Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Salvatore Paterno, Laura Pisani, Stefania Zanconato, Valentina Agnese Ferraro, Silvia Carraro
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) is produced and released in the airways. Nasal NO (nNO) can be measured to diagnose respiratory diseases such as primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The role of nNO in other diseases is also worth studying, but its diagnostic and prognostic value is not fully understood.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Pediatrics
Iva Mrkic Kobal, Mirjana Turkalj, Davor Plavec, Ann-Marie Malby Schoos
Summary: This review investigates the use of nasal nitric oxide (nNO) measurement in children and its association with respiratory diseases. It provides an overview of the current literature on nNO use in pediatric allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, acute rhinosinusitis, primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), and cystic fibrosis (CF). The review suggests that nNO is a noninvasive and clinically applicable test that can be used as a complementary method in the diagnosis and monitoring of these respiratory diseases.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Lisa Eggenkemper, Anne Schlegtendal, Christoph Maier, Thomas Luecke, Folke Brinkmann, Bibiana Beckmann, Dimitrios Tsikas, Cordula Koerner-Rettberg
Summary: Low nasal nitric oxide (nNO) is a typical feature of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (PCD), but the underlying pathomechanisms are unclear. This study found that PCD patients have impaired nitric oxide synthesis in the lungs, possibly due to mechano-chemical uncoupling, in contrast to cystic fibrosis (CF).
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Nicole Beydon, Aline Tamalet, Estelle Escudier, Marie Legendre, Guillaume Thouvenin
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of different methods on nNO measurement in screening for PCD in children. The results showed that BH and ER methods can be interchangeable, with children over 5 years old being more likely to master these two methods, while children under 5 years old had a higher success rate in TB measurement.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Pediatrics
Jessica L. Saunders, Michael Glenn O'Connor, Evans M. Machogu
Summary: The diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) relies on clinical features and diagnostic tests. This study shows the similarities between specific immunodeficiency activated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase delta syndrome 1 (PIK3CD-related disorder) and PCD in terms of clinical presentation. The importance of repeating nasal nitric oxide testing is highlighted when genetic or ciliary electron micrograph analysis has not confirmed PCD, especially in cases of expanded suppurative lung disease with considerations for immunodeficiency.
PEDIATRIC PULMONOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Konstantinos Petalas, John Goudakos, George N. Konstantinou
Summary: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common and heterogeneous disorder with complex underlying mechanisms. CRS is a broad syndrome involving multiple immunological features, including interactions between genes, the microbiome, exosomes, the epithelial barrier, and environmental exposures. The main pathophysiological feature is epithelial barrier disruption, accompanied by microbiome alterations and unpredictable immunoreactions. CRSwNP is characterized by fibrosis and mild inflammation, often associated with Th1 or Th17 immunological profiles. CRSsNP is associated with moderate or severe eosinophilic inflammation. Diagnosis is based on clinical, endoscopic, and imaging findings. Different CRS endotypes are studied through biomarkers from blood, nasal secretions, biopsies, and exhaled air. Management aims to maintain clinical control through nasal douching, steroids, antibiotics, biologics, or surgical procedures in severe cases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Bingbing Wang, Zhenchao Wu, Feifei Wang, Zuojuan Yin, Lei Shi, Yi Liu
Summary: In patients with allergic rhinitis (AR), nasal nitric oxide (nNO) levels are significantly increased, which can be used to identify AR. However, in patients with nasal polyps, sinusitis, or marked ostial obstruction, there were no significant differences in nNO levels compared to healthy controls.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Frederic Schlemmer, Agnes Hamzaoui, Sonia Zebachi, Aurelie Le Thuaut, Gilles Mangiapan, Isabelle Monnet, Amel Boudjema, Laurence Jabot, Bruno Housset, Sylvie Bastuji-Garin, Laurence Bassinet, Bernard Maitre
Summary: This study aimed to develop a clinical score to identify adult patients with bronchiectasis who are at higher risk of having cystic fibrosis or primary ciliary dyskinesia. Through diagnostic work-ups and logistic-regression analyses, specific factors associated with CF/PCD diagnosis were identified and a score was validated in a second cohort. The results showed that age at symptom onset, chronic ENT symptoms, digestive symptoms, and specific microbial isolates from sputum were significantly associated with CF or PCD diagnosis, with the developed score demonstrating good performance in identifying high-risk patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Noemie Bricmont, Romane Bonhiver, Lionel Benchimol, Bruno Louis, Jean-Francois Papon, Justine Monseur, Anne-Francoise Donneau, Catherine Moermans, Florence Schleich, Doriane Calmes, Anne-Lise Poirrier, Renaud Louis, Marie-Christine Seghaye, Celine Kempeneers
Summary: In this study, we evaluated the effects of delay after sampling and the temperature for conservation of respiratory ciliated samples on assessments of ciliary beating. We found that ciliary beating can be evaluated at 37 degrees Celsius up to 9 hours after nasal brushing, but the storage temperature can modify ciliary beating.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Zofia Varenyiova, Laura S. Rojas-Hernandez, Jacquelyn Spano, Vaclav Capek, Yael Rosenberg-Hasson, Tyson Holmes, Carlos Milla
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the inflammatory and proliferative responses in the respiratory epithelium of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and evaluate the impact of Azithromycin (AZT) on these responses. The results showed significantly higher production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in CCDC39 basal cells and multi-ciliated epithelium at baseline compared to other cell types. AZT was found to inhibit cytokine production induced by LPS in PCD cells.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sonia Graziano, Nicola Ullmann, Raffaela Rusciano, Annalisa Allegorico, Francesca Boldrini, Lorenza Rosito, Alexandra L. Quittner, Renato Cutrera, Paola Tabarini
Summary: This study compared the prevalence of depression and anxiety between individuals with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cystic fibrosis (CF), as well as their caregivers. The results showed a high percentage of patients and caregivers experiencing depressive and anxiety symptoms, with suicidal ideation reported as well. Therefore, addressing psychological well-being is crucial for the overall management of these chronic respiratory diseases.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Amy L. Faulkner, Michael Grayling, Benjamin Shillitoe, Malcolm Brodlie, Louise J. Michaelis
Summary: A study of 37 children with CF found that 76% of them had one or more allergic conditions, with allergic rhinitis being the most common. All children with ABPA had another allergic condition, with seasonal exacerbations possibly related to cross-sensitisation between Aspergillus and aeroallergens associated with seasonal AR. Allergic conditions were also common in children with Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection.
IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Yanlu Che, Nan Wang, Qianzi Ma, Junjie Liu, Zhaonan Xu, Qiuying Li, Jingting Wang, Yanan Sun
Summary: This study investigated the differences in nasal flora composition between patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and non-allergic rhinitis (nAR) and their role in pathogenesis. The results showed that AR patients had a significantly higher abundance of Vibrio vulnificus and Acinetobacter baumanni in the nasal cavity compared to nAR patients, while the abundance of Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus iners, Proteobacteria, Pseudomonadales, and Escherichia coli was lower. The study also identified specific bacterial models associated with AR and nAR, providing new insights for their treatment.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Bjarne Vandervoort, Django De Beuckeleer, Elke Huenaerts, Marianne Schulte, Francois Vermeulen, Marijke Proesmans, Thierry Troosters, Myriam Vreys, Mieke Boon
Summary: This study evaluated the short-term effect of a single airway clearance therapy session on lung function in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The results showed no significant effect on forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and lung clearance index (LCI) in both CF and PCD patients.
FRONTIERS IN PEDIATRICS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Olga Branicka, Edyta Jura-Szoltys, Barbara Rogala, Joanna Gluck
Summary: This study found significantly higher sCD48 levels in NAR patients compared to PAR and healthy controls, with a significant correlation between sCD48 levels and eosinophils. ECP and eotaxin-1/CCL11 levels were also significantly higher in the NAR group.
IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY AND IMMUNOTOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Respiratory System
M. Vitacca, A. Malovini, A. Spanevello, P. Ceriana, M. Paneroni, M. Maniscalco, B. Balbi, L. Rizzello, R. Murgia, R. Bellazzi, N. Ambrosino
Summary: Due to the low availability of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) for individuals recovering from a COPD exacerbation (ECOPD), this study aimed to identify subpopulations with different responses to PR based on clustering analysis of baseline characteristics. The results can be used to define priority criteria for PR.
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pasquale Ambrosino, Pasquale Moretta, Anna Lanzillo, Roberto Formisano, Mauro Maniscalco
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Maria Gabriella Matera, Nicola A. Hanania, Mauro Maniscalco, Mario Cazzola
Summary: Older adults have a higher prevalence of COPD and this will increase in the future. COPD in older adults is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation, which contributes to poor lung function and health status. Inflamm-aging is also associated with comorbidities in COPD patients. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, comorbidities, and other factors should be considered when prescribing medication. Current COPD treatments focus on symptom relief, but new anti-inflammatory molecules and therapies targeting aging processes are being investigated.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mauro Mormile, Ilaria Mormile, Salvatore Fuschillo, Francesca Wanda Rossi, Laura Lamagna, Pasquale Ambrosino, Amato de Paulis, Mauro Maniscalco
Summary: Eosinophils play a significant role in airway inflammation in diseases like asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. This review explores the immunological differences in eosinophilic airway inflammation and how it affects clinical presentation, emphasizing the need for accurate classification of patients based on phenotypes and endotypes to determine appropriate therapies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Marco Maglione, Antonietta Giannattasio, Antonia Pascarella, Vincenzo Tipo
Summary: Montelukast is not a revolutionary drug for pediatric asthma management, but rather a second-line medication used when inhaled steroids are ineffective. However, concerns about its safety have arisen due to increasing side effects. This review summarizes the literature published since 2010 on the role of Montelukast in pediatric asthma, highlighting the controversial results and unanswered questions regarding its use.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Pasquale Ambrosino, Giuseppina Marcuccio, Roberto Formisano, Laura Marcuccio, Rosanna Filosa, Mauro Maniscalco
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Health Care Sciences & Services
Mauro Maniscalco, Aikaterini Detoraki, Giovanni Sarnelli, Maria Nolano, Amato De Paulis, Giuseppe Spadaro, Elena Cantone
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Silvestro Ennio D'Anna, Francesca Dossena, Isabella Gnemmi, Paola Brun, Antonio Spanevello, Vitina Carriero, Francesca Bertolini, Mauro Maniscalco, Fabio LM. Ricciardolo, Bruno Balbi, Antonino Di Stefano
Summary: This study aimed to determine the microbiota associated with markers of innate immune response in COPD patients with rapid lung functional decline. The results showed an increase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pneumoniae in rapid decliners, and S. pneumoniae also increased compared to non decliners. In summary, these findings may help in the prognostic stratification and treatment of patients.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Letter
Otorhinolaryngology
Pasquale Ambrosino, Andrea Motta, Mauro Maniscalco
INTERNATIONAL FORUM OF ALLERGY & RHINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Pasquale Ambrosino, Giuseppina Marcuccio, Carmen Lombardi, Silvestro Ennio D'Anna, Stefano Sanduzzi Zamparelli, Costantino Mancusi, Giorgio Alfredo Spedicato, Andrea Motta, Mauro Maniscalco
Summary: A meta-analysis showed that individuals with AATD have a significantly lower risk of ischemic heart disease and acute myocardial infarction compared to non-AATD controls. These findings are not influenced by AATD genotypes or prevalence of COPD, but are associated with differences in male sex, hypertension, and diabetes prevalence.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giuseppina Marcuccio, Pasquale Ambrosino, Claudia Merola, Fabio Manzo, Andrea Motta, Gaetano Rea, Elena Cantone, Mauro Maniscalco
Summary: Allergic rhinitis is a common allergic disease with a high occurrence between the ages of 20 and 40. It involves immune responses and nitric oxide has been identified as a potential biomarker for diagnosis and therapy monitoring. Measurement of nasal nitric oxide can help monitor airway obstruction and inflammation in various clinical conditions, including upper airways diseases.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Mauro Maniscalco, Salvatore Fuschillo, Ilaria Mormile, Aikaterini Detoraki, Giovanni Sarnelli, Amato de Paulis, Giuseppe Spadaro, Elena Cantone
Summary: Nitric oxide (NO) is an important molecule that plays a significant role as a cellular messenger in various biological processes. Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is a convenient method for assessing airway inflammation, particularly in asthma and other allergic conditions, aiding in diagnosis and monitoring.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Gaetano Rea, Nicola Sverzellati, Marialuisa Bocchino, Roberta Lieto, Gianluca Milanese, Michele D'Alto, Giorgio Bocchini, Mauro Maniscalco, Tullio Valente, Giacomo Sica
Summary: Diffuse lung disorders (DLDs) and interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are pathological conditions affecting the lung parenchyma and interstitial network. Radiologists play a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring ILDs using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). HRCT provides detailed imaging of lung tissue and subtle morphological changes, while quantitative software and artificial intelligence (AI) enhance analysis and provide comprehensive evaluations beyond human capabilities.
Article
Biology
Antonino Di Stefano, Umberto Rosani, Stefano Levra, Isabella Gnemmi, Paola Brun, Mauro Maniscalco, Silvestro Ennio D'Anna, Vitina Carriero, Francesca Bertolini, Fabio L. M. Ricciardolo
Summary: This study found an imbalance between BMP proteins and their antagonists in the lungs of stable COPD patients, which may play a role in airway remodeling and the regenerative-reparative responses of diseased bronchioles and lung parenchyma.
Review
Respiratory System
Lucia Abagnale, Claudio Candia, Andrea Motta, Brurya Galloway, Pasquale Ambrosino, Antonio Molino, Mauro Maniscalco
Summary: The endothelium plays a crucial role in vascular function and its assessment is important for understanding cardiovascular risk and disease severity. Flow-mediated dilation is a widely used method for evaluating endothelial function, and it has potential applications in various respiratory diseases.
RESPIRATORY MEDICINE AND RESEARCH
(2023)