Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hsiuying Wang
Summary: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease affecting the central nervous system, with up to 50% of patients experiencing depressive disorders. Major depression (MD) is a serious comorbidity of MS, potentially involving various dysfunctions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Jack A. Reeves, Niels Bergsland, Michael G. Dwyer, Gregory E. Wilding, Dejan Jakimovski, Fahad Salman, Balint Sule, Nicklas Meineke, Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, Robert Zivadinov, Ferdinand Schweser
Summary: Brain iron homeostasis is crucial for brain function, and changes in brain iron levels have been observed in patients with multiple sclerosis. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) can be used to study the independent processes regulating iron levels.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Antonio Carotenuto, Paola Valsasina, Paolo Preziosa, Damiano Mistri, Massimo Filippi, Maria A. Rocca
Summary: This study investigates abnormalities in the monoaminergic network of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using PET and fMRI techniques. The results show that MS patients exhibit dysregulation in these networks, with specific alterations associated with fatigue and depression. These findings provide potential targets for the treatment of these bothersome symptoms.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Mikhail Melnikov, Anna Lopatina
Summary: Depression is a common neuropsychological symptom in multiple sclerosis, and it may have a common immune mechanism with the disease. Neuroinflammation, along with disturbances in biogenic amines, is believed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of depression. Th17 cells are highlighted as critical players in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system, including multiple sclerosis.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Lindsey M. Knowles, Elizabeth C. Esselman, Aaron P. Turner, Kala M. Phillips, Tracy E. Herring, Kevin N. Alschuler, Dawn M. Ehde
Summary: This study investigated depressive symptom severity and suicidal ideation in individuals with progressive multiple sclerosis and relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, finding no significant differences between the two groups. Common risk factors for greater depressive symptom severity included younger age, greater disability, and speech and swallowing problems. Screening for and treating depressive disorders in all MS patients is crucial.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Maria C. Ysrraelit, Jorge Correale
Summary: Andropause is caused by the natural decrease in testosterone levels, unlike menopause which is a well-characterized process. Lower testosterone levels have been associated with a higher risk of Multiple sclerosis, and men tend to develop MS at a later age compared to women, possibly due to declining protective testosterone levels.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Francisco Javier Ruiz-Sanchez, Maria do Rosario Martins, Salete Soares, Carlos Romero-Morales, Daniel Lopez-Lopez, Juan Gomez-Salgado, Ana Maria Jimenez-Cebrian
Summary: This study examined the level of depression in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared to a healthy population. The findings showed that MS patients had higher levels of depression, indicating a negative impact on their quality of life.
Article
Neurosciences
Luana Gilio, Diego Fresegna, Antonietta Gentile, Livia Guadalupi, Krizia Sanna, Francesca De Vito, Sara Balletta, Silvia Caioli, Francesca Romana Rizzo, Alessandra Musella, Ennio Iezzi, Alessandro Moscatelli, Giovanni Galifi, Roberta Fantozzi, Paolo Bellantonio, Roberto Furlan, Annamaria Finardi, Valentina Vanni, Ettore Dolcetti, Antonio Bruno, Fabio Buttari, Georgia Mandolesi, Diego Centonze, Mario Stampanoni Bassi
Summary: Exercise has an immunomodulatory effect in MS patients, reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines and improving mood disorders. IL-2 plays a causal role in mood disorders and synaptic dysfunction in MS. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of exercise as a disease-modifying therapy in MS.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Leah Zuroff, Ayman Rezk, Koji Shinoda, Diego A. Espinoza, Yehezqel Elyahu, Bo Zhang, Andrew A. Chen, Russell T. Shinohara, Dina Jacobs, Roy N. Alcalay, Thomas F. Tropea, Alice Chen-Plotkin, Alon Monsonego, Rui Li, Amit Bar-Or
Summary: In the study comparing untreated MS patients with normal controls, it was found that MS patients exhibited early and persistent redistribution of naive and memory CD4 T-cell compartments. While most CD4 and CD8 T-cell aging trajectories were similar between groups, MS patients demonstrated abnormal age-associated increases, particularly in patients over 60.
Article
Rehabilitation
Tobia Zanotto, Irina Galperin, Anat Mirelman, Shahar Yehezkiyahu, John Estes, Lingjun Chen, Keren Regev, Arnon Karni, Tanja Schmitz-Hubsch, Friedemann Paul, Sharon G. Lynch, Abiodun E. Akinwuntan, Hannes Devos, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, Jacob J. Sosnoff
Summary: Frailty is significantly associated with a history of falls in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), independent of age, sex, and disease severity.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Carmen Picon, Amalia Tejeda-Velarde, Jose Ignacio Fernandez-Velasco, Manuel Comabella, Roberto Alvarez-Lafuente, Ester Quintana, Susana Sainz de la Maza, Enric Monreal, Noelia Villarrubia, Jose Carlos Alvarez-Cermeno, Maria Inmaculada Dominguez-Mozo, Lluis Ramio-Torrenta, Eulalia Rodriguez-Martin, Ernesto Roldan, Yolanda Aladro, Silvia Medina, Mercedes Espino, Jaime Masjuan, Clara Matute-Blanch, Marta Munoz-San Martin, Carmen Espejo, Carmen Guaza, Alfonso Muriel, Lucienne Costa-Frossard, Luisa Maria Villar
Summary: Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) undergo an early immunosenescence process with age, impacting treatment response and infection risks. Lipid-specific oligoclonal IgM bands (LS-OCMB) in MS patients may modify the immunological profile influenced by age. Additionally, age leads to changes in CSF levels of various molecules and cellular subsets, affecting disability in MS patients.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Michael Hecker, Brit Fitzner, Kathrin Jaeger, Jan Buehring, Margit Schwartz, Alexander Hartmann, Michael Walter, Uwe Klaus Zettl
Summary: This study found that telomere length in MS patients is associated with disease progression and patient type. The RRMS group had significantly shorter relative LTL, and shorter telomeres at baseline were associated with a higher conversion rate to SPMS in RRMS patients. The LTL decrease over time was similar in RRMS and PPMS patients.
MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ana Jerkovic, Ana Prorokovic, Meri Matijaca, Jelena Vuko, Ana Poljicanin, Angela Mastelic, Ana Curkovic Katic, Vana Kosta, Lea Kustura, Kresimir Dolic, Zoran Dogas, Maja Rogic Vidakovic
Summary: The study examined the factor structure and correlates of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in multiple sclerosis patients, finding it to be a reliable and valid self-assessment scale for monitoring the psychiatric and psychological status of patients with MS. The HADS subscales showed good internal consistencies and convergent validity, suggesting its use in clinical monitoring.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Robert W. Motl, Jessica F. Baird, Brian M. Sandroff, Tracy Baynard, Bo Fernhall
Summary: Research Objective: To investigate the association between blood pressure and cognitive function in older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS).
Findings: MS patients had higher blood pressure and a significant correlation between blood pressure and verbal learning memory.
Conclusion: These preliminary results provide support for future research exploring the relationship between blood pressure, hypertension, and verbal memory in MS patients.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
T. Costabile, A. Carotenuto, L. Lavorgna, G. Borriello, L. Moiola, M. Inglese, M. Petruzzo, F. Trojsi, A. Ianniello, A. Nozzolillo, M. Cellerino, G. Boffa, L. Rosa, G. Servillo, M. Moccia, S. Bonavita, M. Filippi, R. Lanzillo, V. Brescia Morra, M. Petracca
Summary: The study found a relationship between disability, coping strategies, and mental distress in the Italian MS population, with disability significantly impacting passive attitude and positive attitude having a positive impact on mental distress.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Pavithra A. Thomas, Gregory T. Carter, Charles H. Bombardier
Summary: The current research on the effect of cannabis upon pain intensity in spinal cord injury (SCI) pain presents mixed findings due to variability in methodology, indicating insufficient evidence to draw reliable conclusions. Specific limitations in past studies are identified, highlighting the need for standardized dosing paradigms, modes of use, and trial durations in future research.
JOURNAL OF SPINAL CORD MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Paul B. Perrin, Daniel W. Klyce, Lauren B. Fisher, Shannon B. Juengst, Flora M. Hammond, Kelli W. Gary, Janet P. Niemeier, Thomas F. Bergquist, Charles H. Bombardier, Amanda R. Rabinowitz, Ross D. Zafonte, Amy K. Wagner
Summary: Through a long-term longitudinal study, complex relationships and influences among suicidal ideation, depressive symptoms, and functional independence in TBI patients were discovered. Depressive symptoms had a significant impact on suicidal ideation, while functional independence also had a notable effect on depressive symptoms.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Thomas R. Valentine, Kevin N. Alschuler, Dawn M. Ehde, Anna L. Kratz
Summary: The study found that pain, fatigue, depression, and anxiety are common in patients with multiple sclerosis, often co-occurring. Most patients experienced at least one clinically significant symptom within the year after diagnosis, indicating a significant impact on patients. Symptom severity showed fluctuations at the individual level, highlighting the need for timely screening and treatment.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Megan Miller, Rhonda Williams, Kathleen Pagulayan, Jason Barber, Dawn M. Ehde, Jeanne Hoffman
Summary: This study investigated the sleep patterns in Veterans with both traumatic brain injury (TBI) and chronic pain. The results showed that more severe insomnia symptoms were associated with higher depression and PTSD symptoms, as well as slower processing speed. Improving sleep quality in this population may be crucial for improving outcomes following TBI.
DISABILITY AND HEALTH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Therese M. O'Neil-Pirozzi, Shanti M. Pinto, Mitch Sevigny, Flora M. Hammond, Shannon B. Juengst, Charles H. Bombardier
Summary: This study aimed to identify correlates of life satisfaction 10 years after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) using an extreme phenotyping approach. The results revealed that independent functioning, disability level, community participation, employment status, and depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated with extremely high life satisfaction. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had lower rates of extremely high life satisfaction compared to Non-Hispanic White individuals. The relationships between life satisfaction and independent functioning, disability, and participation were weaker among Non-Hispanic Black individuals.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kevin N. Alschuler, Daniel Whibley, Anna L. Kratz, Mark P. Jensen, Annette Wundes, Gloria von Geldern, Peiqing Qian, Charles H. Bombardier, Dawn M. Ehde
Summary: The study found that in the first year post-MS/CIS diagnosis, the average QOL was high and stable, with only a few variables predicting baseline QOL and changes over time. This suggests that early assessment of certain factors can help predict current and future QOL outcomes for patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Daniel W. Klyce, Paul B. Perrin, Lauren B. Fisher, Flora M. Hammond, Shannon B. Juengst, Thomas F. Bergquist, Amanda R. Rabinowitz, Amy K. Wagner, Charles H. Bombardier, Janet P. Niemeier, Kelli W. Gary, Joseph T. Giacino, Ross D. Zafonte
Summary: The study identified group-based patterns in suicidal ideation over the first 10 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI), with four distinct patterns emerging. The findings highlight the importance of mental health and suicide risk assessment during chronic recovery from TBI.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Sandeep P. Khot, Heather M. Barnett, Arielle P. Davis, Eeeseung Byun, Barbara S. McCann, Charles H. Bombardier, Korren Rappisi, W. T. Longstreth, Martha E. Billings, Devin L. Brown, Michelle M. Garrison
Summary: The study found that among stroke patients undergoing CPAP treatment during rehabilitation, more severe stroke, aphasia, and white race were associated with adherence. Facilitators of adherence included improvement in sleep and stroke symptoms, confidence in CPAP use, and positive treatment expectations; while barriers to adherence included both modifiable and less modifiable factors.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sherri L. LaVela, Ibuola Kale, Elizabeth Burkhart, Charles H. Bombardier
Summary: This article qualitatively explores strategies to help individuals with spinal cord injuries (SCI) deal with grief and loss. Health care providers offer insights on relational and task-oriented strategies that can reduce suffering and promote healing. Regular screening, coordinated care, support services, and patient education are recommended. Overall, the findings provide guidance for health care providers in addressing grief and loss among individuals with SCI.
REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Dawn Neumann, Shannon B. Juengst, Charles H. Bombardier, Jacob A. Finn, Shannon R. Miles, Yue Zhang, Richard Kennedy, Amanda R. Rabinowitz, Amber Thomas, Laura E. Dreer
Summary: This study aimed to determine anxiety trajectories and predictors up to 10 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The results showed that factors such as race, insurance, pre-injury mental health treatment, multiple TBIs with loss of consciousness, violent injury, and years post-TBI were associated with higher levels of anxiety. Three different anxiety trajectories were identified, with the high-increasing and high-decreasing groups having consistently mild or higher anxiety scores throughout the 10-year period.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2022)
Article
Rehabilitation
Sheryl Katta-Charles, Leah M. Adams, Nancy D. Chiaravalloti, Flora M. Hammond, Paul B. Perrin, Amanda R. Rabinowitz, Umesh M. Venkatesan, Alan H. Weintraub, Charles H. Bombardier
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence, severity, and correlates of depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings showed no significant differences in depression, anxiety, or suicidal ideation before vs during the pandemic, and the predictors of mental health outcomes remained similar. The results suggest a general resilience and are consistent with recent studies in the general population, indicating only temporary increases in psychological distress associated with the pandemic. Although not worsened, depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation are still prevalent and require focused treatment and research efforts.
ARCHIVES OF PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Gavin Sanders, Lisa J. J. Rapport, Jenny H. H. Marwitz, Thomas A. A. Novack, William Walker, Candace Tefertiller, Thomas K. K. Watanabe, Richard Kennedy, Yelena Goldin, Thomas Bergquist, Laura E. E. Dreer, Charles H. H. Bombardier, Yue Zhang
Summary: This study examined considerations and perceived barriers to return to driving among adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who were not driving, and explored their association with psychosocial outcomes. Results showed that social barriers were the most prominent, while physical barriers were the least endorsed. Gender and race differences were found in both theoretical considerations and barriers to driving. Disability level moderated the relationship between barriers and depression and life satisfaction.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Tracy M. Anastas, Aaron P. Turner, Erica J. J. Ho, Melissa A. Day, Dawn M. Ehde, Mark P. Jensen, Rhonda M. Williams
Summary: This study validates the value of adding an open label phase after a clinical trial of pain treatments through the analysis of participant characteristics and potential benefits. The results show that a substantial portion of study participants chose to participate in the open label phase and reported it to be beneficial. Analyzing data from an open label phase can provide insights into important aspects of patient experience, barriers to and facilitators of care, and treatment preferences.
REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Aaron P. Turner, Karlyn A. Edwards, Mark P. Jensen, Dawn M. Ehde, Melissa A. Day, Rhonda M. Williams
Summary: This study examined the impact of three behavioral interventions on substance use among chronic pain patients. The results showed that mindfulness meditation and hypnosis significantly reduced cannabis use, but had no significant effect on tobacco or alcohol use.
REHABILITATION PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Kara Link, Lindsey M. Knowles, Kevin N. Alschuler, Dawn M. Ehde
Summary: This study examined the prevalence and characteristics of cannabis use for pain management among adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) and chronic pain. Results showed that 27% of participants used cannabis, with the most common route of administration being oil/tincture. Cannabis users were younger and had higher levels of pain intensity, pain interference, and neuropathic pain.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Rehabilitation
Gang Liu, Bradley Chi
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of the technological advances in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with a disorder of consciousness over the past 10 years. While these advances show promise, there is limited high-quality evidence supporting their widespread clinical adoption.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Amy Shapiro-Rosenbaum, Michelle P. Jaffe
Summary: Caregivers of persons with DoC experience high levels of perceived burden, which is associated with adverse physical, emotional, psychosocial, and financial outcomes and is directly tied to expressed needs for information and support. Providing individualized education and training at each phase of recovery can enhance effective communication between providers and caregivers, helping to increase caregiver proficiency in managing their loved one's care while also helping to mitigate the challenges associated with perceived burden. This may subsequently increase the rate of community discharge among persons with DoC, potentially translating to a reduction in the long-term costs of care for this population.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Jean E. Woo, Abana Azariah, Eboni A. Reed, Nicholas Gut
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Katherine O'Brien, Bei Zhang, Elizabeth Anderl, Sunil Kothari
Summary: Behavioral assessment is essential in the clinical evaluation of disorders of consciousness, and it should be supplemented by qualitative behavioral observations and individualized quantitative assessments. Therapy disciplines, staff, and family members all play important roles in this process.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Mary E. Russell, Cindy B. Ivanhoe, Eboni A. Reed
Summary: Acquired brain injury, especially severe brain injury, is a chronic medical condition that lacks research studies on postacute care and long-term outcomes. There is a need for standardized admission criteria, diagnostic tools, and prognostic protocols. Furthermore, healthcare systems should consider personalized factors and different perspectives on meaningful recovery and quality of life.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Brooke Murtaugh, Susan Fager, Tabatha Sorenson
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Amanda Appel, Eric Spier
Summary: This article discusses the importance of the emergence of consciousness in brain-injured patients and presents a framework for evaluating and tailoring treatment of sleep and pain. Although more research is needed, validated tools are currently available for assessing consciousness, pain, and sleep.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Kristen A. Harris, Yi Zhou, Stacey Jou, Brian D. Greenwald
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Ruth Tangonan, Christos Lazaridis
Summary: Acute disorders of consciousness refer to impairments in arousal and awareness that occur within 28 days of an initial injury, which can be caused by various insults. Thorough evaluations, including assessments of consciousness level, brainstem reflexes, and motor responses, are important. Laboratory tests, imaging, and electrophysiology testing are needed for the evaluation of acute disorders of consciousness. Prognostication in this phase should be done cautiously, with open and frequent communication with families, considering the significant multidimensional uncertainty.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Editorial Material
Rehabilitation
Sunil Kothari, Bei Zhang
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Michael H. Marino
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Linda B. Xu, Stephen Hampton, David Fischer
Summary: Neuroimaging in DoC has evolved to characterize complex brain networks and may have significant implications for understanding the natural history of DoC and optimizing long-term management.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
David B. Arciniegas, Lindsey J. Gurin, Bei Zhang
Summary: Understanding the neuroanatomy of wakefulness and awareness is crucial for clinicians dealing with disorders of consciousness. Wakefulness is supported by brainstem-forebrain-diencephalic systems, while awareness is a result of integrated activity within and between wakefulness systems and cortical areas. Disruptions in these neural systems can inform the clinical presentation and treatment options for disorders of consciousness.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Katherine Golden, Yelena G. Bodien, Joseph T. Giacino
Summary: This article discusses the classification associated with the four major disorders of consciousness (DoC): coma, vegetative state or unresponsive wakefulness syndrome, minimally conscious state, and post-traumatic confusional state. The history of each disorder are briefly reviewed and operational definitions and diagnostic criteria are provided. The article heavily relies on recently released practice guidelines and identifies knowledge gaps and discusses future directions to advance DoC research and practice.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
Article
Rehabilitation
Beth S. Slomine, Stacy J. Suskauer
Summary: Research on children with disorders of consciousness (DoC) lags behind adult literature, and there is a lack of rigorous evaluation of assessment tools for this population. However, recent developments show promise in improving assessment for young children and those without overt command following. Early signs of consciousness are associated with better long-term outcomes. Although large clinical trials are lacking, programmatic data provide valuable information for standards of care and treatment options for children with DoC.
PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA
(2024)
