluation process.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Beuvier, Yuriy Chushkin, Federico Zontone, Alain Gibaud, Oxana Cherkas, Julio Da Silva, Irina Snigireva
Summary: This article uses coherent X-ray diffraction imaging and 3D X-ray fluorescence techniques to visualize the formation process of hollow microparticles of calcium carbonate in the presence of PSS. The dissolution of the core and the development of the shell result in the formation of complex core-shell structures.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jaeyong Shin, Changyong Song, Yungok Ihm, Seung-Phil Heo, Daewoong Nam, Sangsoo Kim, Minseok Kim, Intae Eom, Ji Hoon Shim, Do Young Noh, Chulho Jung
Summary: By establishing a multiplexing femtosecond X-ray probe, we have revealed ultrafast energy transfer processes in confined Au nanospheres. Real-time images of electron density distributions with corresponding lattice structures indicate subpico-second melting at the specimen boundary prior to lattice thermalization, followed by the formation of voids. Molecular dynamics simulations show the presence of both heterogeneous and homogeneous melting processes, supported by experimental and theoretical results, providing a comprehensive atomic-scale picture of laser-induced melting and evaporation kinetics.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Adrian Rodriguez-Palomo, Viviane Lutz-Bueno, Xiaobao Cao, Roland Kadar, Martin Andersson, Marianne Liebi
Summary: The study shows that in regions with high extensional flow, the material is oriented perpendicular to the flow, while in regions with high enough shear rate, the material is oriented in the flow direction. A flow-induced morphological transition from aligned lamellae toward multilamellar vesicles is observed in the lamellar phase with different shear rates.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
David Wertheim, Lisa Miyashita, Gary Foley, Ian Gill, Richard Giddens, Gavin Gillmore, Ruaraidh Dobson, Sean Semple, Ana Rule, Jonathan Grigg
Summary: Using confocal microscopy, this study examined the three-dimensional appearances and elemental characteristics of particulate matter found in the air at roadside and underground railway stations. The results showed that some particles have sharp surfaces, and the particles at the railway station primarily consist of iron, calcium, and silicon.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
L. A. Turnbull, M. T. Littlehales, M. N. Wilson, M. T. Birch, H. Popescu, N. Jaouen, J. A. T. Verezhak, G. Balakrishnan, P. D. Hatton
Summary: This article presents experimental evidence for the observation of a surface-pinned stacked spin spiral phase in lamellae of FeGe. The identification of this phase has significant implications for the stability of other coexisting spin textures and our understanding of helimagnetic systems.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Julien Gonthier, Tilman Rilling, Ernesto Scoppola, Fabian Zemke, Aleksander Gurlo, Peter Fratzl, Wolfgang Wagermaier
Summary: This study used in operando X-ray micro-computed tomography (mu CT) to monitor the progression of the liquid, gaseous, and solid phases of silica gels during ambient pressure drying and spring-back. The findings challenge the common assumption about the penetration of gas during the spring-back effect and show that the emergence of the spring-back effect is correlated to an equal volume fraction of solid, liquid, and gas in the gels.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Robert Streubel, D. Simca Bouma, Frank Bruni, Xiaoqian Chen, Peter Ercius, Jim Ciston, Alpha T. N'Diaye, Sujoy Roy, Steve D. Kevan, Peter Fischer, Frances Hellman
Summary: Experimental evidence of 3D chiral spin textures, including helical spins and skyrmions with different chirality and topological charge, has been reported in amorphous Fe-Ge thick films. These results demonstrate that structurally and chemically disordered materials can resemble inversion symmetry broken systems with similar magnetic properties, moments, and states, providing greater flexibility in materials synthesis, voltage, and strain manipulation.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Condensed Matter
Robert Streubel, Alpha T. N'Diaye, Kumar Srinivasan, Alan Kalitsov, Shikha Jain, Antony Ajan, Peter Fischer
Summary: The research investigates the impact of boron and copper additions on the structural and magnetic properties of L1(0) FePt granular media, finding that copper substitution can lead to improvements in crystallographic order and magnetic properties, despite causing a decrease in magnetic performance.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xuefei Wu, Robert Streubel, Xubo Liu, Paul Y. Kim, Yu Chai, Qin Hu, Dong Wang, Peter Fischer, Thomas P. Russell
Summary: The assembly and jamming of magnetic nanoparticles at liquid-liquid interfaces can create ferromagnetic liquid droplets with controllable magnetization and response to external stimuli. Remanent magnetization comes from jammed magnetic NPs at the interface and dispersed NPs coupled to it magnetostatically, even at low concentrations. Mixing nonmagnetic and magnetic NPs results in the formation of FMLDs, enabling structured liquids with heterogeneous surfaces.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Noah Kent, Neal Reynolds, David Raftrey, Ian T. G. Campbell, Selven Virasawmy, Scott Dhuey, Rajesh V. Chopdekar, Aurelio Hierro-Rodriguez, Andrea Sorrentino, Eva Pereiro, Salvador Ferrer, Frances Hellman, Paul Sutcliffe, Peter Fischer
Summary: This study presents experimental evidence for the appearance of Hopfions, topological solitons defined by a Hopf number, in a magnetic system. Three-dimensional spin textures distinguishing Hopfions from target skyrmions are characterized by magnetic images recorded with surface-sensitive X-ray photoemission electron microscopy and bulk-sensitive soft X-ray transmission microscopy using element-specific X-ray magnetic circular dichroism effects.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Applied
Robert Streubel, Evgeny Y. Tsymbal, Peter Fischer
Summary: Curvature plays a significant role in impacting physical properties across various length scales, particularly in quantum materials, where it opens the path to novel characteristics and phenomena. This can have a dramatic impact on potential applications in magnetic systems and 3D magnetic nanostructures.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
David Raftrey, Peter Fischer
Summary: This article provides an overview of advanced magnetic X-ray spectro-microscopies used in characterizing mesoscopic magnetic materials, showcasing their specific features and potential applications in imaging novel spin textures. Future developments in this field may enable single shot imaging with spatial and temporal resolutions down to fundamental magnetic length and time scales.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongrui Zhang, David Raftrey, Ying-Ting Chan, Yu-Tsun Shao, Rui Chen, Xiang Chen, Xiaoxi Huang, Jonathan T. Reichanadter, Kaichen Dong, Sandhya Susarla, Lucas Caretta, Zhen Chen, Jie Yao, Peter Fischer, Jeffrey B. Neaton, Weida Wu, David A. Muller, Robert J. Birgeneau, Ramamoorthy Ramesh
Summary: In this study, a novel magnetic ground state, namely Néel-type skyrmion lattice, is observed at room temperature in a single-phase, layered 2D magnet. The relationship between thickness and magnetic domain size follows Kittel's law. The current-induced motion of the skyrmion lattice at room temperature is successfully observed. This discovery provides an important platform for layered device applications and studies of topological and quantum effects in 2D.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Hongrui Zhang, Yu-Tsun Shao, Rui Chen, Xiang Chen, Sandhya Susarla, David Raftrey, Jonathan T. Reichanadter, Lucas Caretta, Xiaoxi Huang, Nicholas S. Settineri, Zhen Chen, Jingcheng Zhou, Edith Bourret-Courchesne, Peter Ercius, Jie Yao, Peter Fischer, Jeffrey B. Neaton, David A. Muller, Robert J. Birgeneau, Ramamoorthy Ramesh
Summary: The emergence of long-range magnetic order in noncentrosymmetric compounds has led to the discovery of a polar magnetic metal with unique spin textures and spin transport phenomena. The study reveals a structural transition and the emergence of a polar phase in a wurtzite-structure polar magnetic metal, which exhibits a Ned-type skyrmion lattice and a Rashba-Edelstein effect at room temperature. This discovery provides a promising new framework for investigating intriguing spin topologies and advancing spintronics.
PHYSICAL REVIEW MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
T. A. Assefa, M. H. Seaberg, A. H. Reid, L. Shen, V Esposito, G. L. Dakovski, W. Schlotter, B. Holladay, R. Streubel, S. A. Montoya, P. Hart, K. Nakahara, S. Moeller, S. D. Kevan, P. Fischer, E. E. Fullerton, W. Colocho, A. Lutman, F-J Decker, S. K. Sinha, S. Roy, E. Blackburn, J. J. Turner
Summary: The development of new modes at x-ray free electron lasers has led to innovative methods for studying fluctuations at different energies and timescales. A pair of advanced instruments were used to conduct experiments on quantum materials, including testing the proof-of-principle of resonant magnetic scattering using ultrafast pulses and studying fluctuations using a fast area detector. Various diagnostics for single-shot contrast measurements were also employed to normalize data and calibrate pulse amplitude ratios, which are crucial for the study of material fluctuations. The results obtained with the instrument demonstrate higher momentum resolution.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
David Raftrey, Aurelio Hierro-Rodriguez, Amalio Fernandez-Pacheco, Peter Fischer
Summary: Nanoscience and nanotechnology have been developed to explore and exploit the properties and behavior of materials in lower dimensions. Nanomagnetism focuses on the magnetic properties of materials at fundamental length and time scales. While research on zero, one, and two-dimensional magnetic systems has been conducted, there is a recent emergence of research on three-dimensional magnetic systems. These systems hold great potential for advancing spintronics towards smaller, faster, and low-power electronics.
JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
S. Ladak, A. Fernandez-Pacheco, P. Fischer
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Dustin A. A. Gilbert, Mi-Young Im, Kai Liu, Peter Fischer
Summary: The first-order reversal curve (FORC) method is a macroscopic measurement technique that can extract quantitative and microscopic properties of hysteretic systems. In this study, magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy (MTXM) was used to perform local element-specific FORC measurements on a 20 nm thick film of CoTb. The microscopy results revealed the step-by-step domain evolution under the magnetic field cycling protocol and provided a direct visualization of the mechanistic interpretation of FORC diagrams. The comparison with magnetometry FORCs showed good quantitative agreement. Moreover, MTXM's high spatial resolution and element-specific sensitivity enabled the measurement of FORCs in small regions or specific phases within multicomponent systems, including buried layers in heterostructures. The ability to perform FORCs on very small features was demonstrated with the MTXM-FORC measurement of a rectangular microstructure with vortex-like Landau structures. This work demonstrated the combination of two powerful techniques to gain quantitative insight into nanoscale magnetic behavior.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
K. M. Seemann, O. Gomonay, Y. Mokrousov, A. Horner, S. Valencia, P. Klamser, F. Kronast, A. Erb, A. T. Hindmarch, A. Wixforth, C. H. Marrows, P. Fischer
Summary: In this study, it is shown that surface acoustic waves can be used to identify complex magnetic phases that arise during the evolution of exchange springs in an applied field at prototype ferromagnet-antiferromagnet interfaces. The findings provide a complementary and integrative insight into emergent magnetic materials for the applications of noncollinear spin textures in low-energy-consumption spintronic devices.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Singh, M. K. Sanyal, J. C. T. Lee, J. J. Chess, R. Streubel, S. A. Montoya, M. K. Mukhopadhyay, B. J. McMorran, E. E. Fullerton, P. Fischer, S. D. Kevan, S. Roy
Summary: This study experimentally investigates the magnetic field evolution in a Fe/Gd multilayer structure, and reveals that the stripe textures exhibit discrete jumps in periodicity as they get wound into skyrmions, indicating the presence of intermediate topological structures during the system evolution.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
M. H. Seaberg, B. Holladay, S. A. Montoya, X. Y. Zheng, J. C. T. Lee, A. H. Reid, J. D. Koralek, L. Shen, V Esposito, G. Coslovich, P. Walter, S. Zohar, V Thampy, M. F. Lin, P. Hart, K. Nakahara, R. Streubel, S. D. Kevan, P. Fischer, W. Colocho, A. Lutman, F-J Decker, E. E. Fullerton, M. Dunne, S. Roy, S. K. Sinha, J. J. Turner
Summary: Magnetic skyrmions, as topological spin textures, exhibit inherent fluctuations suggesting similarities with high-temperature superconductors, rather than freezing into a static crystal. The study of fluctuation properties of Fe/Gd skyrmion lattice using short-pulsed x rays reveals underdamped oscillations and critical-like slowing down of fluctuations before the continuous phase transition.
PHYSICAL REVIEW RESEARCH
(2021)
