Review
Biology
Madalina Stan-Ilie, Vasile Sandru, Oana-Mihaela Plotogea, Ecaterina Rinja, Christopher Pavel, Gabriel Constantinescu, Lucian Negreanu, Dan Nicolae Paduraru, Alexandra Bolocan, Octavian Andronic, Dragos Davitoiu, Gheorghe G. Balan, Alexandru Constantinescu
Summary: This paper is a case series report, describing our experience with patients presenting to the Emergency Unit with different symptoms due to duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma. Most often asymptomatic, these neuroendocrine tumors can present with jaundice, anemia and abdominal pain. Endoscopic resection is safe and indicated in most cases, with lower medical costs. EUS plays a central role in pre-resection management and immunostaining is decisive for tumor histologic origin. In addition, a comprehensive review of the literature was performed.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Guanmian Liang, Zaigui Wu, Li Zhu, Fei Ruan
Summary: Ovarian leiomyoma is a rare benign ovarian tumor with difficult preoperative diagnosis. While these tumors are typically small and asymptomatic, symptomatic presentation may occur as they increase in size, making it crucial to distinguish them from ovarian malignancies. While radical surgeries involving total hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy are common, ovary-preserving surgery is recommended for young women desiring fertility.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Yongbao Wei, Huaishan Hong, Haijian Huang
Summary: Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis. We presented a case of primary LCS in the urinary bladder, which was treated with TURBT and short-term local chemotherapy. Our experience suggests that non-muscle-invasive bladder LCS may be managed similar to non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Michael J. Harrison, Nicola Brice, Christiaan Scott
Summary: A study in South Africa found that HIV infection is associated with non-erosive inflammatory arthritis in children. The research showed that affected children were mainly boys with low CD4+ counts, and there was variability in clinical presentation and treatment response.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Liang-Liang Hu, Zhong-Qiang Guo, Peng Dai, Gang Chen, Tao Tian
Summary: Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors that produce catecholamines. Bladder involvement is uncommon, and common symptoms include hypertension, headache, hematuria, and syncope. While transurethral resection may be performed in some patients, most require partial or radical cystectomy.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Tongshuai Kuang, Wei Cai, Weite Qian, Xiaokun Lin
Summary: Children with foreign bodies in the lower urinary tract are rare, and their management is challenging. This study retrospectively analyzed clinical data on lower urinary tract foreign bodies removed in our hospital. It was found that surgical removal of lower urinary tract foreign bodies can be a safe and effective treatment, with relatively good outcomes.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2023)
Review
Ophthalmology
Vivian Paraskevi Douglas, Christopher Flores, Konstantinos A. A. Douglas, Mitchell B. Strominger, Ekkehard Kasper, Nurhan Torun
Summary: Oculomotor nerve schwannomas are rare benign cranial nerve tumors, and there is limited literature and no established management guidelines. This study aims to assess published literature, identify treatment indications and outcome measures, and establish a consensus on the evaluation and treatment of oculomotor nerve schwannomas.
SURVEY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Urology & Nephrology
Deshin Reddy, Abdullah Ebrahim Laher, Nathan Lawrentschuk, Ahmed Adam
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review of all cases of spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder (SRUB), providing a comprehensive analysis of demographic data, associated comorbidities, clinical presentation, diagnosis, relevant laboratory findings, associated factors, management, morbidity and mortality.
Review
Surgery
Yue Zhang, Shuo Yuan, Rami W. A. Alshayyah, Wankai Liu, Yang Yu, Chen Shen, Hang Lv, Lijie Wen, Yi He, Bo Yang
Summary: Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder (SRUB) often presents with various and non-specific symptoms, leading to misdiagnosis or delayed treatment. Early diagnosis and management are crucial for uneventful recovery.
FRONTIERS IN SURGERY
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Shay Keren, Matthew Lapira, Ewan McCallum, Zuzana Sipkova, Amrana Qureshi, Shaun Wilson, Jonathan H. Norris, Goran D. Hildebrand
Summary: This article describes a series of paediatric orbital lymphoma patients, and the study shows that in this group of patients, they are younger, have more bilateral disease, and have a better prognosis after treatment.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xu Wang, Yang Zhao, Zhangcheng Liao, Yushi Zhang
Summary: PCC/PGL are neuroendocrine tumors that secrete catecholamines, also known as PPGL due to their histological and pathophysiological similarities. In addition to the typical triad of symptoms, PPGL may also present with symptoms involving multiple organs and systems. Surgical resection is currently the preferred treatment for PPGL, with the goal of safe and effective management. This paper discusses the surgical management strategy based on complicated PPGL cases, aiming to share our experience.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Panagiota Anyfanti, Konstantinos Mastrogiannis, Antonios Lazaridis, Konstantinos Tasios, Despoina Vasilakou, Anastasia Kyriazidou, Fotios Aroutsidis, Olga Pavlidou, Eleni Papoutsopoulou, Athina Tiritidou, Vasileios Kotsis, Areti Triantafyllou, Ioannis Zarifis, Stella Douma, Eugenia Gkaliagkousi
Summary: This study presents a case series of pheochromocytoma, emphasizing the importance of patients' specific characteristics, clinical presentation, and diagnostic evaluation. The study also briefly reviews relevant literature and current guidelines to summarize the screening and diagnostic procedures for pheochromocytoma.
CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Nikolai Tschuertz, Patrick Kupczyk, Bernd Poetzsch, Ulrich Gembruch, Waltraut M. Merz
Summary: This study examined the evidence on non-hemorrhagic adrenal infarction (NHAI) and identified important questions in diagnosis and management by analyzing cases from the PubMed database and our own case series. A total of 92 publications were reviewed, including 15 cases of NHAI during pregnancy. Among the reported cases, severe abdominal pain requiring opioid analgesia was the main symptom, often accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Diagnosis was primarily established through MRI or CT scans. The findings highlight the importance of early detection and appropriate management for NHAI in pregnant women.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stephanie Du Four, Jorn Van Der Veken, Johnny Duerinck, Elle Vermeulen, Corina E. E. Andreescu, Michael Bruneau, Bart Neyns, Van Velthoven, Brigitte Velkeniers
Summary: In this article, we report a case series of five patients with pituitary carcinoma (PC) and highlight the challenges in diagnosis and treatment. PCs are rare intracranial neoplasms that usually develop from aggressive pituitary adenomas. The mean time interval from initial diagnosis to PC diagnosis was 10.7 years. Various treatment approaches, including surgery, radiotherapy, temozolomide, and immunotherapy, were used, with some patients achieving stable disease. The lack of predictive factors for an aggressive clinical course makes management challenging for PCs.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Omar Safar, Abdulhadi Al-Qahtani, Saad Al-Qahtani
Summary: Hemangiomas are rare in the bladder and even rarer in cases associated with pregnancy or discovered incidentally after abortion. Angioembolization is an effective treatment, but long-term follow-up is crucial to monitor tumor recurrence or residual disease.
Article
Optics
Mohammed Alaloul, Jacob B. Khurgin
Summary: The study proposes a novel technique to electrically control the switching energy of an all-optical graphene switch on a silicon nitride waveguide. The technique demonstrates a high-performance graphene switch with fast response time and low energy consumption. This technique has the potential to meet the energy demands of next-generation photonic computing systems and serve as an alternative to traditional electronic devices.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mohammed Alaloul, Jacob B. Khurgin
Summary: This article presents a practical design of an all-optical modulator based on graphene and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterostructures. The interaction between graphene and guided light is enhanced by nanophotonic means, achieving high extinction ratio, low insertion loss, and energy-efficient switching. The device exhibits ultrafast switching with short recovery time and has the potential to be a high-performance all-optical modulator with ultra-high bandwidth. It is expected to meet the needs of next-generation photonic computing systems.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Paul A. Morton, Chao Xiang, Jacob B. Khurgin, Christopher D. Morton, Minh Tran, Jon Peters, Joel Guo, Michael J. Morton, John E. Bowers
Summary: This paper introduces a new Integrated Coherent Tunable Laser (ICTL) that offers ultra-wideband wavelength tuning and ultra-low noise performance. The ICTL is designed to be cost-effective and reliable through its utilization of III-V material and a CMOS foundry based Silicon Photonics platform. The ICTL's exceptional laser reflector performance, extended laser cavity length, and low linewidth and phase noise enable highly-coherent output. The ICTL has achieved record integrated laser performance and shows great potential for next-generation applications such as WDM transmission systems, fiber-optic and medical-wearable sensing systems, and automotive LiDAR systems.
JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jacob B. Khurgin, Volker J. Sorger, Rubab Amin
Summary: This study compares the performance of different types of electro-optic modulators to investigate whether modulators based on emerging electro-optic materials have fundamental performance advantages. The results show that for conventional wavelength scale photonic waveguides, field-driven modulators always outperform charge-driven modulators in terms of energy and speed. However, for waveguides with a sub-wavelength optical mode, such as plasmonics-assisted waveguides, the emerging charge-driven devices are highly competitive, especially for applications where component-density on-chip is a factor.
OPTICAL MATERIALS EXPRESS
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jacob B. Khurgin
Summary: While the photonics community is focused on exotic concepts, the simple idea of increasing the refractive index may have greater potential in various applications. The author explores why higher index materials have not yet been developed and suggests some tentative directions for finding these elusive materials, whether natural or artificial.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yaliang Gui, Behrouz Movahhed Nouri, Mario Miscuglio, Rubab Amin, Hao Wang, Jacob B. Khurgin, Hamed Dalir, Volker J. Sorger
Summary: The article introduces a compact electro-optic modulator based on ITO thin films and Mach-Zehnder interferometers, capable of high switching rates and integrating a large number of modulators within the same chip area. The design includes photonics, electronics, and RF optimization, with an asymmetric MZI tuning step proposed to optimize the extinction ratio and insertion loss.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Haonan Ling, Jacob B. Khurgin, Artur R. Davoyan
Summary: Layered van der Waals materials provide unique atomic-void channels with subnanometer dimensions, offering opportunities for advanced applications such as sensing and quantum information. Theoretical limits of light guiding in these channels show that materials with strong resonances, excitonic and polaritonic properties are ideal for deeply subwavelength light guiding. Transition metal dichalcogenides with excitonic properties can concentrate over 70% of optical power within them.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Eviatar Minerbi, Symeon Sideris, Jacob B. Khurgin, Tal Ellenbogen
Summary: We study the nonlinear THz emission from plasmonic metasurfaces and find that a thin ITO film significantly affects the system's nonlinear dynamics. The presence of the ITO film leads to a much stronger THz emission compared to a metasurface on glass, with a different dominant emission mechanism. The hot-electron dynamics in the system strongly modify the coupling between the metasurface and the free electrons in the ITO, resulting in dynamic THz emission phenomena that were not observed before.
Article
Optics
Mohammed Alaloul, Jacob B. Khurgin, Ibrahim Al-Ani, Khalil As'ham, Lujun Huang, Haroldo T. Hattori, Andrey E. Miroshnichenko
Summary: This research proposes a simple model to evaluate the performance of a Si3N4 waveguide-integrated all-optical MoSe2 modulator, and obtains important parameter values such as switching energy, extinction ratio, and insertion loss. The device operates with ultrafast recovery time and high extinction ratio, suitable for practical applications.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Mohammed Alaloul, A. M. Al-Ani, Khalil As'Ham, Jacob B. Khurgin, Haroldo T. Hattori, Andrey E. Miroshnichenko
Summary: On-chip integration of mid-wave infrared (MWIR) absorption spectroscopy gas sensors allows for mass production of compact and inexpensive devices, enabling applications in environmental monitoring, quality control, and Internet-of-Things networks. The proposed MWIR graphene photodetector integrated into silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) slot waveguides enhances electric field distribution and absorption capabilities, enabling sub-ppb detection of greenhouse gases. These findings pave the way for the development of portable, inexpensive, and highly sensitive sensors integrated into miniaturized electronic-photonic chipsets.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Optics
Jacek Gosciniak, Zibo Hu, Martin Thomaschewski, Volker Sorger, Jacob B. B. Khurgin
Summary: This article proposes a novel bistable resonator-free all-optical waveguide device based on indium tin oxide as a nonlinear epsilon-near-zero material. The device offers a cost-effective and high-performance photonic platform for optical logic and information processing in the next generation optical networks and photonic neural systems. It is compatible with silicon photonics, enabling sub-picosecond operation speeds with moderate switching power. The device can act as an optical analogue of memristor or thyristor and can become an enabling element of photonic neural networks not requiring OEO conversions.
LASER & PHOTONICS REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Optics
Jacob B. Khurgin
Summary: In recent decades, progress in developing better nonlinear materials has been slower than desired. The author suggests that this may be due to the length of interaction time between photons and matter being the main determinant of nonlinear optical phenomena. Tentative approaches to improve the efficiency of nonlinear optical phenomena are proposed.
Editorial Material
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Xinxing Zhou, Jacob Khurgin, Shenhe Fu
IEEE PHOTONICS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Jacob B. Khurgin
Summary: Optical isolators are important components in optical networks. Magneto-optic isolators have low power consumption but are not suitable for on-chip integration. Temporal modulation of the dielectric constant offers an alternative method, but has its own drawbacks. This research examines various methods of optical isolation using temporal modulation and finds that regardless of the method used, there are constraints on footprint, modulation frequency, and power consumption to achieve full isolation without excessive insertion loss. The estimated power consumption with current and near-future materials is at least 100 mW, and the acceptability of this requirement depends on the progress of magneto-optic and time-modulated integrated technologies.
Article
Optics
Chunhua Wang, Jacob B. Khurgin, Huakang Yu
Summary: A Ti:Sapphire laser pumped directly with four green laser diodes has been demonstrated to achieve high power continuous-wave output, improving laser efficiency without sacrificing beam quality.
