Review
Pediatrics
Ihor Yosypiv
Summary: Mutations in genes of the renin-angiotensin system can lead to congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT), the main cause of end-stage renal disease in children. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of CAKUT is crucial for improving the care of affected children. Recent advances have shed light on how disruption of the renin-angiotensin system during kidney development contributes to CAKUT.
PEDIATRIC NEPHROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Ziyi Zhao, Xuantong Dai, Gengru Jiang, Fujun Lin
Summary: This study investigates the role of Ash2l gene in renal development and its impact on H3K4 methylation and UB morphogenesis. The results suggest that Ash2l inactivation disrupts H3K4 trimethylation, impairs UB branching morphogenesis, and leads to CAKUT.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yaxin Li, Minghui Yu, Lihong Tan, Shanshan Xue, Xuanjin Du, Xiaohui Wu, Hong Xu, Qian Shen
Summary: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are common developmental defects with a complex etiology. This study demonstrates that double mutations in Robo2 and Gen1 genes lead to significantly increased CAKUT phenotypes, especially a duplicated collecting system. Additionally, the study reveals that Robo2 and Gen1 synergistically promote cell proliferation in mouse kidney development by activating the GDNF/RET pathway and downstream MAPK/ERK signaling.
FRONTIERS IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Min Shi, Kyle W. McCracken, Ankit B. Patel, Weitao Zhang, Lioba Ester, M. Todd Valerius, Joseph Bonventre
Summary: This study describes a highly efficient method for differentiating human pluripotent stem cells into kidney collecting duct cells. The process involves inducing the stem cells into progenitor cells, forming organoids with similar morphology to fetal kidney, and ultimately differentiating into functional collecting duct cells.
NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Noemi Pavo, Suriya Prausmueller, Georg Spinka, Georg Goliasch, Philipp E. Bartko, Raphael Wurm, Henrike Arfsten, Guido Strunk, Marko Poglitsch, Oliver Domenig, Julia Mascherbauer, Keziban Uyanik-Unal, Christian Hengstenberg, Andreas Zuckermann, Martin Huelsmann
Summary: In patients with heart failure, AngII and AngIII are the predominant peptides in the heart, especially in those receiving ARB treatment. Myocardial RAS enzyme regulation is independent of the type of RAS inhibitor used, and tissue chymase is the main enzyme for cardiac AngII generation.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Masayoshi Kukida, Naofumi Amioka, Dien Ye, Hui Chen, Jessica J. Moorleghen, Ching-Ling Liang, Deborah A. Howatt, Yuriko Katsumata, Motoko Yanagita, Hisashi Sawada, Alan Daugherty, Hong S. Lu
Summary: This study investigated the role of the renal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in atherosclerosis development. While whole body inhibition of the RAS had significant effects, specific manipulation of RAS components in renal proximal tubule cells had no impact on atherosclerosis in either sex. These findings suggest that the site of RAS activity influencing lesion formation is still unknown.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sam Siljee, Bridget Milne, Helen D. Brasch, Nicholas Bockett, Josie Patel, Paul F. Davis, Andrew Kennedy-Smith, Tinte Itinteang, Swee T. Tan
Summary: This study demonstrated the expression of PRR, ACE2, and AT(2)R by the CSCs within RCCC. Further studies may lead to novel therapeutic targeting of CSCs by manipulation of the RAS in the treatment of this aggressive cancer.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Johannes J. Kovarik, Christopher C. Kaltenecker, Oliver Domenig, Marlies Antlanger, Marko Poglitsch, Chantal Kopecky, Marcus D. Saemann
Summary: In this study, the effects of combined MRA eplerenone and ACEi therapy on key RAAS effectors in CKD patients were examined. The results showed that eplerenone treatment led to global RAAS activation while significantly increasing the alternative RAAS effector Ang-(1-7).
Article
Cell Biology
Jorge F. Giani, Luciana C. Veiras, Justin Z. Y. Shen, Ellen A. Bernstein, DuoYao Cao, Derick Okwan-Duodu, Zakir Khan, Romer A. Gonzalez-Villalobos, Kenneth E. Bernstein
Summary: Renal angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) plays a key role in the development of various kidney diseases, particularly hypertension. Studies suggest that ACE may mediate its effects through mechanisms independent of Ang II conversion, involving other substrates.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Rasha T. Kakati, Hyunsoo Kim, Austin Whitman, Philip M. Spanheimer
Summary: Resistance to endocrine therapy is a major issue for patients with ER-positive breast cancer, and the expression and activation of the RET receptor tyrosine kinase may play a role in this resistance. Identifying high-risk patients and potential drug targets through biomarker-based clinical trials is the aim of this study.
BREAST CANCER RESEARCH AND TREATMENT
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nadin Hoffmann, Joerg Peters
Summary: The (pro)renin receptor (P)RR has important roles in the kidney and brain, independently of prorenin, in activating inflammatory and fibrotic responses in renal dysfunction and being linked to hypertension in the brain. By regulating pH and function of v-ATPase, (P) RR plays crucial roles in cellular homeostasis and autophagy in kidney, brain, and heart.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hui Fang, Teng Yang, Baolong Zhou, Xinxuan Li
Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with advanced oxidation protein products (AOPPs). A recent study investigated the role of the (pro)renin receptor (PRR) in AOPP-induced renal damage in rats. The study found that the PRR inhibitor PRO20 can protect against AOPP-induced nephropathy by inhibiting intrarenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and Nox4-derived H2O2 mechanisms.
Review
Oncology
Xin Ouyang, Chuanming Xu
Summary: Cancer is a major global public health problem that affects hundreds of millions of people worldwide, and currently lacks reliable biomarkers for predicting its clinical outcomes. Recent research has shown that (pro)renin receptor (PRR) acts as a novel biomarker in various types of cancer. This review summarizes the current understanding of PRR in cancer, including its expression levels in different cancers, potential mechanisms in cancer progression, and its role in cancer treatment.
JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Naif H. Ali, Hayder M. Al-Kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Ali K. Albuhadily, Rabab S. Hamad, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Hebatallah M. Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
Summary: This article discusses the pathophysiology of depression and the role of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in it. It is found that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers may be effective in the treatment of depression. By regulating serotonin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, these drugs can ameliorate the pathophysiology of depression.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Biology
Abdulkarim Alshammari, Yohan Han, Timothy W. Jones, Bindu Pillai, Duo Zhang, Adviye Ergul, Payaningal R. Somanath, Susan C. Fagan
Summary: This study found that C21 has anti-inflammatory effects in macrophages and microglia by suppressing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and the generation of reactive oxygen species, while stimulating the production of neurotrophic factors. Evaluations: 8 points.