Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Jacob Browning, Yann LeCun
Summary: Since the 1950s, there has been a belief among philosophers and AI researchers that disambiguating natural language sentences requires common sense. However, the emergence of large language models has challenged this belief.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura Croce, Spyridon Chytiris, Francesca Coperchini, Giovanni Ferraro, Linda Minelli, Antonella Navarra, Flavia Magri, Luca Chiovato, Pierpaolo Trimboli, Mario Rotondi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate potential strategies for clinical and biochemical characterization of UH patients. The results showed that laboratory interferences are not more frequent in UH patients, suggesting that they should be managed in the same way as CAT patients until proven otherwise.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Davide Lazzeroni, Andrea Villatore, Gaia Souryal, Gianluca Pili, Giovanni Peretto
Summary: Aging is associated with an increasing burden of morbidity, particularly for cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular risk factors, ischemic heart diseases, heart failure, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies are prevalent in older individuals and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations compared to younger populations. The aging heart phenotype reflects cellular-level modifications, and understanding the underlying molecular mechanisms could improve clinical management and identify new therapeutic targets for older patients.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Henning Schaefer, Ahmad Idrissi-Yaghir, Jeanette Bewersdorff, Sameh Frihat, Christoph M. Friedrich, Torsten Zesch
Summary: This paper describes the findings of the 'WisPerMed' team in the n2c2 2022 challenge's Track 1. The team tackles medication extraction by using approaches like ClinicalBERT and Longformer models to handle long clinical texts, and improves model performance through domain adaptation and preprocessing steps. By treating the tasks as named entity recognition (NER) problems, a sanity check is performed to eliminate weaknesses in medication detection. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the DeBERTa v3 model in both NER and event classification tasks.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Hugh S. Taylor, Alexander M. Kotlyar, Valerie A. Flores
Summary: Endometriosis is a common disease affecting women globally, but diagnosis is often delayed and misdiagnosis is common. The disease is now recognized as a systemic condition with diverse manifestations beyond the pelvis. New therapies such as oral GnRH antagonists provide an effective alternative when first-line medications fail.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Ellinor Isgren, Stefano B. Longo
Summary: This comment responds to the claim that sustainability science, as a research community, has leaned to the left in a problematic manner. The comment questions the examples provided and argues for caution in making such judgments. It suggests that the seemingly left-leaning positions may have scientific reasons rather than purely political or ideological ones. The authors also emphasize the importance of considering social theorists' insights for open and reflexive debate in the field.
SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Vijay Patil, Vanita Noronha, Sameer Shrirangwar, Nandini Menon, George Abraham, Arun Chandrasekharan, Kumar Prabhash
Summary: Limited data on the incidence, risk factors, treatment outcomes, and antibiotic susceptibility spectrum of aspiration pneumonia (AsP) in low- to middle-income countries (LMIC) were analyzed in a post hoc analysis of a randomized control trial. The study found that aspiration pneumonia is a common complication in head and neck malignancies, with baseline dysphagia being a significant risk factor and gram-negative bacteria being the predominant causative agents. The use of broad-spectrum antibiotics has shown to be effective in resolving symptoms.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Rachel S. Knipe, George A. Alba, Jeanna Harvey M. Barnes, Lida P. Hariri
Summary: A man with polyarteritis nodosa presented with cough and pulmonary opacities. Diagnostic tests revealed multifocal clustered centrilobular nodules and opacities in a tree-in-bud pattern.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Leo Guidobaldi, Concetta Cafiero, Gerardo D'Amato, Marco Dell'Aquila, Pierpaolo Trimboli, Raffaele Palmirotta, Salvatore Pisconti
Summary: Primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL) is a rare and challenging diagnosis with poor sensitivity to fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The clinical and ultrasound presentations of PTL can be atypical, and laboratory tests often fail to provide relevant data. Molecular diagnostics can improve the evaluation of PTL by identifying potential mutational models.
JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Rebecca Dunsmoor-Su, Ashley Fuller, Amy Voedisch
Summary: The lack of education and understanding of testosterone as a normal female hormone has resulted in unsafe prescribing practices by healthcare professionals. As women's health care practitioners, it is our responsibility to follow safe guidelines, advocate for more research, and prescribe regulated products to ensure patient safety.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Semen Budennyy, Alexey Kazakov, Elizaveta Kovtun, Leonid Zhukov
Summary: Pharmaceutical companies operate in a regulated and risky environment, and the announcement of clinical trial results is closely monitored by the public. This study proposes a framework for predicting the numerical values of announcement-induced changes in stock prices, aiming to bridge the gap in predictive analysis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Jonathan Binz, Mallory Heft, Samantha Robinson, Hanna Jensen, James Newton
Summary: This study investigates the use of procalcitonin (PCT) levels to differentiate between aspiration pneumonia (ASPNA) and aspiration pneumonitis. The results suggest that PCT levels differ significantly in these two conditions, and incorporating PCT levels into diagnostic criteria can lead to more appropriate treatment and improved antibiotic stewardship.
DIAGNOSTIC MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Anders Sundin, Elif Hindie, Anca M. Avram, Antoine Tabarin, Karel Pacak, David Taieb
Summary: Incidental adrenal masses are commonly detected during abdominal imaging, with CT or MRI often used for evaluation. Some tumors can behave aggressively, while others can be monitored for malignancy during longitudinal follow-up. Specialized molecular imaging techniques may be necessary for tumors that cannot be characterized by standard imaging methods.
JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Keisuke Maeda, Motoomi Nagasaka, Ayano Nagano, Shinsuke Nagami, Kakeru Hashimoto, Masaki Kamiya, Yuto Masuda, Kenichi Ozaki, Koki Kawamura
Summary: Dysphagia, a syndrome of abnormal eating function associated with malnutrition, has traditionally been difficult to assess without invasive and expensive methods. However, recent advancements in ultrasound technology have made it possible to noninvasively evaluate swallowing-related muscles and propose a protocol for diagnosing sarcopenic dysphagia in elderly patients.
Article
Pediatrics
Patrick Stafler, Khaled Akel, Yuliana Eshel, Adi Shimoni, Sylvia Grozovski, Meir Mei-Zahav, Hagit Levine, Yulia Gendler, Hannah Blau, Dario Prais
Summary: This study evaluated the added value of videofluoroscopy swallow studies (VFSS) in the diagnosis, feeding management, and clinical status of children with aspiration. The results showed that VFSS altered feeding management and may have contributed to clinical improvement in a population with high prevalence of chronic pulmonary aspiration.
