Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Kevin Lancon, Philippe Seguela
Summary: Chronic pain is a global burden with limited treatment options. Its intractable nature is due to the multifaceted nature of pain itself and a lack of understanding of the physiological mechanisms underlying its initiation and maintenance. Normalizing dysregulated nociceptive pathways is crucial for developing novel non-opioid analgesic approaches. The anterior cingulate cortex plays a significant role in pain modulation and is associated with abnormal activity and impaired cognitive functions in chronic pain conditions.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jiangfeng Liao, Xue Mi, Guirong Zeng, Yuanxiang Wei, Xiaoman Dai, Qinyong Ye, Xiaochun Chen, Jing Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying the genetic susceptibility to depression in the WKY rat model. Comparison with Wistar rats reveals significant differences in depression-like behaviors and synaptic plasticity in the WKY strain. Proteomic analysis identifies brain region-specific differentially-expressed proteins that closely correlate with depression-like phenotypes. These findings provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of depression in males.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Olga Abramova, Yana Zorkina, Timur Syunyakov, Eugene Zubkov, Valeria Ushakova, Artemiy Silantyev, Kristina Soloveva, Olga Gurina, Alexander Majouga, Anna Morozova, Vladimir Chekhonin
Summary: The study found that ultrasound stress can lead rats to exhibit depressive-like behavior, while treatment with clomipramine can have an antidepressant effect. Different routes of drug administration can influence the drug's impact on the metabolic profiles in the frontal cortex and hippocampus.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ping-Rui Tsai, Kun-Huang Chen, Tzay-Ming Hong, Fu-Nien Wang, Teng-Yi Huang
Summary: This article discusses a method that simplifies the analysis of mental disorders by using decision trees and fMRI encoding, revealing different states of mental disorders by fitting power-law distributions. It also constructs a transformation matrix connecting different disorders, using mentally disordered rats as samples. The attempt may contribute to unraveling the mystery of psychological processes, although it is still in its early stages.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Yasser A. Khadrawy, Eman N. Hosny, Haitham S. Mohammed
Summary: This study found that DOX inhibits the activities of acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase, increases dopamine levels, and induces oxidative stress, while the protective effect of NC partially alleviates these adverse effects.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Mehreen Arif, Khalid Rauf, Naeem Ur Rehman, Ahmed Tokhi, Muhammad Ikram, Robert Sewell
Summary: This study found that 6-MOF and donepezil have neuroprotective effects in chronic ethanol-induced cognitive impairment, improving cognitive performance and neurochemical markers in animals.
DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Francesco Bellanti, Vidyasagar Naik Bukke, Archana Moola, Rosanna Villani, Caterina Scuderi, Luca Steardo, Gianmauro Palombelli, Rossella Canese, Sarah Beggiato, Mario Altamura, Gianluigi Vendemiale, Gaetano Serviddio, Tommaso Cassano
Summary: This study investigated the therapeutic potential of ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide (um-PEA) in 3 x Tg-AD mice. The results showed that um-PEA can improve the complex-I respiration rate and ATPase activity, as well as ATP content in the cortical mitochondria of the mice. However, um-PEA treatment did not improve the mitochondrial bioenergetics impairments and glutamate release in the hippocampus.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Milda Sarkinaite, Rymante Gleizniene, Virginija Adomaitiene, Kristina Dambrauskiene, Nijole Raskauskiene, Vesta Steibliene
Summary: Structural brain changes are found in suicide attempters and patients with mental disorders, with atrophy of frontal, temporal cortex, and hippocampus parts significantly higher in repeated suicide attempters compared to those with first suicide attempt.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shengjie Li, Die Peng, Ni Pan, Shaohui Wang, Zheng Zhang, Cuihong Wan
Summary: Short open reading frame-encoded peptides (SEPs), ranging from 2 to 100 amino acids, play important roles in various biological processes. In this study, we analyzed SEPs in five different brain regions of mice using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We identified 373 SEPs, with approximately 83% of them being novel. Half of the identified SEPs were encoded by non-coding RNA, and about one-third showed orthology across species. Each brain region had specific SEPs, such as IP_1018875 in the frontal cortex, which may be related to autophagy and neuronal signaling. These findings expand our understanding of the mouse brain proteome and provide valuable insights for future studies on the function of SEPs.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Omnia Ashoor, Haitham S. Mohammed, Nasr M. Radwan, Reem Elge-baly
Summary: This study investigates the alterations in monoamine neurotransmitters in the cortex and hippocampus of animals subjected to prolonged febrile seizures during their immature age. The results show persistent changes in serotonin neurotransmitters in the hippocampus and cortex, while the changes in norepinephrine and dopamine are transient and recovered in adulthood.
IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Robert C. Spencer, Andrea J. Martin, David M. Devilbiss, Craig W. Berridge
Summary: The prefrontal cortex and extended frontostriatal circuitry are crucial for executive cognitive processes, and psychostimulants have dose-dependent effects on frontostriatal cognition. Low doses improve while high doses impair cognitive function. The effects of psychostimulants on reward-related signaling are complex and vary depending on dosage, region, and neuron.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Nicholas T. Church, Wendy Weissner, Janina R. Galler, Ana C. Amaral, Douglas L. Rosene, Jill A. McGaughy, Richard J. Rushmore, Eben Larrabee, David J. Mokler
Summary: The study found that prenatal protein malnutrition may alter the levels of neurotransmitters in the brain, especially norepinephrine. Acute stress may increase serotonin levels, while norepinephrine and dopamine levels remain relatively stable.
BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lucia Caffino, Francesca Mottarlini, Sabrine Bilel, Giorgia Targa, Micaela Tirri, Coralie Maggi, Matteo Marti, Fabio Fumagalli
Summary: The study reveals that the expression of neuroplastic markers in the brain can be altered by low doses of MDPV or alpha-PVP, suggesting the widespread impact of these cathinones on brain plasticity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biology
Tayebeh Sepahvand, Kyron D. Power, Tian Qin, Qi Yuan
Summary: Through the study of threat conditioning, extinction, and second-order threat conditioning in animal models, insights have been gained into the brain-based mechanisms of fear- and anxiety-related disorders and their treatment. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) has received much attention in these processes, and this review provides an overview of its role. Recent evidence suggests that the BLA serves as the core of a greater network of structures, including associative and sensory cortices, in these forms of learning. The BLA is regulated by inputs from the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, as well as by neuromodulators such as norepinephrine and dopamine, which may contribute important learning signals to these processes. The sensory cortices may play a crucial role in the long-term storage of threat memories, and further research can explore their potential in the storage of extinction and second-order conditioning memories.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Stefan Gaunitz, Lars O. Tjernberg, Sophia Schedin-Weiss
Summary: Protein glycosylation plays a crucial role in the development of Alzheimer's disease, with altered glycan profiles observed in the hippocampus and cortex of AD patients. The glycans that differ between controls and AD brain have similar structures with specific components, indicating a potential biomarker for AD. These findings suggest that glycosylation is an important component in the development of AD and warrant further studies.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Amine Bahi
Summary: Gestational environmental enrichment (EE) has protective effects on social stress-induced anxiety-like behaviors and excessive ethanol consumption through increasing BDNF levels.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sarabesh Natarajan, Grant Abass, Lucas Kim, Corinne Wells, Amir H. Rezvani, Edward D. Levin
Summary: Multiple neural systems, including dopamine D1 receptors and glutamate NMDA receptors, are involved in nicotine reinforcement. Acute blockade of D1 receptors decreases nicotine self-administration, while acute blockade of NMDA receptors increases it. Chronic blockade of NMDA receptors decreases nicotine self-administration. Memantine attenuates the decrease in nicotine self-administration caused by chronic D1 antagonist SCH-23390.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
David R. Maguire
Summary: The study found that Lorcaserin alone reduces ventilation and enhances the ventilatory-depressant effects of opioids. This suggests that combining a 5-HT2C receptor agonist with opioids may increase the risk of ventilatory depression without reducing abuse.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Fen Liu, Qing Tian, Hui-Ling Tang, Xiang Cheng, Wei Zou, Ping Zhang
Summary: This study demonstrates the attenuating effect of H2S on PD-associated depression by improving hippocampal synaptic plasticity.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Mehrsa Rahimi-Danesh, Mohammad-Ali Samizadeh, Amir-Ehsan Sajadi, Tara Rezvankhah, Salar Vaseghi
Summary: This study investigated the effects of lithium on freezing behavior and pain perception in a fear-conditioning model in rats. The results showed that lithium had no effect on freezing behavior and pain subthreshold in all rats. Extinction training decreased freezing behavior, with more efficacy in females. Gender differences were also observed in the effects of extinction training.
PHARMACOLOGY BIOCHEMISTRY AND BEHAVIOR
(2024)