Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jinpeng Yuan, Wenguang Yang, Mingyong Jing, Hao Zhang, Yuechun Jiao, Weibin Li, Linjie Zhang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia
Summary: This paper reviews the quantum sensing of microwave electric fields using Rydberg atoms. Rydberg atoms, with their exaggerated response and diverse energy levels, have been widely used for ultrasensitive, wide broadband, traceable, and stealthy microwave electric field sensing. The paper provides an overview of the development in this research direction and introduces new methods and systems to enhance the performance of microwave electric field sensing.
REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Optics
A. Duspayev, G. Raithel
Summary: This study computes the electric-dipole transition matrix elements (EDTMs) of rubidium using different gauges. It is found that the commonly used length-gauge EDTMs for strong low-Rydberg transitions deviate from the more accurate velocity-gauge form, with a shift amount that is independent of the principal quantum number n and dependent on the transition series. This shift can have significant impact in high-precision applications.
Article
Optics
Y. U. A. N. S. H. E. N. G. Shi, K. A. N. G. Ouyang, W. U. Ren, W. E. I. M. I. N. G. LI, M. E. N. G. Cao, Z. H. E. N. G. H. U. Xue, M. E. N. G. Shi
Summary: Current near-field antenna measurement methods based on metal probes have limitations in accuracy and optimization due to their drawbacks such as large volume, metal reflection/interference, and complex circuit signal processing. This study proposes a novel method using Rydberg atoms in near-field antenna measurement, which offers higher accuracy due to their traceability to electric field. The method replaces the metal probe with Rydberg atoms contained in a vapor cell, achieving accurate amplitude and phase measurements of a 2.389 GHz signal.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Fei Zhou, Feng-Dong Jia, Xiu-Bin Liu, Zhang Jian, Feng Xie, Zhi-Ping Zhong
Summary: Microwave electric fields are measured using cold Rydberg atoms, which demonstrate advantages in narrow linewidth and smaller residual Doppler broadening. The EIT-AT splitting method is employed to measure the electric field amplitude, showing a good linear relationship between the splitting interval and the amplitude. The cold atom system is more advantageous in measuring weak microwave electric fields, benefiting from the narrower EIT linewidth and smaller residual Doppler effect.
ACTA PHYSICA SINICA
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Samuel Berweger, Alexandra B. Artusio-Glimpse, Andrew P. Rotunno, Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Joseph D. Christesen, Kaitlin R. Moore, Matthew T. Simons, Christopher L. Holloway
Summary: In this study, we demonstrate that closed-loop quantum interferometric schemes can replace the need for a local oscillator in Rydberg field sensing. The interferometrically defined internal reference provides similar functionality to a traditional LO, including full phase resolution and improved sensitivity. This approach has broad applicability and is confirmed by demodulating four-phase-state signals.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
S. Y. Buhmann, S. M. Giesen, M. Diekmann, R. Berger, S. Aull, P. Zahariev, M. Debatin, K. Singer
Summary: A quantum sensing protocol is proposed to demonstrate the motion-induced chirality of circularly polarised Rydberg atoms by using a bichromatic light field to dress a cloud of Rydberg atoms. The system becomes chiral by combining a circularly polarised dipole transition in the Rydberg atom with atomic centre-of-mass motion. The discriminatory chiral energy shifts induced by a chiral mirror are estimated using a macroscopic quantum electrodynamics approach, and the protocol will also provide indirect evidence for Casimir-Polder quantum friction.
NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Rong Song, Jingxu Bai, Yuechun Jiao, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: This study accurately measured and analyzed the lifetimes of nS(1/2) and nD(5/2) cesium Rydberg states. The results showed that the room temperature blackbody radiation and interaction between Rydberg atoms have an impact on the lifetime, especially at higher Rydberg atomic densities.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Physics, Applied
Samuel Berweger, Nikunjkumar Prajapati, Alexandra B. Artusio-Glimpse, Andrew P. Rotunno, Roger Brown, Christopher L. Holloway, Matthew T. Simons, Eric Imhof, Steven R. Jefferts, Baran N. Kayim, Michael A. Viray, Robert Wyllie, Brian C. Sawyer, Thad G. Walker
Summary: On-resonance Rydberg atom-based rf electric-field sensing methods can only detect narrow frequency bands. By adding an rf tuner field, the target Rydberg state can be dressed or shifted to achieve a detuned signal field, which greatly extends the frequency range available for resonant sensing.
PHYSICAL REVIEW APPLIED
(2023)
Article
Quantum Science & Technology
Mingzhi Han, He Hao, Xiaoyun Song, Zheng Yin, Michal Parniak, Zhengmao Jia, Yandong Peng
Summary: A scheme for measuring microwave electric fields using bichromatic electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in Rydberg atoms is proposed. The absorption spectrum of the excited state transition driven by a bichromatic control field shows three EIT windows. When a microwave field is applied, the EIT windows split and six transmission peaks appear. The distance between the transmission peaks in the spectrum is sensitive to the microwave field strength, allowing for the measurement of the microwave electric field.
EPJ QUANTUM TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Optics
Jingxu Bai, Yuechun Jiao, Yunhui He, Rong Song, Jianming Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: This study demonstrates the three-photon Autler-Townes (AT) spectroscopy in a cold cesium Rydberg four-level atom and investigates the positions of AT peaks and AT splittings, as well as their dependence on the characteristics of the coupling lasers. The research finds that AT splitting γ(AB) mainly comes from the first photon coupling, while γ(BC) mainly comes from the second photon coupling. The simulated results show good agreement with the theoretical simulations considering spectral line broadening.
Article
Optics
Anton E. Afanasiev, Alexey S. Kalmykov, Roman Kirtaev, Anna A. Kortel, Petr Skakunenko, Dmitriy Negrov, Victor Balykin
Summary: The single-layer atom chip designed for laser cooling and trapping of atoms operates in a continuous regime achieved by optimizing heat released and heat removal processes. This design allows efficient heat transfer from the work area to the periphery through the metal layer of the atom chip, enabling cooling and trapping of about 3 center dot 105 atoms near the chip.
OPTICS AND LASER TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Optics
Jinpeng Yuan, Ting Jin, Lirong Wang, Liantuan Xiao, Suotang Jia
Summary: A mechanism for improving the sensitivity of microwave electric field measurement is presented using dual-MW-dressed electromagnetically induced transparency in a Rb-85 atomic coherent system. By introducing an auxiliary MW field and adjusting its frequency and power, the sensitivity of MW E-field measurement is improved by about two orders of magnitude. This mechanism is applicable for all frequency bands covered by Rydberg energy levels and opens up a novel pathway for high-sensitivity MW E-field measurement with Rydberg atoms.
LASER PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ting Gong, Shuai Shi, Zhonghua Ji, Guqing Guo, Xiaocong Sun, Yali Tian, Xuanbing Qiu, Chuanliang Li, Yanting Zhao, Suotang Jia
Summary: We present a simple method to measure electric field intensity using doublet electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) spectra of cold Rb Rydberg atoms, without the need to lock the frequency of the coupling laser. The measured values using this method show good agreement with a previous method that required locking the laser frequency. This method can also be extended to measure electric fields based on hot Rydberg atom vapor.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Weixin Liu, Linjie Zhang, Tao Wang
Summary: The study investigates radio-frequency modulated electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a ladder three-level system with Rydberg state. The EIT peak splits into a series of sidebands under the influence of a fast radio-frequency field. Attaching a power-frequency electric field directly to the fast radio-frequency field causes the odd-order sidebands of the Rydberg-EIT to oscillate sensitively with the power-frequency field. The oscillation frequency is twice the power frequency, and the amplitude increases monotonically with the amplitude of the power-frequency field when the Stark-shift change is smaller than the radio frequency. This work lays the foundation for measuring power-frequency electric fields based on Rydberg atoms.
Article
Optics
Matthew A. Norcia
Summary: This new method autonomously assembles atoms in optical tweezers or lattice sites by utilizing tunneling and ground-state laser cooling, avoiding the limitations of imaging and evaporative cooling in traditional methods. The substantial speed improvement makes it particularly suitable for preparing arbitrary initial conditions for Bose-Hubbard or Rydberg interacting systems.
